# Why Did This Tiger Kill 436 People?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1FXRcnRCtc
Translation: zh-CN

[00:00] 436 people were killed by a single tiger.
  436人被同一只老虎杀害。

[00:02] For 7 years she hunted people across two countries.
  七年来，它在两个国家之间猎杀人类。

[00:05] Averaged out, that comes to more than one person every single week.
  平均算下来，这相当于每周都有超过一人遇害。

[00:09] Experienced hunters were sent to stop the tiger and they failed.
  经验丰富的猎人被派去阻止这只老虎，但他们失败了。

[00:13] An entire army was sent after her and the best it could do was chase her somewhere else.
  整支军队被派去追捕它，但能做到的最好结果也只是把它赶到别处。

[00:17] She still holds the Guinness World Record as the deadliest individual animal in recorded human history.
  它至今仍保持着吉尼斯世界纪录，是有记录的人类历史上最致命的个体动物。

[00:22] But why did any of this happen?
  但这一切究竟为何发生？

[00:25] Why would an ordinary tiger, an animal built to avoid us, start hunting people instead?
  为什么一只普通的老虎，这种天生避开人类的动物，会转而开始猎杀人类？

[00:30] A wild tiger left alone wants nothing to do with you.
  一只不被打扰的野生老虎根本不想与你产生任何交集。

[00:33] Given the choice, it will spend its entire life staying as far from people as it possibly can.
  如果有选择的话，它会用尽一生尽可能地远离人类。

[00:38] And buried inside all of this is a stranger question.
  而这一切背后还隐藏着一个更奇怪的问题。

[00:40] Was this tiger ever really the monster everyone believed she was?
  这只老虎真的如大家所相信的那样是个怪物吗？

[00:45] Her story takes place in the foothills of the Himalayas, in a region of northern India called Kumaon.
  它的故事发生在喜马拉雅山麓，印度北部一个叫库马盎的地区。

[00:52] Steep forested hills, small villages scattered far apart, and people whose entire lives were tied to those trees.
  那里有陡峭的森林山丘，零星散布的小村庄，以及一生都与这些树木紧密相连的人们。

[00:59] You went into the forest to cut your
  你走进森林去砍伐你的

[01:00] Firewood.
  柴火。

[01:02] You went in to gather grass for your livestock and to collect whatever your family needed to get through the week.
  你进去是为了给牲畜收集草料，并收集你家人度过这一周所需的一切。

[01:06] There was nothing optional about it.
  这并非可有可无。

[01:07] The forest was the kitchen, the fuel, and the paycheck all at once.
  森林既是厨房，又是燃料，还是收入来源。

[01:11] And that is exactly what made this tiger so deadly.
  而这正是这只老虎如此致命的原因。

[01:13] The people most exposed were the ones who could not stay home.
  最容易受到威胁的人是那些无法待在家里的人。

[01:17] The women and children who did the daily unglamorous work of keeping a household alive were the ones who had to walk into the trees.
  那些从事维持家庭生计的日常琐碎工作的妇女和儿童，不得不走进树林。

[01:23] And the tiger understood that.
  老虎明白这一点。

[01:25] Over time, she learned the rhythm of the villages, when the forest filled with people and when it emptied.
  随着时间的推移，它摸清了村庄的规律，知道森林何时人满为患，何时空无一人。

[01:31] Then she did something almost no man-eater ever does.
  然后它做了一件几乎没有食人兽会做的事。

[01:33] She started hunting in broad daylight.
  它开始在光天化日之下捕猎。

[01:35] Most dangerous animals hunt at night, so at least the daylight is yours.
  大多数危险的动物都在夜间捕猎，所以至少白天是属于你的。

[01:39] You lock your door, you wait for morning, and you tell yourself the daylight is safe.
  你锁上门，等待清晨，并告诉自己白天是安全的。

[01:42] The tiger erased that line.
  这只老虎打破了那条界限。

[01:44] If the sun was up and you were in the open, you were not safe and everyone knew it.
  如果太阳升起而你身处户外，你就处于危险之中，每个人都知道这一点。

[01:49] But her killings did not even start in India.
  但它的杀戮甚至不是从印度开始的。

[01:51] They began across the border in western Nepal in the final years of the 1800s.
  它们始于19世纪末边境对面的尼泊尔西部。

[01:58] At first, there was a single death, easy to explain away.
  起初，只有一起死亡事件，很容易解释过去。

