# الدحيح | الجاسوس الذي غير مجرى التاريخ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pyzFvZLuGA
Translation: pt-BR

[00:01] Another one, please.
  Mais um, por favor.

[00:01] Actually, make that two.
  Na verdade, faça dois.

[00:06] Professor Hans and I love this drink.
  O Professor Hans e eu amamos esta bebida.

[00:09] How did you know my name?
  Como você sabia meu nome?

[00:09] Aren't you surprised I knew your drink?
  Você não está surpreso que eu sabia sua bebida?

[00:13] All Germans love this drink.
  Todos os alemães amam esta bebida.

[00:15] You're right.
  Você está certo.

[00:15] But not all Germans
  Mas nem todos os alemães

[00:19] applied for an apartment in Berlin.
  se candidataram a um apartamento em Berlim.

[00:23] How did you know that?!
  Como você sabia disso?!

[00:23] I know everything about you, Hans.
  Eu sei tudo sobre você, Hans.

[00:27] Or should I call you Abbas?
  Ou devo te chamar de Abbas?

[00:27] What the hell?!
  Que diabos?!

[00:30] You know?
  Você sabe?

[00:30] You know I'm a…
  Você sabe que eu sou um...

[00:30] A spy, just like me.
  Um espião, assim como eu.

[00:35] Everyone in this bar is a spy.
  Todo mundo neste bar é um espião.

[00:38] Think of it as a lounge where we come to kick back.
  Pense nisso como um lounge onde viemos para relaxar.

[00:43] What do you want?
  O que você quer?

[00:45] I want to make you a double agent.
  Eu quero te transformar em um agente duplo.

[00:45] But I already am a double agent.
  Mas eu já sou um agente duplo.

[00:48] I pretend to be a German spy, but I'm actually an Egyptian spy.
  Eu finjo ser um espião alemão, mas na verdade sou um espião egípcio.

[00:51] I know that.
  Eu sei disso.

[00:51] I just want you to become a double-double agent.
  Eu só quero que você se torne um agente duplo-duplo.

[00:59] Basically, I want…
  Basicamente, eu quero...

[01:01] I want to double the double, so you'd be 4D.
  Eu quero dobrar o dobro, então você seria 4D.

[01:05] I don't get it.
  Eu não entendo.

[01:05] It's like you're speaking Chinese!
  É como se você estivesse falando chinês!

[01:10] Ever heard of network marketing?
  Você já ouviu falar de marketing de rede?

[01:10] No.
  Não.

[01:13] It's simple.
  É simples.

[01:13] You recruit two spies,
  Você recruta dois espiões,

[01:16] and each spy recruits two more.
  e cada espião recruta mais dois.

[01:18] Before long, you've got a tree.
  Em pouco tempo, você tem uma árvore.

[01:18] A tree?
  Uma árvore?

[01:21] You want us to plant a garden?
  Você quer que a gente plante um jardim?

[01:21] I want to build a spy network.
  Eu quero construir uma rede de espionagem.

[01:25] What exactly do you need from me?
  O que exatamente você precisa de mim?

[01:26] I need a Polish spy and a Japanese spy.
  Eu preciso de um espião polonês e um espião japonês.

[01:30] If you can recruit both, that'd be great.
  Se você conseguir recrutar ambos, seria ótimo.

[01:32] All I've got now are Egyptian spies.
  Tudo o que tenho agora são espiões egípcios.

[01:35] That's fine too.
  Isso também serve.

[01:35] Just write down your details.
  Apenas anote seus detalhes.

[01:39] Hey, Spy Jack!
  Ei, Agente Jack!

[01:39] Have you heard of network spying?
  Você já ouviu falar de espionagem em rede?

[01:43] Join us!
  Junte-se a nós!

[01:51] Hello dear viewers and welcome to a new episode of The Economic Investigator.
  Olá, queridos espectadores, e bem-vindos a um novo episódio de O Investigador Econômico.

[01:55] That was a strategic deception.
  Aquilo foi um engano estratégico.

[01:56] Today's episode comes from the files of Soviet intelligence.
  O episódio de hoje vem dos arquivos da inteligência soviética.

