Full Transcript
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNzCy3djWtM
Translation: en
[00:00] Hello and welcome everyone.
[00:03] Today, everyone, we will dive into a very small but great world.
[00:07] A world we cannot see with the eye, the world of cells, and we will direct our talk today especially to our male and female students in the first year of middle school.
[00:13] We will simplify this lesson for you and make it enjoyable, God willing.
[00:16] Before we start, don't forget to subscribe to the channel and press the like button so you receive everything new.
[00:22] Okay, let's break down this topic. What is a cell, actually, and why is it so important?
[00:30] Wow, what a question! He said, in a nutshell, the cell is the smallest building block in the structure of any living creature.
[00:37] A building block, what do you mean?
[00:38] Imagine with me, any large building, what is its foundation?
[00:41] Bricks or blocks.
[00:43] Exactly. Living creatures, from the smallest insect to the largest whale, and even us humans, our foundation is cells.
[00:49] They are literally responsible for everything.
[00:52] Everything.
[00:53] Digestion, movement, growth, all of this.
[00:55] All of this and more is what makes us live, breathe, and think.
[00:58] And the amazing thing is that these cells are not all...
[01:01] And we think, and the strange thing is that these cells are not all the same shape and function, meaning there is great diversity.
[01:04] The same shape and function, meaning there is great diversity. Truly, give us examples.
[01:06] Truly, give us examples. For instance, look in plants, there are cells whose function is just to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
[01:11] To the leaves. Ah.
[01:12] And in our body, there are white blood cells, this is our army, defending us against any disease or virus that enters the body.
[01:19] Each type has a specialized shape and function.
[01:23] The body. Each type has a specialized shape and function. Wonderful, meaning each cell has its own specific job.
[01:26] Has its own specific job. Exactly, but despite all these differences, their fundamentals are largely similar.
[01:31] Largely similar. Great. Okay, let's go back in history a bit. Who was the first one to see this small thing, and how was he able to see it at all?
[01:35] To see this small thing, and how was he able to see it at all? The story began a long time ago, in the year 1665.
[01:42] The story began a long time ago, in the year 1665. Oh, a very long time ago.
[01:43] A very long time ago. Yes, there was a scientist named Robert Hooke who used a very simple microscope, considered primitive compared to today's microscopes.
[01:49] Compared to today's microscopes. And he started looking at anything in front of him.
[01:52] And started looking at anything in front of him. Exactly. And among the things he examined, he took a very thin slice of cork plant.
[01:57] A very thin slice of cork plant. The cork we use now.
[01:59] The cork we use now. It's the same. And when he looked at it under the microscope, he was surprised that
[02:03] It's the same, and when they looked under the microscope, he was surprised to see what looked like small empty chambers next to each other.
[02:06] He saw what looked like small empty chambers next to each other, arranged like a honeycomb. Aha, and from here came
[02:09] Arranged like a honeycomb. Aha, and from here came the name cell.
[02:10] The name cell. You're right, he was the first to give it this name.
[02:13] You're right, he was the first to give it this name. But this discovery of his was just the beginning, right?
[02:16] Certainly, Hook's discovery opened the door to developing the idea.
[02:19] Certainly, Hook's discovery opened the door to developing a bigger and more important idea, which is the cell theory.
[02:22] Bigger and more important, which is the cell theory. This cell theory states three things.
[02:25] This cell theory states three basic things.
[02:26] Basic. Excellent. We can summarize it in three simple and clear points.
[02:29] Excellent. We can summarize it in three simple and clear points. First, all living organisms are composed of
[02:34] Clear. First, all living organisms are composed of one or more cells. There are no exceptions.
[02:36] One or more cells. There are no exceptions. Okay.
[02:37] Okay. Second, the cell is the basic unit of life.
[02:41] Second, the cell is the basic unit of life. Meaning all important life processes occur
[02:44] Meaning all important life processes occur within it.
[02:45] Within it. And the third point.
[02:46] And the third point. Third, and this is very important, all new cells
[02:50] Third, and this is very important, all new cells must come from old cells that existed
[02:53] Must come from old cells that existed before them. No cell arises from nothing.
[02:55] From nothing. Meaning the cell reproduces by division.
[02:58] Meaning the cell reproduces by division. Exactly. So, do all organisms have the same number
[03:01] Exactly. So, do all organisms have the same number of cells? Of course not.
[03:03] Cells? Meaning, definitely not.
[03:03] Definitely not.
[03:06] There are creatures whose entire body is just a single cell.
[03:07] It's just a single cell.
[03:08] A single cell.
[03:08] Yes, let's call them unicellular organisms.
[03:12] An example of them is bacteria, the smallest creatures.
[03:15] Living, all their life, their food, movement, and reproduction
[03:18] Occur within the single cell. Glory be to God.
[03:20] And we, visually, are of course the opposite.
[03:22] Completely the opposite. We are among multicellular creatures.
[03:25] Cells, and one of us has, imagine, more than
[03:28] 10 trillion cells.
[03:30] 10 trillion, oh my, a astronomical number.
[03:34] And every cell of these trillions works and cooperates with
[03:38] The one next to it so that the entire body can perform its functions.
[03:41] Okay, to understand how the cell works from the inside, what
[03:44] Do you think we imagine it as a complete bakery?
[03:49] A nice idea, an excellent analogy to simplify it.
[03:52] Let's start from the outside. The bakery has walls, right? What
[03:56] Corresponds to it in the cell?
[03:58] It corresponds to something called the plasma membrane. This is like
[04:01] The bakery walls, or we can say, like a security guard.
[04:04] The walls of the bakery, or we can say like the security guard standing at the door.
[04:06] The one standing at the door. How do you mean a security guard?
[04:07] How do you mean a security guard? Because it surrounds the entire cell and protects it, and more importantly,
[04:11] Because it surrounds the entire cell and protects it, and more importantly, it regulates who enters and who leaves. Not just anything
[04:14] That regulates who enters and who leaves. Not just anything can enter or leave as it pleases.