[02:00] Then another, then a
  接着是第二起，然后是……

[02:02] Rhythm nobody wanted to say out loud.
  一种没人愿意大声说出来的节奏。

[02:04] For about 3 years, she moved through the Nepalese hills, and the number of dead climbed toward 200.
  在大约三年的时间里，她在尼泊尔的山区穿行，死亡人数攀升至近200人。

[02:07] People stopped traveling alone.
  人们不再独自出行。

[02:10] They stopped going out past a certain hour, and still the count kept rising because the one place they could never avoid was the one place she was waiting.
  他们不再在特定时间之后外出，但死亡人数仍在不断上升，因为他们无法避开的地方正是她守候的地方。

[02:18] Eventually, the authorities in Nepal ran out of options and sent in an organized force of men to drive her out for good.
  最终，尼泊尔当局别无选择，派遣了一支有组织的武装力量将她彻底驱逐。

[02:24] They never killed her.
  他们从未杀死她。

[02:25] They never even managed to corner her.
  他们甚至没能将她逼入绝境。

[02:27] All they did was push her across the river that formed the border.
  他们所做的只是将她驱赶过了作为边界的河流。

[02:29] So, the nightmare did not end that day.
  因此，噩梦在那一天并没有结束。

[02:30] It just changed countries.
  它只是换了个国家。

[02:32] But, her deadliest years were still ahead of her.
  但是，她最致命的岁月还在后头。

[02:34] The tiger crossed into India, into the district of Kumaon, and carried the killing across the border with her.
  这只老虎进入了印度，来到了库马盎地区，并将杀戮也一并带过了边境。

[02:40] What she did to Kumaon over the next 4 years is hard to imagine from the safety of a modern life.
  在现代生活的安全保障下，很难想象她在接下来的四年里对库马盎做了什么。

[02:46] An entire district simply stopped.
  整个地区陷入了停滞。

[02:49] When word spread that she was near, whole villages fell quiet in the middle of the day.
  当她就在附近的消息传开时，整个村庄在白天都变得鸦雀无声。

[02:52] People shut their doors.
  人们关上了门。

[02:54] They stopped going into the fields.
  他们不再去田里干活。

[02:56] You could walk into one of these places and see no one at all.
  你走进这些地方，一个人影也见不到。

[02:58] Just abandoned paths, the sound of the wind, and the constant
  只有荒废的小径、风声，以及持续不断的（威胁）。

[03:02] Feeling of being watched from the tree line.
  感觉被树林里注视着。

[03:04] The worst part was never knowing.
  最糟糕的部分是永远无法预知。

[03:07] You never heard her coming.
  你永远听不到她靠近的声音。

[03:08] A healthy tiger moves through dense brush without a sound, and the terror lived inside that silence, in the thin space between being fine and being gone.
  一只健康的虎在茂密的灌木丛中穿行时悄无声息，而恐惧就存在于那种寂静之中，存在于安然无恙与瞬间消失之间那微小的缝隙里。

[03:16] The government put a price on her.
  政府悬赏捉拿她。

[03:18] A reward worth more than most people in those hills would earn in years, and the reward did what rewards do.
  这份赏金比那些山里大多数人多年赚的还要多，而赏金发挥了它应有的作用。

[03:21] It pulled in seasoned, well-known hunters.
  它吸引了经验丰富、名声在外的猎人。

[03:24] They came one after another.
  他们一个接一个地来了。

[03:26] They set their traps.
  他们设下了陷阱。

[03:28] They sat their long nights, and they went home with nothing.
  他们熬过漫漫长夜，却一无所获地回了家。

[03:32] By now, the tiger had been hunted for years and had learned every lesson those years could teach.
  到那时，这只虎已经被猎捕多年，并学会了这些年所能教给它的一切教训。

[03:35] She knew the feel of a baited trap and could sense the presence of men who had come to kill her.
  她知道诱饵陷阱的感觉，并能察觉到那些前来杀她的人的存在。

[03:40] Then, a young man volunteered, an ordinary man who had grown up in these hills and knew them better than almost anyone.
  这时，一个年轻人自告奋勇，他是一个在这些山里长大、比几乎任何人都更了解这里的普通人。

[03:47] When people mentioned the reward, he refused it.
  当人们提到赏金时，他拒绝了。

[03:49] He did not want the money.
  他不想要钱。

[03:51] He took the job because people were dying, and he believed he could help.
  他接下这份工作是因为有人在死去，而他相信自己能提供帮助。