[02:03] In 1961, the French director Yves Ciampi released a film titled 'Who Are You, Mr. Sorge?'
  Em 1961, o diretor francês Yves Ciampi lançou um filme intitulado 'Quem é Você, Sr. Sorge?'

[02:11] The film tells the story of a Soviet spy named Richard Sorge.
  O filme conta a história de um espião soviético chamado Richard Sorge.

[02:14] When the film was submitted to the Moscow Film Festival, it was rejected immediately.
  Quando o filme foi submetido ao Festival de Cinema de Moscou, foi rejeitado imediatamente.

[02:21] But the Soviet ambassador in France obtained a copy and showed it to Nikita Khrushchev himself.
  Mas o embaixador soviético na França obteve uma cópia e a mostrou ao próprio Nikita Khrushchev.

[02:27] At the time, Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union.
  Na época, Khrushchev era o líder da União Soviética.

[02:31] Khrushchev was puzzled.
  Khrushchev ficou intrigado.

[02:33] The film doesn't insult the Soviets at all.
  O filme não ofende os soviéticos de forma alguma.

[02:36] On the contrary, it portrays Sorge as a legendary spy, whose efforts helped defeat the Nazis in World War II.
  Pelo contrário, retrata Sorge como um espião lendário, cujos esforços ajudaram a derrotar os nazistas na Segunda Guerra Mundial.

[02:42] The film was released in Moscow, and it was a great hit.
  O filme foi lançado em Moscou e foi um grande sucesso.

[02:46] For the first time in Soviet history, cinema tickets were sold on the black market.
  Pela primeira vez na história soviética, ingressos de cinema foram vendidos no mercado negro.

[02:50] Everyone wanted to watch it.
  Todos queriam assisti-lo.

[02:51] But Khrushchev's enthusiasm soon turned into shock.
  Mas o entusiasmo de Khrushchev logo se transformou em choque.

[02:55] He thought they were talking about some genius spy, a movie star, 007, a fictional character, a super spy, a handsome man with a license to kill, like Bond.
  Ele pensou que estavam falando de algum espião genial, uma estrela de cinema, 007, um personagem fictício, um super espião, um homem bonito com licença para matar, como Bond.

[03:02] James Bond.
  James Bond.

[03:05] However, Sorge wasn't fictional at all.
  No entanto, Sorge não era nada fictício.

[03:09] He was a real person, a hero who had saved the world.
  Ele era uma pessoa real, um herói que havia salvado o mundo.

[03:12] Khrushchev wondered, "How can I be head of the Soviet Union and knew nothing about this man?
  Khrushchev se perguntou: "Como posso ser chefe da União Soviética e não saber nada sobre este homem?

[03:16] How did the French make a film about one of our heroes while millions of Soviets know nothing about him?"
  Como os franceses fizeram um filme sobre um de nossos heróis enquanto milhões de soviéticos não sabem nada sobre ele?"

[03:20] Khrushchev immediately ordered the KGB to dig through their archives.
  Khrushchev imediatamente ordenou que a KGB vasculhasse seus arquivos.

[03:24] And they found another surprise.
  E eles encontraram outra surpresa.

[03:25] Khrushchev confirmed that Sorge had indeed been a Soviet spy whose efforts changed the course of the war and history.
  Khrushchev confirmou que Sorge de fato havia sido um espião soviético cujos esforços mudaram o curso da guerra e da história.

[03:31] On November 5, 1964, Khrushchev posthumously awarded Richard Sorge the title Hero of the Soviet Union, making him the first civilian to receive the honor.
  Em 5 de novembro de 1964, Khrushchev concedeu postumamente a Richard Sorge o título de Herói da União Soviética, tornando-o o primeiro civil a receber a honra.

[03:40] In 1965, his image was printed on the Honor Stamp.
  Em 1965, sua imagem foi impressa no Selo de Honra.

[03:44] If you go to Moscow today, you'll find a street named after him and statues honoring his memory as a national hero.
  Se você for a Moscou hoje, encontrará uma rua com o nome dele e estátuas homenageando sua memória como um herói nacional.

[03:49] Despite serving the Soviet Union, Sorge earned the respect of intelligence agencies worldwide.
  Apesar de servir à União Soviética, Sorge conquistou o respeito de agências de inteligência em todo o mundo.