[04:16] Can enter or leave as it pleases. Wow, okay, have you ever heard of something called
[04:19] Wow, okay, have you ever heard of something called the cell wall? What is that?
[04:21] What is the cell wall? Excellent observation. The cell wall is like
[04:25] Excellent observation. The cell wall is like the extra strong fence around the bakery.
[04:27] The extra strong fence around the bakery. Extra protection, you mean?
[04:28] Extra protection, you mean? Exactly. It's not found in all cells. We find it
[04:31] Exactly. It's not found in all cells. We find it in plant cells, algae, and fungi.
[04:35] In plant cells, algae, and fungi. It gives them additional support and protection.
[04:37] It gives them additional support and protection. Nice. Okay, we've entered the bakery now, what do we find inside?
[04:40] Nice. Okay, we've entered the bakery now, what do we find inside? As soon as you enter, you'll find the large work area.
[04:44] As soon as you enter, you'll find the large work area in the cell. This area is the cytoplasm. Yes.
[04:48] In the cell, this area is the cytoplasm. Yes. It's a liquid, kind of like a gel, that fills the cell and all
[04:51] It's a liquid, kind of like a gel, that fills the cell and all the work happens in it. For your information, about two-thirds of it is
[04:54] The work happens in it. For your information, about two-thirds of it is water.
[04:55] Water. And in this work area, there are workers and equipment, right?
[04:59] And in this work area, there are workers and equipment, right? The ovens and mixers.
[05:00] The ovens and mixers. Okay. And these in the cell, we call them organelles. They are
[05:04] Okay. And these in the cell, we call them organelles. They are small, specialized parts that float in the cytoplasm.
[05:08] Specialized small parts swim in the cytoplasm, and each organelle has a specific function like workers.
[05:11] And each organelle has a specific function like the workers and equipment in a bakery.
[05:12] And the equipment in the bakery. Nice, but any successful bakery must have a manager.
[05:15] Nice, but any successful bakery must have a manager to manage all this work. Who is the manager in our cell?
[05:18] To manage all this work, who is the manager in our cell? The manager or the manager's office is almost the most important part.
[05:22] The manager or the manager's office is almost the most important part, and it is the nucleus.
[05:23] And it is the nucleus. The nucleus is always a big circle in...
[05:25] The nucleus is always a big circle in the middle in drawings.
[05:27] Exactly. The nucleus is the control center because it contains...
[05:30] Exactly. The nucleus is the control center because it contains something called genetic material or DNA.
[05:33] Something called genetic material or DNA. DNA is what determines our traits.
[05:35] DNA is what determines our traits. Exactly, it determines everything from the color of...
[05:38] Exactly, it determines everything from the color of your eyes to the shape of the leaves on a plant. It is...
[05:41] Your eyes to the shape of the leaves on a plant. It is the instruction catalog that organizes all the processes of...
[05:43] The instruction catalog that organizes all the processes of the cell.
[05:44] The cell. Awesome. Okay, and the bakery needs a place to store...
[05:47] Awesome. Okay, and the bakery needs a place to store flour, sugar, and supplies, like storage rooms and refrigerators.
[05:50] Flour, sugar, and supplies, storage rooms and refrigerators. Certainly. And in the cell, we call these vacuoles.
[05:53] Certainly. And in the cell, we call these vacuoles. Vacuoles.
[05:54] Vacuoles. Their function is exactly like refrigerators and cabinets; they store...
[05:57] Their function is exactly like refrigerators and cabinets; they store water, food, and even waste until it's time...
[06:00] Water, food, and even waste until it's time to get rid of it.
[06:01] Get rid of it. And there's a difference between them in plant cells.
[06:03] And in animal cells, right?
[06:05] Animal cells, right? A precise observation. In plant cells, the vacuole...
[06:08] A detailed note: In plant cells, the vacuole is very large because the plant needs to store large amounts of water, whereas in animal cells, it is smaller and scattered.
[06:15] Animal cells are smaller and scattered. Wow, now the picture is clear: we have walls, a work area, workers, a manager, and storage rooms, but there's still something important.
[06:24] Something important: the bakery needs electricity and gas for the ovens to work. Where does the cell get its energy?
[06:31] The ovens work. Where does the cell get its energy? A fundamental question here. We come to the cell's power generation stations, which are the mitochondria.
[06:37] The cell's electricity, which is the mitochondria. Mitochondria, this name is always repeated.
[06:40] Because it is very important. It is responsible for a process called cellular respiration.
[06:45] Cellular respiration. What is cellular respiration? Simply put, it is the process of converting the energy stored in the food we eat into energy that the cell can use.
[06:53] Use it. How does this happen?
[06:54] How does this happen? The mitochondria take the oxygen we breathe and combine it with food. Through this chemical process, it releases energy in the form of the cell's special currency.
[07:05] And this process produces waste products.
[07:07] Yes, it produces carbon dioxide, which we exhale, and water.
[07:09] We exhale it with exhalation and water. Glory be to God. Okay, this is for us.
[07:13] Glory be to God. Okay, this is for us and for the animals that eat our food, but I have never.
[07:16] And for the animals that eat our food, but I have never seen a tree eating. How do plants feed?
[07:19] Seen a tree eating. How do plants feed? Where do they get their food from in the first place to burn it in.
[07:22] Where do they get their food from in the first place to burn it in the mitochondria?
[07:23] Mitochondria. This is the second miracle in the world of cells.
[07:25] This is the second miracle in the world of cells. Plants, we can say they are natural factories.
[07:28] Plants, we can say they are natural factories for solar energy.
[07:29] For solar energy. Solar energy factories.
[07:31] Solar energy factories. Yes, they have special green organelles called.
[07:34] Yes, they have special green organelles called chloroplasts, and they are what give the plant.
[07:37] Chloroplasts, and they are what give the plant its distinctive green color.
[07:38] Its distinctive green color. Aha, so the green color comes from them.
[07:41] Aha, so the green color comes from them, the plastids.
[07:42] Plastids. Exactly. These plastids perform a process we all.
