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Introduction and Phases of Gait cycle GAIT
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Students and professionals in physical therapy, kinesiology, or biomechanics seeking to understand gait analysis.
TL;DR
This video introduces the concept of gait as dynamic posture and explains its importance in locomotion. It details the three main tasks of walking: weight acceptance, single limb support, and swing limb advancement, and breaks down the gait cycle into stance and swing phases.
Key Takeaways
- Gait is defined as a dynamic posture involving the coordinated rotation of body segments to achieve forward progression.
- Normal gait is rhythmic, characterized by alternating forward and backward movements of the lower extremities to support the body.
- During gait, the head, arms, and trunk (HAT) represent about 75% of body weight, requiring constant balance over a single limb.
- Gait places greater demands on the lower extremities than static posture, requiring coordination, balance, and intact sensory feedback.
- Key tasks in walking include weight acceptance, single limb support, and swing limb advancement for locomotion.
- Winter's model emphasizes maintaining support against gravity, upright posture and balance, and controlling foot trajectory for safe landing.
- The gait cycle is divided into two main phases: stance phase (approx. 60% of the cycle) and swing phase.
- The stance phase begins with initial contact and continues as long as any part of the foot touches the ground, supporting the body.
In This Video
- 00:00Introduction to Gait and Dynamic Posture
This chapter introduces gait as a dynamic posture, building upon previous discussions of static posture and joint/muscle function.
- 01:47Defining Gait: Translatory Progression
Gait is defined as a translatory progression of the body, produced by coordinated rotatory movements of body segments.
- 02:36Rhythmic Gait and Lower Extremity Motion
Normal gait is rhythmic, characterized by alternating propulsive and retropulsive motions of the lower extremities to support the body.
- 04:09Gait Demands: Balance and Weight Transfer
Gait requires balancing over one extremity and transferring weight between limbs, unlike static posture supported by both.
- 07:14Key Tasks in Walking Gait
Walking involves three main tasks: weight acceptance, single limb support, and swing limb advancement, later expanded to five key tasks.
- 11:50Defining the Gait Cycle
The gait cycle is described using one lower extremity as a reference, from initial contact to the next contact of the same limb.
- 13:30Phases of the Gait Cycle: Stance and Swing
The gait cycle consists of two main phases: stance phase (limb on ground, ~60%) and swing phase (limb in air).
Questions & Answers
What is gait?
Gait is defined as the translatory progression of the body as a whole, produced by coordinated rotatory movements of the body segments.
What are the main tasks of walking gate?
The five main tasks of walking gate are: maintaining support against gravity, maintaining upright posture and balance, controlling foot trajectory for safe landing, generating mechanical energy for forward velocity, and absorbing mechanical energy for shock absorption and stability.
How is the gait cycle divided?
The gait cycle is divided into two main phases for each extremity: the stance phase, where the foot is in contact with the ground, and the swing phase, where the foot is in the air.
What is the stance phase of the gait cycle?
The stance phase begins when an extremity contacts the ground and continues as long as any portion of the foot is on the ground, making up about 60% of the gait cycle.
When does the swing phase of the gait cycle begin and end?
The swing phase begins as soon as the toe of an extremity leaves the ground and ends just prior to the heel strike of the same extremity.
What is a reference extremity in gait analysis?
A reference extremity is one lower extremity used to describe the activities from the beginning to the end of one complete gait cycle.
Key Terms
- Gait — Gait is the translatory progression of the body as a whole, produced by coordinated rotatory movements of body segments.
- Stance Phase — The stance phase is when a limb is in contact with the ground, supporting the body's weight during the gait cycle.
- Swing Phase — The swing phase is when a limb is not in contact with the ground and is moving forward to the next step.
- Gait Cycle — The gait cycle includes all activities from the initial contact of one lower extremity to the next initial contact of the same extremity.