[03:54] He was even described as master spy of the 20th century.
  Ele foi até descrito como o mestre espião do século 20.

[03:57] In his book 'Master Spy', Owen Matthews says Sorge was one of a kind.
  Em seu livro 'Master Spy', Owen Matthews diz que Sorge era único.

[04:01] One person played a great role in the collapse of Nazism.
  Uma pessoa desempenhou um grande papel no colapso do Nazismo.

[04:04] Khrushchev rescued Sorge from the forgotten archives
  Khrushchev resgatou Sorge dos arquivos esquecidos

[04:07] And turned him into a role model for young Soviets.
  E o transformou em um modelo para os jovens soviéticos.

[04:10] After that, Sorge's story would never fade away.
  Depois disso, a história de Sorge nunca mais desapareceria.

[04:12] In fact, he would change history once again even after his death.
  De fato, ele mudaria a história mais uma vez, mesmo após sua morte.

[04:15] He inspired a sharp generation that would later annoy the hell out of Zelenski,
  Ele inspirou uma geração perspicaz que mais tarde irritaria profundamente Zelenski,

[04:19] Vladimir Putin and his fellow Russian bears.
  Vladimir Putin e seus colegas ursos russos.

[04:21] In an interview with the media,
  Em uma entrevista com a mídia,

[04:23] Vladimir Putin said that stories like Sorge's encouraged him to join the KGB.
  Vladimir Putin disse que histórias como a de Sorge o encorajaram a ingressar na KGB.

[04:28] We mentioned in Putin's episode how fascinated he was
  Mencionamos no episódio de Putin o quão fascinado ele estava

[04:30] by the idea of the super-spy.
  pela ideia do superespião.

[04:31] When he applied to work for the KGB
  Quando ele se candidatou para trabalhar na KGB

[04:33] and they said that wasn't how it worked.
  e eles disseram que não era assim que funcionava.

[04:35] "We choose the people we want to work with."
  "Nós escolhemos as pessoas com quem queremos trabalhar."

[04:37] Putin said and I quote:
  Putin disse, e eu cito:

[04:39] "How can one man achieve what entire armies failed to accomplish?"
  "Como um homem pode alcançar o que exércitos inteiros falharam em realizar?"

[04:43] "We get it, Abo Hmeed. He was a spy who changed history.
  "Entendemos, Abo Hmeed. Ele foi um espião que mudou a história.

[04:46] Now what's next? Take me back in time and to god knows where.
  Agora, o que vem a seguir? Leve-me de volta no tempo e para sabe-se lá onde.

[04:50] I'll stay with you… till I fall asleep."
  Ficarei com você... até adormecer."

[04:53] How did someone this significant vanish from memory completely
  Como alguém tão significativo desapareceu completamente da memória

[04:57] to the point that even the Soviet leader didn't know about him?
  a ponto de nem mesmo o líder soviético saber sobre ele?

[05:01] To answer that, we need to go back to the beginning, to 1895.
  Para responder a isso, precisamos voltar ao início, a 1895.

[05:05] Richard Sorge was born in Azerbaijan,
  Richard Sorge nasceu no Azerbaijão,

[05:07] which was then part of the Russian Empire.
  que fazia então parte do Império Russo.

[05:09] His father was a German mining engineer, and his mother was Russian.
  Seu pai era um engenheiro de minas alemão e sua mãe era russa.

[05:13] When he was 3 years old, the family moved to Berlin.
  Quando ele tinha 3 anos, a família mudou-se para Berlim.

[05:18] Sorge had a happy childhood.
  Sorge teve uma infância feliz.

[05:19] He knew neither fear nor poverty.
  Ele não conhecia nem o medo nem a pobreza.

[05:21] His family was well-off, and had never experienced real hardship.
  Sua família era abastada e nunca havia passado por dificuldades reais.

[05:24] Everything changed, however, when World War I broke out in 1915.
  Tudo mudou, no entanto, quando a Primeira Guerra Mundial eclodiu em 1915.

[05:28] Sorge enthusiastically volunteered to join the army.
  Sorge se voluntariou entusiasticamente para se juntar ao exército.

[05:30] What he imagined as a romantic adventure soon became a nightmare.
  O que ele imaginava como uma aventura romântica logo se tornou um pesadelo.