[07:45] Exactly. These plastids perform a process we all know called photosynthesis.
[07:47] Know called photosynthesis. In which they take sunlight.
[07:48] In which they take sunlight. Exactly. They absorb solar energy and use it with second.
[07:52] Exactly. They absorb solar energy and use it with carbon dioxide from the air and the water that.
[07:54] Carbon dioxide from the air and the water that they take from the soil to make glucose sugar.
[07:57] They take from the soil to make glucose sugar, which is their food.
[07:58] Which is their food. Wonderful. So they make their own food.
[08:01] Wonderful. So they make their own food. They make it themselves, and after they make this food.
[08:04] They make it themselves, and after they make this food, they use their mitochondria to break down.
[08:06] Use their mitochondria to break down this food and release energy when they need it.
[08:09] This food and release energy when they need it. They make food and an energy station at the same time.
[08:11] It makes food and an energy station at the same time.
[08:11] Exactly, amazingly self-sufficient.
[08:14] Exactly, amazingly self-sufficient.
[08:14] So, everyone, the picture is complete. We learned
[08:17] So, everyone, the picture is complete. We learned today that the cell is the basis of life.
[08:19] Today that the cell is the basis of life. We discovered it with a microscope hundreds of years ago and saw
[08:22] And discovered it with a microscope hundreds of years ago and saw how it resembles a complete bakery with all its departments.
[08:26] How it resembles a complete bakery with all its departments, from management, workers, storage, and even an energy station.
[08:29] From management, workers, storage, and even an energy station.
[08:29] And we saw how plants are artistic and make their food.
[08:32] And we saw how plants are artistic and make their food themselves from sunlight.
[08:34] Themselves from sunlight.
[08:34] Okay, before we conclude, we have an interactive question for you.
[08:37] Okay, before we conclude, we have an interactive question for you so you can think about it and answer us in the comments.
[08:39] So you can think about it and answer us in the comments.
[08:39] The question is: Since the plant cell has
[08:42] The question is: Since the plant cell has a food factory, which is the chloroplasts,
[08:45] A food factory, which is the chloroplasts, and it has an energy station, which is the mitochondria,
[08:48] And it has an energy station, which is the mitochondria, why does the animal cell only have an energy station?
[08:51] Why does the animal cell only have an energy station and not a food factory? What do you think would happen?
[08:54] And not a food factory? What do you think would happen if we humans had chloroplasts?
[08:56] If we humans had chloroplasts in our cells,
[08:57] In our cells.
[08:57] A deep and imaginative question, honestly. We await
[09:00] A deep and imaginative question, honestly. We await your creative answers in the comments. Don't forget
[09:02] Your creative answers in the comments. Don't forget to subscribe and like, and we'll see you in our next analysis.
[09:05] Subscribe and like, and we'll see you in our next analysis.
Full Transcript (Bilingual)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNzCy3djWtM
Translation: en
[00:00] يا هلا والله ومرحبا بالجميع.
Hello and welcome everyone.
[00:03] اليوم يا جماعه بنغوص في عالم صغير جدا بس عظيم.
Today, everyone, we will dive into a very small but great world.
[00:07] عالم ما نشوفه بالعين عالم الخلايا وبنوجه كلامنا اليوم خصوصا لطلابنا وطالباتنا في الصف الاول المتوسط.
A world we cannot see with the eye, the world of cells, and we will direct our talk today especially to our male and female students in the first year of middle school.
[00:13] بن بسط لكم هالدرس هذا ونخليه ممتع باذن الله.
We will simplify this lesson for you and make it enjoyable, God willing.
[00:16] عاد قبل ما نبدا لا تنسون تشتركوا في القناه وتضغطوا على زر الاعجاب عشان يوصلكم كل جديد.
Before we start, don't forget to subscribe to the channel and press the like button so you receive everything new.
[00:22] طيب خلونا نفكك هالموضوع ش هي الخليه اصلا وليش هي مهمه لهالدرجه.
Okay, let's break down this topic. What is a cell, actually, and why is it so important?
[00:30] يا سلام على هالسؤال قال باختصار شديد الخليه هي اصغر لبنه في بناء اي مخلوق حي.
Wow, what a question! He said, in a nutshell, the cell is the smallest building block in the structure of any living creature.
[00:37] لبنه كيف يعني.
A building block, what do you mean?
[00:38] تخيلي معي اي مبنى كبير اساسه وشو.
Imagine with me, any large building, what is its foundation?
[00:41] طوب او بلوك.
Bricks or blocks.
[00:43] بالضبط المخلوقات الحيه من اصغر حشره لاكبر حوت وحتى احنا البشر اساسنا هو الخلايا.
Exactly. Living creatures, from the smallest insect to the largest whale, and even us humans, our foundation is cells.
[00:49] هي اللي مسؤوله عن كل شيء حرفيا.
They are literally responsible for everything.
[00:52] كل شيء.
Everything.
[00:53] هضم حركه نمو كل هذا.
Digestion, movement, growth, all of this.
[00:55] كل هذا واكثر هي اللي تخلينا نعيش ونتنفس ونفكر.
All of this and more is what makes us live, breathe, and think.
[00:58] والعجيب انه الخلايا هذه مو كلها.
And the amazing thing is that these cells are not all...
[01:01] ونفكر والعجيب انه الخلايا هذه مو كلها نفس الشكل والوظيفه يعني في تنوع كبير
And we think, and the strange thing is that these cells are not all the same shape and function, meaning there is great diversity.
[01:04] نفس الشكل والوظيفه يعني في تنوع كبير صدق عطنا امثله
The same shape and function, meaning there is great diversity. Truly, give us examples.
[01:06] صدق عطنا امثله يعني شوفي في النباتات في خلايا وظيفتها بس تنقل المويه والاملاح من الجذور للاوراق
Truly, give us examples. For instance, look in plants, there are cells whose function is just to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
[01:11] للاوراق اه
To the leaves. Ah.