[03:54] He began with a four-day trek on foot through thick forest just to reach the town where the tiger had last been seen.
  他先是徒步穿越了四天的茂密森林，才到达最后一次发现虎踪迹的城镇。

[04:00] When he arrived, he found the detail that told him how bad it truly was.
  当他到达时，他发现了一个细节，让他意识到情况到底有多糟糕。

[04:02] The town was...
  那个城镇……

[04:05] Full of homes, but no one was out among them.
  到处都是房屋，但外面却空无一人。

[04:07] The people were sealed inside and they told him the tiger had been heard in the nearby jungle for days.
  人们被封锁在屋内，他们告诉他，这只老虎已经在附近的丛林里出没好几天了。

[04:12] The attack that had finally brought him here took a young woman named Premka Devi.
  最终将他引到这里的袭击夺走了一位名叫普雷姆卡·德维的年轻女子的生命。

[04:16] She had walked into the forest that morning to do the same chores everyone did.
  那天早上，她像往常一样走进森林去做家务。

[04:19] She never came back and from there he did the only thing left to do.
  她再也没有回来，从那一刻起，他做了唯一能做的事。

[04:21] He picked up the tiger's trail and followed it into the forest.
  他找到了老虎的踪迹，并一路追踪进了森林。

[04:25] In the jungle, the animals always know first.
  在丛林里，动物总是最先察觉到危险。

[04:27] When the monkeys start screaming and the birds scatter into the sky, something is moving below.
  当猴子开始尖叫，鸟儿四散飞向天空时，说明下面有东西在移动。

[04:32] Every hunter learns to read that sound because by the time you see a tiger, it is usually too late.
  每个猎人都学会了解读这种声音，因为当你真正看到老虎时，通常已经太晚了。

[04:38] He built a plan around the only advantage he had, which was people.
  他围绕自己唯一的优势——人，制定了一个计划。

[04:42] He asked the villagers to spread out and make noise, to shout, to bang on metal, anything that would flood the forest with human sound and push the tiger toward him.
  他要求村民们散开并制造噪音，大声呼喊、敲击金属，任何能让森林充斥人类声音并把老虎逼向他的方法都可以。

[04:50] Then he positioned himself near the edge of the forest where the trees broke open into grassland betting everything on where she would step out.
  然后，他将自己安置在森林边缘，树木在那里开阔成草地，他把一切都赌在了老虎会出现的地方。

[04:58] The plan almost collapsed.
  计划差点失败了。

[05:00] The villagers started their noise too soon and all at once he was running, slipping over rocks and roots, fighting to reach the open ground.
  村民们太早开始制造噪音，他立刻奔跑起来，在岩石和树根上滑倒，拼命想要到达开阔地。

[05:06] Before she got there first.
  在她先到达那里之前。

[05:08] He arrived out of breath, certain he had already lost his chance.
  他气喘吁吁地赶到，确信自己已经失去了机会。

[05:12] For a moment he just waited there forcing his breathing to slow and then the tiger walked out of the trees in exactly the place he guessed she would.
  他只是在那里等了一会儿，强迫自己放慢呼吸，然后那只老虎就从树林里走了出来，正好出现在他预料的位置。

[05:18] His first shot struck her as she moved.
  他的第一枪在她移动时击中了她。

[05:23] The second went wide and as she turned and came straight toward him, he fired one final time.
  第二枪打偏了，当她转身径直朝他冲过来时，他开了最后一枪。

[05:27] She dropped into the grass and for the first time in seven years the forest went quiet in the way that meant it was finally over.
  她倒在草地上，七年来森林第一次变得安静，这意味着一切终于结束了。

[05:33] Then he examined her body and found the reason behind seven years of terror and 436 lost lives.
  随后他检查了她的尸体，发现了七年恐怖和四百三十六条生命逝去背后的原因。

[05:41] On one side of her mouth, the long canine teeth were broken.
  在她嘴的一侧，长长的犬齿断了。

[05:46] The upper one was snapped in half, the lower one was shattered down to the bone.
  上犬齿断成两半，下犬齿碎到了骨头里。

[05:48] It was an old injury.
  那是一处旧伤。

[05:50] Years before she had ever harmed a single person, someone had shot her.
  在她伤害任何人之前的几年前，有人开枪射击了她。