[05:33] For the first time in his life, he was among millions of soldiers
  Pela primeira vez em sua vida, ele estava entre milhões de soldados

[05:35] from poor and working-class backgrounds.
  de origens pobres e da classe trabalhadora.

[05:37] He'd never crossed paths with them.
  Ele nunca havia cruzado o caminho deles.

[05:39] Thousands of young men died beside him, and he kept wondering:
  Milhares de jovens morreram ao seu lado, e ele continuava se perguntando:

[05:42] "Why are we fighting this war?"
  "Por que estamos lutando nesta guerra?"

[05:43] Despite everything, Sorge fought bravely
  Apesar de tudo, Sorge lutou bravamente

[05:46] and was awarded the Iron Cross.
  e foi condecorado com a Cruz de Ferro.

[05:48] Yet his questions only multiplied.
  No entanto, suas perguntas apenas se multiplicaram.

[05:50] Serving on the Eastern Front with the German army,
  Servindo na Frente Oriental com o exército alemão,

[05:53] he found himself fighting for his father's homeland
  ele se viu lutando pela terra natal de seu pai

[05:55] and killing thousands from the homeland of his mother.
  e matando milhares da terra natal de sua mãe.

[05:57] His father was German. His mother was Russian.
  Seu pai era alemão. Sua mãe era russa.

[05:59] It was the ultimate family clasico.
  Foi o clássico familiar definitivo.

[06:00] They solved marital disputes at the League of Nations.
  Eles resolveram disputas conjugais na Liga das Nações.

[06:03] They signed a manifesto not a prenup.
  Eles assinaram um manifesto, não um acordo pré-nupcial.

[06:04] Back to Sorge.
  Voltando a Sorge.

[06:05] During the war, he suffered a shrapnel wound to his left leg.
  Durante a guerra, ele sofreu um ferimento por estilhaços na perna esquerda.

[06:08] The wound forced him to leave the army.
  A ferida o forçou a deixar o exército.

[06:10] And before you feel too sorry for him,
  E antes que você sinta muita pena dele,

[06:12] let me tell you that his fate was better than his brothers who died in the field.
  deixe-me dizer que seu destino foi melhor do que o de seus irmãos que morreram no campo.

[06:15] When the war finally ended, Sorge became one of 21 million wounded survivors.
  Quando a guerra finalmente terminou, Sorge se tornou um dos 21 milhões de sobreviventes feridos.

[06:20] An entire generation was destroyed.
  Uma geração inteira foi destruída.

[06:21] That generation described the war as a kindermord: massacre of the innocents.
  Aquela geração descreveu a guerra como um kindermord: massacre dos inocentes.

[06:25] That massacre took away their souls and innocence.
  Aquele massacre tirou suas almas e inocência.

[06:28] As he recovered from his injuries,
  Enquanto ele se recuperava de seus ferimentos,

[06:29] Sorge didn't see the war as the last chapter.
  Sorge não viu a guerra como o último capítulo.

[06:31] He saw it as a new beginning.
  Ele a viu como um novo começo.

[06:33] The war had changed him, and he intended to change the world.
  A guerra o havia mudado, e ele pretendia mudar o mundo.

[06:36] Interestingly, in a nearby hospital,
  Interessantemente, em um hospital próximo,

[06:38] another wounded corporal was recovering: Adolf Hitler.
  outro cabo ferido estava se recuperando: Adolf Hitler.

[06:43] He belonged to the same generation and had suffered similar wounds.
  Ele pertencia à mesma geração e havia sofrido ferimentos semelhantes.

[06:45] In 'My Struggle', Hitler described the experience:
  Em 'Minha Luta', Hitler descreveu a experiência:

[06:47] "A hatred grew in me for those responsible.
  "Um ódio cresceu em mim por aqueles que eram responsáveis.

[06:49] In the days that followed, my own fate became known to me
  Nos dias que se seguiram, meu próprio destino se tornou conhecido para mim

[06:51] I decided to go into politics."
  Decidi entrar para a política."

[06:53] These men might have fought the same war against the same enemies,
  Esses homens podem ter lutado a mesma guerra contra os mesmos inimigos,

[06:57] even if they never crossed paths.
  mesmo que nunca tenham cruzado caminhos.