[01:12] وفي جسمنا في خلايا الدم البيضاء هذه جيش الدفاع حقنا تحارب اي مرض او فيروس يدخل الجسم
And in our body, there are white blood cells, this is our army, defending us against any disease or virus that enters the body.
[01:19] كل نوع له شكل ووظيفه متخصصه
Each type has a specialized shape and function.
[01:23] الجسم كل نوع له شكل ووظيفه متخصصه يا سلام يعني كل خليه لها شغلتها الخاص
The body. Each type has a specialized shape and function. Wonderful, meaning each cell has its own specific job.
[01:26] لها شغلتها الخاص تماما لكن رغم كلها الاختلافات اساسياتها متشابهه فيها بشكل كبير
Has its own specific job. Exactly, but despite all these differences, their fundamentals are largely similar.
[01:31] متشابهه فيها بشكل كبير حلو طيب نرجع بالتاريخ شوي مين اول واحد شاف هالشيء الصغير وكيف قدر يشوفه اصلا
Largely similar. Great. Okay, let's go back in history a bit. Who was the first one to see this small thing, and how was he able to see it at all?
[01:35] شاف هالشيء الصغير وكيف قدر يشوفه اصلا القصه بدات قبل وقت طويل عام 1665
To see this small thing, and how was he able to see it at all? The story began a long time ago, in the year 1665.
[01:42] القصه بدات قبل وقت طويل عام 1665 اوه من زمان مره
The story began a long time ago, in the year 1665. Oh, a very long time ago.
[01:43] اوه من زمان مره ايه كان في عالم اسمه روبرت هوك استخدم مجهرا بسيطا جدا يعني يعتبر نعبه مقارنه بمجاهر اليوم
A very long time ago. Yes, there was a scientist named Robert Hooke who used a very simple microscope, considered primitive compared to today's microscopes.
[01:49] بمجاهر اليوم وجلس يشوف اي شيء قدامه
Compared to today's microscopes. And he started looking at anything in front of him.
[01:52] وجلس يشوف اي شيء قدامه بالضبط ومن ضمن الاشياء اللي فحصها اخذ شريحه مره رقيقه من نبات الفلين
And started looking at anything in front of him. Exactly. And among the things he examined, he took a very thin slice of cork plant.
[01:57] شريحه مره رقيقه من نبات الفلين الفلين اللي بنستخدمه الحين
A very thin slice of cork plant. The cork we use now.
[01:59] الفلين اللي بنستخدمه الحين هو نفسه ولما شافوا تحت المجهر تفاجا انه
The cork we use now. It's the same. And when he looked at it under the microscope, he was surprised that
[02:03] هو نفسه ولما شافوا تحت المجهر تفاجا انه شاف كانها حجرات صغيره فاضيه جنب بعض
It's the same, and when they looked under the microscope, he was surprised to see what looked like small empty chambers next to each other.
[02:06] شاف كانها حجرات صغيره فاضيه جنب بعض متراصه مثل خليه النحل اها ومن هناون جاء
He saw what looked like small empty chambers next to each other, arranged like a honeycomb. Aha, and from here came
[02:09] متراصه مثل خليه النحل اها ومن هناون جاء اسم خليه
Arranged like a honeycomb. Aha, and from here came the name cell.
[02:10] اسم خليه عليك نور هو اول من اطلق عليها هذا الاسم
The name cell. You're right, he was the first to give it this name.
[02:13] عليك نور هو اول من اطلق عليها هذا الاسم بس اكتشافه هذا كان مجرد البدايه صح
You're right, he was the first to give it this name. But this discovery of his was just the beginning, right?
[02:16] اكيد اكتشاف هوك فتح الباب لتطوير فكره
Certainly, Hook's discovery opened the door to developing the idea.
[02:19] اكيد اكتشاف هوك فتح الباب لتطوير فكره اكبر واهم اللي هي نظريه الخليه
Certainly, Hook's discovery opened the door to developing a bigger and more important idea, which is the cell theory.
[02:22] اكبر واهم اللي هي نظريه الخليه نظريه الخليه هذه اللي تقول ثلاث اشياء
Bigger and more important, which is the cell theory. This cell theory states three things.
[02:25] نظريه الخليه هذه اللي تقول ثلاث اشياء اساسيه
This cell theory states three basic things.
[02:26] اساسيه ممتاز نقدر نلخصها بثلاث نقاط بسيطه ووا
Basic. Excellent. We can summarize it in three simple and clear points.
[02:29] ممتاز نقدر نلخصها بثلاث نقاط بسيطه ووا واضحه اولا كل المخلوقات الحيه تتكون من
Excellent. We can summarize it in three simple and clear points. First, all living organisms are composed of
[02:34] واضحه اولا كل المخلوقات الحيه تتكون من خليه او اكثر ما فيه استثناء
Clear. First, all living organisms are composed of one or more cells. There are no exceptions.
[02:36] خليه او اكثر ما فيه استثناء تمام
One or more cells. There are no exceptions. Okay.
[02:37] تمام ثانيا الخليه هي الوحده الاساسيه للحياه
Okay. Second, the cell is the basic unit of life.
[02:41] ثانيا الخليه هي الوحده الاساسيه للحياه يعني كل العمليات الحيويه المهمه تصير
Second, the cell is the basic unit of life. Meaning all important life processes occur
[02:44] يعني كل العمليات الحيويه المهمه تصير داخلها
Meaning all important life processes occur within it.
[02:45] داخلها والنقطه الثالثه
Within it. And the third point.
[02:46] والنقطه الثالثه ثالثا وهذه مهمه جدا كل الخلايا الجديده
And the third point. Third, and this is very important, all new cells
[02:50] ثالثا وهذه مهمه جدا كل الخلايا الجديده لازم تجي من خلايا قديمه كانت موجوده
Third, and this is very important, all new cells must come from old cells that existed
[02:53] لازم تجي من خلايا قديمه كانت موجوده قبلها ما في خليه تطلع من العدم
Must come from old cells that existed before them. No cell arises from nothing.