[05:54] The bullet had not killed her.
  那颗子弹并没有杀死她。

[05:56] It had done something that was arguably worse.
  它造成了某种可以说更糟糕的后果。

[05:57] It had destroyed the tools she needed to live as a tiger.
  它摧毁了她作为老虎生存所必需的工具。

[05:59] A tiger hunts with those teeth.
  老虎是用那些牙齿捕猎的。

[06:01] They are how it brings down the fast, powerful prey that a healthy tiger survives on.
  它们是老虎用来捕获健康老虎赖以生存的那些快速、强壮猎物的工具。

[06:06] With half her mouth
  由于半边嘴（受损）

[06:08] In ruins, that prey moved out of reach.
  在废墟中，那些猎物移到了够不着的地方。

[06:10] Every deer was suddenly too quick.
  每一只鹿突然都变得太快了。

[06:13] Every wild animal too much of a fight for a mouth that could no longer do its job.
  对于一张无法再履行其功能的嘴来说，每一只野生动物都太难对付了。

[06:16] She was injured.
  她受伤了。

[06:16] She was starving.
  她在挨饿。

[06:19] And she was surrounded by the one kind of prey that was slow, that could not fight back, and that never ran quite fast enough to get away.
  而且她被一种猎物包围了，这种猎物行动缓慢，无法反击，而且从来跑得不够快，无法逃脱。

[06:25] People.
  人类。

[06:27] She did not become a killer because something inside her was evil.
  她之所以成为杀手，并不是因为她内心有什么邪恶的东西。

[06:29] She became a killer because a human being, years earlier, had taken away every other way she had to eat.
  她成为杀手是因为多年前，一个人夺走了她所有其他的觅食途径。

[06:38] The young hunter understood that, and it changed the entire direction of his life.
  年轻的猎人理解了这一点，这改变了他整个人生的方向。

[06:42] He kept tracking man-eaters because someone had to, and he became the man officials called whenever an animal began hunting a village.
  他继续追踪食人动物，因为总得有人去做，每当有动物开始袭击村庄时，他便成了官员们第一个想到的人。

[06:50] But over and over he found the same thing.
  但一次又一次，他发现了同样的情况。

[06:52] These animals were almost never born wrong.
  这些动物几乎从来不是天生就有问题的。

[06:54] They were made wrong.
  它们是被迫变成这样的。

[06:57] A bullet, an old wound, and always people pushing deeper into land that had once been wild.
  一颗子弹，一道旧伤，还有总是不断深入曾经荒野之地的人们。

[07:02] So in time, he set down the rifle and picked up a camera.
  所以后来，他放下了步枪，拿起了相机。

[07:05] He spent his later years fighting to protect the very animals he had once been sent to destroy.
  他晚年致力于保护那些他曾经被派去消灭的动物。

[07:07] Today,
  今天，

[07:09] The most famous tiger reserve in India carries his name.
  印度最著名的老虎保护区以他的名字命名。

[07:13] It was the first national park the country ever created.
  这是该国建立的第一个国家公园。

[07:15] Every year travelers come to it hoping for one honest glimpse of a wild tiger, protected and left in peace.
  每年都有游客来到这里，希望能亲眼目睹一只受到保护、安宁生活的野生老虎。

[07:22] The hunter's name was Jim Corbett, and the tiger he stopped in 1907 is still remembered as the deadliest animal that ever lived.
  这位猎人的名字叫吉姆·科比特，而他在1907年猎杀的那只老虎至今仍被认为是史上最致命的动物。

[07:28] But when you trace her story all the way back, past the number, and past the army that could not stop her, back to where it started, you do not find a monster.
  但当你追溯她的故事，越过那些数字，越过那支无法阻止她的军队，回到一切开始的地方，你并不会发现一个怪物。

[07:36] You find an animal that was only trying to survive.
  你只会发现一只仅仅是在努力生存的动物。

[07:40] A person crippled her long before she ever became a killer, and in the end, we were the only prey she had left.
  早在她成为杀手之前，就有人让她残废了，最终，我们成了她仅剩的猎物。

[07:46] The hills she once haunted are protected land now.
  她曾经出没的山丘现在已成为保护区。

[07:48] The tigers living in them are counted, watched over, and kept at a safe distance from the villages at their edges.
  生活在其中的老虎受到统计和看护，并与边缘的村庄保持着安全的距离。

[07:53] And somewhere in that quiet she was never given, they get to be the one thing she was never allowed to be, simply tigers.
  在那种她从未得到过的宁静中，它们得以成为她从未被允许成为的东西——仅仅是老虎。