[02:55] قبلها ما في خليه تطلع من العدم يعني الخليه تتكاثر بالانقسام
From nothing. Meaning the cell reproduces by division.
[02:58] يعني الخليه تتكاثر بالانقسام بالضبط طيب هل كل الكائنات عندها نفس عدد
Meaning the cell reproduces by division. Exactly. So, do all organisms have the same number
[03:01] بالضبط طيب هل كل الكائنات عندها نفس عدد الخلايا؟ يعني اكيد لا.
Exactly. So, do all organisms have the same number of cells? Of course not.
[03:03] الخلايا؟ يعني اكيد لا.
Cells? Meaning, definitely not.
[03:03] اكيد لا.
Definitely not.
[03:06] في مخلوقات جسمها كله على بعضه عباره عن خليه واحده بس.
There are creatures whose entire body is just a single cell.
[03:07] عباره عن خليه واحده بس.
It's just a single cell.
[03:08] خليه واحده
A single cell.
[03:08] ايه نسميها مخلوقات وحيده الخليه افضل
Yes, let's call them unicellular organisms.
[03:12] مثال عليها هو البكتيريا اصغر المخلوقات
An example of them is bacteria, the smallest creatures.
[03:15] الحيه كل حياتها اكلها وحركتها وتكاثرها
Living, all their life, their food, movement, and reproduction
[03:18] تصير فيها الخليه الواحده. سبحان الله
Occur within the single cell. Glory be to God.
[03:20] واحنا البصر طبعا العكس
And we, visually, are of course the opposite.
[03:22] العكس تماما احنا من المخلوقات عديده
Completely the opposite. We are among multicellular creatures.
[03:25] الخلايا وجسم الواحد فينا تخيلي فيه اكثر
Cells, and one of us has, imagine, more than
[03:28] من 10 ترليون خليه
10 trillion cells.
[03:30] 10 ترليون يا ساتر رقم فلكي
10 trillion, oh my, a astronomical number.
[03:34] وكل خليه من هالترليونات تشتغل وتتعاون مع
And every cell of these trillions works and cooperates with
[03:38] اللي جنبها عشان الجسم كله يقوم بوظائفه
The one next to it so that the entire body can perform its functions.
[03:41] طيب عشان نفهم الخليه من جوا كيف تشتغل ش
Okay, to understand how the cell works from the inside, what
[03:44] رايكم نتخيلها انها م كانها مخبز متكامل
Do you think we imagine it as a complete bakery?
[03:49] فكره حلوه تشبيه ممتاز عشان نبسطها
A nice idea, an excellent analogy to simplify it.
[03:52] يلا نبدا من برا المخبز له جدران صح ش
Let's start from the outside. The bakery has walls, right? What
[03:56] يقابلها في الخليه
Corresponds to it in the cell?
[03:58] يقابلها شيء اسمه الغشاء البلازمي هذا زي
It corresponds to something called the plasma membrane. This is like
[04:01] جدران المخبز او نقدر نقول زي حارس الامن
The bakery walls, or we can say, like a security guard.
[04:04] جدران المخبز او نقدر نقول زي حارس الامن اللي واقف عند الباب
The walls of the bakery, or we can say like the security guard standing at the door.
[04:06] اللي واقف عند الباب >> كيف يعني حارس امن؟
The one standing at the door. How do you mean a security guard?
[04:07] كيف يعني حارس امن؟ >> لانه يحيط بالخليه كلها ويحميها والاهم
How do you mean a security guard? Because it surrounds the entire cell and protects it, and more importantly,
[04:11] لانه يحيط بالخليه كلها ويحميها والاهم انه ينظم مين يدخل ومين يطلع مو اي شيء
Because it surrounds the entire cell and protects it, and more importantly, it regulates who enters and who leaves. Not just anything
[04:14] انه ينظم مين يدخل ومين يطلع مو اي شيء يقدر يدخل او يطلع على كيفه
That regulates who enters and who leaves. Not just anything can enter or leave as it pleases.
[04:16] يقدر يدخل او يطلع على كيفه >> يا سلام طيب اسمع احيانا عن شيء اسمه
Can enter or leave as it pleases. Wow, okay, have you ever heard of something called
[04:19] يا سلام طيب اسمع احيانا عن شيء اسمه الجدار الخلوي هذا وشه؟
Wow, okay, have you ever heard of something called the cell wall? What is that?
[04:21] الجدار الخلوي هذا وشه؟ >> ملاحظه ممتازه الجدار الخلوي هذا الزي
What is the cell wall? Excellent observation. The cell wall is like
[04:25] ملاحظه ممتازه الجدار الخلوي هذا الزي السور الاضافيه القوي حول المخبز
Excellent observation. The cell wall is like the extra strong fence around the bakery.
[04:27] السور الاضافيه القوي حول المخبز >> حمايه زياده يعني
The extra strong fence around the bakery. Extra protection, you mean?
[04:28] حمايه زياده يعني >> بالضبط ما هو موجود في كل الخلايا نلقاه
Extra protection, you mean? Exactly. It's not found in all cells. We find it
[04:31] بالضبط ما هو موجود في كل الخلايا نلقاه في خلايا النباتات والطحالب والفطريات
Exactly. It's not found in all cells. We find it in plant cells, algae, and fungi.
[04:35] في خلايا النباتات والطحالب والفطريات يعطيها دعم وحمايه اضافيه
In plant cells, algae, and fungi. It gives them additional support and protection.
[04:37] يعطيها دعم وحمايه اضافيه >> حلو طيب دخلنا المخبز الحين ش نلقا جوا
It gives them additional support and protection. Nice. Okay, we've entered the bakery now, what do we find inside?
[04:40] حلو طيب دخلنا المخبز الحين ش نلقا جوا >> اول ما تدخل بتلاقي منطقه العمل الكبيره
Nice. Okay, we've entered the bakery now, what do we find inside? As soon as you enter, you'll find the large work area.
[04:44] اول ما تدخل بتلاقي منطقه العمل الكبيره في الخليه هذه المنطقه هي السيتوبلازم ايه
As soon as you enter, you'll find the large work area in the cell. This area is the cytoplasm. Yes.
[04:48] في الخليه هذه المنطقه هي السيتوبلازم ايه هو سائل كذا يشبه الجل يملا الخليه وكل
In the cell, this area is the cytoplasm. Yes. It's a liquid, kind of like a gel, that fills the cell and all
[04:51] هو سائل كذا يشبه الجل يملا الخليه وكل الشغل يصير فيه للعلم ثلثينه تقريبا عباره
It's a liquid, kind of like a gel, that fills the cell and all the work happens in it. For your information, about two-thirds of it is
[04:54] الشغل يصير فيه للعلم ثلثينه تقريبا عباره عن مويه
The work happens in it. For your information, about two-thirds of it is water.
[04:55] عن مويه >> وفي منطقه العمل هذه في عمال ومعدات صح
Water. And in this work area, there are workers and equipment, right?
[04:59] وفي منطقه العمل هذه في عمال ومعدات صح الافران والخلاطات
And in this work area, there are workers and equipment, right? The ovens and mixers.
[05:00] الافران والخلاطات >> تمام وهذه في الخليه نسميها العضيات هي
The ovens and mixers. Okay. And these in the cell, we call them organelles. They are
[05:04] تمام وهذه في الخليه نسميها العضيات هي اجزاء صغيره متخصصه تسبح في السيتوبلازم
Okay. And these in the cell, we call them organelles. They are small, specialized parts that float in the cytoplasm.
[05:08] اجزاء صغيره متخصصه تسبح في السيتوبلازم وكل عضيه لها وظيفه معينه زي العمال
Specialized small parts swim in the cytoplasm, and each organelle has a specific function like workers.
[05:11] وكل عضيه لها وظيفه معينه زي العمال والمعدات في المخبز
And each organelle has a specific function like the workers and equipment in a bakery.
[05:12] والمعدات في المخبز حلو بس اي مخبز ناجح لازم يكون له مدير
And the equipment in the bakery. Nice, but any successful bakery must have a manager.
[05:15] حلو بس اي مخبز ناجح لازم يكون له مدير يدير كل هالشغل مين المدير في خليتنا
Nice, but any successful bakery must have a manager to manage all this work. Who is the manager in our cell?
[05:18] يدير كل هالشغل مين المدير في خليتنا المدير او مكتب المدير هو اهم جزء تقريبا
To manage all this work, who is the manager in our cell? The manager or the manager's office is almost the most important part.
[05:22] المدير او مكتب المدير هو اهم جزء تقريبا وهو النواه
The manager or the manager's office is almost the most important part, and it is the nucleus.
[05:23] وهو النواه النواه هي اللي دائما تكون دايره كبيره في
And it is the nucleus. The nucleus is always a big circle in...
[05:25] النواه هي اللي دائما تكون دايره كبيره في النص بالرسومات
The nucleus is always a big circle in the middle in drawings.
[05:27] بالضبط النواه هي مركز التحكم لان فيها
Exactly. The nucleus is the control center because it contains...
[05:30] بالضبط النواه هي مركز التحكم لان فيها شيء اسمه الماده الوراثيه او الدي ان ايه
Exactly. The nucleus is the control center because it contains something called genetic material or DNA.
[05:33] شيء اسمه الماده الوراثيه او الدي ان ايه الدي ان ايه هو اللي يحدد صفاتنا
Something called genetic material or DNA. DNA is what determines our traits.
[05:35] الدي ان ايه هو اللي يحدد صفاتنا عليك نور هو اللي يحدد كل شيء من لون
DNA is what determines our traits. Exactly, it determines everything from the color of...
[05:38] عليك نور هو اللي يحدد كل شيء من لون عيونك الى شكل اوراق الشجر في النبات هو
Exactly, it determines everything from the color of your eyes to the shape of the leaves on a plant. It is...
[05:41] عيونك الى شكل اوراق الشجر في النبات هو كتالوج التعليمات الذي ينظم كل عمليات
Your eyes to the shape of the leaves on a plant. It is the instruction catalog that organizes all the processes of...
[05:43] كتالوج التعليمات الذي ينظم كل عمليات الخليه
The instruction catalog that organizes all the processes of the cell.
[05:44] الخليه رهيب طيب والمخبز يحتاج مكان يخزن فيه
The cell. Awesome. Okay, and the bakery needs a place to store...
[05:47] رهيب طيب والمخبز يحتاج مكان يخزن فيه الطحين والسكر والاغراض مخازن وثلاجات
Awesome. Okay, and the bakery needs a place to store flour, sugar, and supplies, like storage rooms and refrigerators.
[05:50] الطحين والسكر والاغراض مخازن وثلاجات اكيد وهذه في الخليه نسميها الفجوات
Flour, sugar, and supplies, storage rooms and refrigerators. Certainly. And in the cell, we call these vacuoles.
[05:53] اكيد وهذه في الخليه نسميها الفجوات الفجوات
Certainly. And in the cell, we call these vacuoles. Vacuoles.
[05:54] الفجوات وظيفتها بالضبط زي الثلاجات والخزائن تخزن
Vacuoles. Their function is exactly like refrigerators and cabinets; they store...
[05:57] وظيفتها بالضبط زي الثلاجات والخزائن تخزن المويه والغذاء وحتى الفضلات لين يجي وقت
Their function is exactly like refrigerators and cabinets; they store water, food, and even waste until it's time...
[06:00] المويه والغذاء وحتى الفضلات لين يجي وقت التخلص منها
Water, food, and even waste until it's time to get rid of it.
[06:01] التخلص منها وفي فرق بينها في الخلايا النباتيه
Get rid of it. And there's a difference between them in plant cells.
[06:03] وفي فرق بينها في الخلايا النباتيه والحيوانيه صح
And in animal cells, right?
[06:05] والحيوانيه صح ملاحظه دقيقه في الخلايا النباتيه الفجوه
Animal cells, right? A precise observation. In plant cells, the vacuole...
[06:08] ملاحظه دقيقه في الخلايا النباتيه الفجوه تكون كبيره مره لانه النبات يحتاج يخزن كميات كبيره من الماء اما في الخليه الحيوانيه تكون اصغر ومتفرقه
A detailed note: In plant cells, the vacuole is very large because the plant needs to store large amounts of water, whereas in animal cells, it is smaller and scattered.
[06:15] الحيوانيه تكون اصغر ومتفرقه يا سلام كذا الصوره صارت واضحه عننا جدران ومنطقه عمل وعمال ومدير ومخازن بس باقي شيء مهم
Animal cells are smaller and scattered. Wow, now the picture is clear: we have walls, a work area, workers, a manager, and storage rooms, but there's still something important.
[06:24] شيء مهم المخبز يحتاج كهرباء وغاز عشان الافران تشتغل من وين تجيب الخليه طاقتها
Something important: the bakery needs electricity and gas for the ovens to work. Where does the cell get its energy?
[06:31] الافران تشتغل من وين تجيب الخليه طاقتها سؤال جوهري هنا نجي عند محطات توليد الكهرباء حقه الخليه اللي هي اليتوكوندريا
The ovens work. Where does the cell get its energy? A fundamental question here. We come to the cell's power generation stations, which are the mitochondria.
[06:37] الكهرباء حقه الخليه اللي هي اليتوكوندريا المايتوكوندريا الاسم هذا دائما يتكرر
The cell's electricity, which is the mitochondria. Mitochondria, this name is always repeated.
[06:40] لانه مهم جدا هي المسؤوله عن عمليه اسمها التنفس الخلوي
Because it is very important. It is responsible for a process called cellular respiration.
[06:45] التنفس الخلوي ش هو التنفس الخلوي ببساطه هي عمليه تحويل الطاقه المخزونه في الغذاء اللي ناكله لطاقه تقدر الخليه تستخدمها
Cellular respiration. What is cellular respiration? Simply put, it is the process of converting the energy stored in the food we eat into energy that the cell can use.
[06:53] تستخدمها كيف تصير هذه
Use it. How does this happen?
[06:54] كيف تصير هذه الميتوكوندريا تاخذ الاكسجين اللي نتنفسه وتدمجه مع الغذاء وبهالعمليه الكيميائيه تطلق طاقه على شكل عمله الخليه الخاصه
How does this happen? The mitochondria take the oxygen we breathe and combine it with food. Through this chemical process, it releases energy in the form of the cell's special currency.
[07:05] والعمليه هذه ينتج عنها فضلات
And this process produces waste products.
[07:07] نعم ينتج عنها ثاني اكسيد الكربون اللي نطلعه مع الزفير ومويه
Yes, it produces carbon dioxide, which we exhale, and water.
[07:09] نطلعه مع الزفير ومويه >> سبحان الله طيب هذا بالنسبه لنا
We exhale it with exhalation and water. Glory be to God. Okay, this is for us.
[07:13] سبحان الله طيب هذا بالنسبه لنا وللحيوانات اللي ناكل اكلنا بس عمري ما
Glory be to God. Okay, this is for us and for the animals that eat our food, but I have never.
[07:16] وللحيوانات اللي ناكل اكلنا بس عمري ما شفت شجره جالسه تاكل كيف تتغذى النباتات
And for the animals that eat our food, but I have never seen a tree eating. How do plants feed?
[07:19] شفت شجره جالسه تاكل كيف تتغذى النباتات من وين تجيب اكلها اصلا عشان تحرقه في
Seen a tree eating. How do plants feed? Where do they get their food from in the first place to burn it in.
[07:22] من وين تجيب اكلها اصلا عشان تحرقه في المايتوكوندريا
Where do they get their food from in the first place to burn it in the mitochondria?
[07:23] المايتوكوندريا >> هذه هي المعجزه الثانيه في عالم الخلايا
Mitochondria. This is the second miracle in the world of cells.
[07:25] هذه هي المعجزه الثانيه في عالم الخلايا النباتات نقدر نقول انها مصانع طبيعيه
This is the second miracle in the world of cells. Plants, we can say they are natural factories.
[07:28] النباتات نقدر نقول انها مصانع طبيعيه للطاقه الشمسيه
Plants, we can say they are natural factories for solar energy.
[07:29] للطاقه الشمسيه >> مصانع طاقه شمسيه
For solar energy. Solar energy factories.
[07:31] مصانع طاقه شمسيه >> ايه عندها عضيات خاصه لونها اخضر اسمها
Solar energy factories. Yes, they have special green organelles called.
[07:34] ايه عندها عضيات خاصه لونها اخضر اسمها البلاستيدات الخضراء وهي اللي تعطي النبات
Yes, they have special green organelles called chloroplasts, and they are what give the plant.
[07:37] البلاستيدات الخضراء وهي اللي تعطي النبات لونه الاخضر المميز
Chloroplasts, and they are what give the plant its distinctive green color.
[07:38] لونه الاخضر المميز >> اها يعني اللون الاخضر جاي من هي
Its distinctive green color. Aha, so the green color comes from them.
[07:41] اها يعني اللون الاخضر جاي من هي البلاستيدات
Aha, so the green color comes from them, the plastids.
[07:42] البلاستيدات >> تماما البلاستيدات هذه تسوي عمليه كلنا
Plastids. Exactly. These plastids perform a process we all.
[07:45] تماما البلاستيدات هذه تسوي عمليه كلنا نعرفها اسمها البناء الضوئي
Exactly. These plastids perform a process we all know called photosynthesis.
[07:47] نعرفها اسمها البناء الضوئي >> اللي تاخذ فيها ضوء الشمس
Know called photosynthesis. In which they take sunlight.
[07:48] اللي تاخذ فيها ضوء الشمس >> بالضبط تمتص طاقه الشمس وتستخدمها مع ثاني
In which they take sunlight. Exactly. They absorb solar energy and use it with second.
[07:52] بالضبط تمتص طاقه الشمس وتستخدمها مع ثاني اكسيد الكربون من الجو والمويه اللي
Exactly. They absorb solar energy and use it with carbon dioxide from the air and the water that.
[07:54] اكسيد الكربون من الجو والمويه اللي تاخذها من التربه عشان تصنع سكر الجلوكوز
Carbon dioxide from the air and the water that they take from the soil to make glucose sugar.
[07:57] تاخذها من التربه عشان تصنع سكر الجلوكوز اللي هو غذائها
They take from the soil to make glucose sugar, which is their food.
[07:58] اللي هو غذائها >> يا سلام يعني هي تصنع اكلها بنفسها
Which is their food. Wonderful. So they make their own food.
[08:01] يا سلام يعني هي تصنع اكلها بنفسها >> تصنعه بنفسها وبعد ما تصنع غذائها هذا
Wonderful. So they make their own food. They make it themselves, and after they make this food.
[08:04] تصنعه بنفسها وبعد ما تصنع غذائها هذا تستخدم اليتوكوندريا حقتها عشان تكسر
They make it themselves, and after they make this food, they use their mitochondria to break down.
[08:06] تستخدم اليتوكوندريا حقتها عشان تكسر هالغذاء وتطلع منه طاقه وقت ما تحتاجها
Use their mitochondria to break down this food and release energy when they need it.
[08:09] هالغذاء وتطلع منه طاقه وقت ما تحتاجها >> تصنع غذاء ومحطه طاقه في نفس الوقت
This food and release energy when they need it. They make food and an energy station at the same time.
[08:11] تصنع غذاء ومحطه طاقه في نفس الوقت
It makes food and an energy station at the same time.
[08:11] بالضبط مكتفيه ذاتيا بشكل مذهل
Exactly, amazingly self-sufficient.
[08:14] بالضبط مكتفيه ذاتيا بشكل مذهل
Exactly, amazingly self-sufficient.
[08:14] اذا يا جماعه كده الصوره اكتملت تعلمنا
So, everyone, the picture is complete. We learned
[08:17] اذا يا جماعه كده الصوره اكتملت تعلمنا اليوم ان الخليه هي اساس الحياه
So, everyone, the picture is complete. We learned today that the cell is the basis of life.
[08:19] اليوم ان الخليه هي اساس الحياه واكتشفناها بالمجهر من مئات السنين وشفنا
Today that the cell is the basis of life. We discovered it with a microscope hundreds of years ago and saw
[08:22] واكتشفناها بالمجهر من مئات السنين وشفنا كيف انها تشبه المخبز المتكامل بكل اقسامه
And discovered it with a microscope hundreds of years ago and saw how it resembles a complete bakery with all its departments.
[08:26] كيف انها تشبه المخبز المتكامل بكل اقسامه من اداره وعمال ومخازن وحتى محطه طاقه
How it resembles a complete bakery with all its departments, from management, workers, storage, and even an energy station.
[08:29] من اداره وعمال ومخازن وحتى محطه طاقه
From management, workers, storage, and even an energy station.
[08:29] وشفنا كيف النباتات فنانه وتصنع اكلها
And we saw how plants are artistic and make their food.
[08:32] وشفنا كيف النباتات فنانه وتصنع اكلها بنفسها من ضوء الشمس
And we saw how plants are artistic and make their food themselves from sunlight.
[08:34] بنفسها من ضوء الشمس
Themselves from sunlight.
[08:34] طيب قبل ما نختم عندنا سؤال تفاعلي لكم
Okay, before we conclude, we have an interactive question for you.
[08:37] طيب قبل ما نختم عندنا سؤال تفاعلي لكم عشان تفكرون فيه وتجاوبونا في التعليقات
Okay, before we conclude, we have an interactive question for you so you can think about it and answer us in the comments.
[08:39] عشان تفكرون فيه وتجاوبونا في التعليقات
So you can think about it and answer us in the comments.
[08:39] سؤال يقول بما ان الخليه النباتيه عندها
The question is: Since the plant cell has
[08:42] سؤال يقول بما ان الخليه النباتيه عندها مصنع غذاء اللي هو البلاستيدات الخبراء
The question is: Since the plant cell has a food factory, which is the chloroplasts,
[08:45] مصنع غذاء اللي هو البلاستيدات الخبراء وعندها محطه طاقه اللي هي الميتوكوندريا
A food factory, which is the chloroplasts, and it has an energy station, which is the mitochondria,
[08:48] وعندها محطه طاقه اللي هي الميتوكوندريا ليش الخليه الحيوانيه عندها محطه طاقه بس
And it has an energy station, which is the mitochondria, why does the animal cell only have an energy station?
[08:51] ليش الخليه الحيوانيه عندها محطه طاقه بس وما عندها مصنع غذاء ش تتوقعون كان بيصير
Why does the animal cell only have an energy station and not a food factory? What do you think would happen?
[08:54] وما عندها مصنع غذاء ش تتوقعون كان بيصير لو كان عندنا احنا كبشر بلاستيدات خضراء
And not a food factory? What do you think would happen if we humans had chloroplasts?
[08:56] لو كان عندنا احنا كبشر بلاستيدات خضراء في خلايانا
If we humans had chloroplasts in our cells,
[08:57] في خلايانا
In our cells.
[08:57] سؤال عميق ومثير للخيال صراحه ننتظر
A deep and imaginative question, honestly. We await
[09:00] سؤال عميق ومثير للخيال صراحه ننتظر اجاباتكم الابداعيه في التعليقات لا تنسون
A deep and imaginative question, honestly. We await your creative answers in the comments. Don't forget
[09:02] اجاباتكم الابداعيه في التعليقات لا تنسون الاشتراك والاعجاب ونشوفكم في تحليلنا
Your creative answers in the comments. Don't forget to subscribe and like, and we'll see you in our next analysis.
[09:05] الاشتراك والاعجاب ونشوفكم في تحليلنا الجاي
Subscribe and like, and we'll see you in our next analysis.