[06:59] Yet they would both go on to reshape the world even though they were enemies.
  No entanto, ambos iriam remodelar o mundo, mesmo que fossem inimigos.

[07:03] He's a Soviet hero whom the whole world celebrates,
  Ele é um herói soviético que o mundo inteiro celebra,

[07:05] but up till now, he's still a soldier fighting on the same side as Hitler.
  mas até agora, ele ainda é um soldado lutando do mesmo lado que Hitler.

[07:08] How does that man end up there?
  Como aquele homem foi parar ali?

[07:08] Queue my inner Scorsese.
  Chame meu Scorsese interior.

[07:08] Brace yourself.
  Prepare-se.

[07:12] While Hitler made his way into politics through force,
  Enquanto Hitler entrou para a política pela força,

[07:15] Sorge would also change the world through politics but through knowledge.
  Sorge também mudaria o mundo através da política, mas através do conhecimento.

[07:19] In 1919, he earned a doctorate in political science
  Em 1919, ele obteve um doutorado em ciências políticas

[07:24] from the University of Hamburg.
  pela Universidade de Hamburgo.

[07:24] Yet what Sorge learned from life was far more valuable.
  No entanto, o que Sorge aprendeu com a vida foi muito mais valioso.

[07:28] Sorge returned to Germany and found his country drowning in debt after the war.
  Sorge retornou à Alemanha e encontrou seu país afogando-se em dívidas após a guerra.

[07:33] The Treaty of Versailles only made things worse.
  O Tratado de Versalhes apenas piorou as coisas.

[07:36] Inflation in Germany skyrocketed to 700%.
  A inflação na Alemanha disparou para 700%.

[07:38] The beautiful country Sorge once knew had become
  O belo país que Sorge conheceu um dia havia se tornado

[07:44] a land of the unemployed, the beggars, and the starving.
  uma terra de desempregados, mendigos e famintos.

[07:44] Many Germans fled to the countryside and looted farms.
  Muitos alemães fugiram para o campo e saquearam fazendas.

[07:47] Hunger brings out the worst in people, my friend.
  A fome traz o pior das pessoas, meu amigo.

[07:49] Sorge was a young man like any other,
  Sorge era um jovem como qualquer outro,

[07:55] seeing the bad situation his country's in, all the poverty and hunger,
  vendo a má situação em que seu país se encontrava, toda a pobreza e fome,

[07:55] he thought he could solve it.
  ele pensou que poderia resolvê-la.

[07:58] "Communism is the answer.
  "O comunismo é a resposta.

[07:58] All for one and one for all.
  Um por todos e todos por um.

[08:01] Wealth should be shared among everyone.
  A riqueza deve ser compartilhada entre todos.

[08:04] Comrade, oh dear Comrade."
  Camarada, oh querido Camarada."

[08:05] Sorge believed communism was the only way out.
  Sorge acreditava que o comunismo era a única saída.

[08:08] We're struggling from inflation and capitalism's suffocating grip.
  Estamos lutando contra a inflação e o aperto sufocante do capitalismo.

[08:11] World War I had different effects on Sorge and Hitler.
  A Primeira Guerra Mundial teve efeitos diferentes em Sorge e Hitler.

[08:14] Unlike Sorge, Hitler loved war.
  Ao contrário de Sorge, Hitler amava a guerra.

[08:14] He discovered his true self.
  Ele descobriu seu verdadeiro eu.

[08:17] Sorge hated it.
  Sorge a odiava.

[08:19] When he looked around, he saw the Bolshevik revolutionaries
  Quando olhou ao redor, viu os revolucionários bolcheviques

[08:22] who had withdrawn from the war first.
  que haviam se retirado da guerra primeiro.

[08:26] They viewed it as a pointless conflict between empires fighting each other
  Eles a viam como um conflito inútil entre impérios lutando uns contra os outros

[08:30] while the poor workers paid the price.
  enquanto os trabalhadores pobres pagavam o preço.

[08:33] That's exactly how Sorge felt.
  Era exatamente assim que Sorge se sentia.

[08:35] What am I doing in these trenches?
  O que estou fazendo nestas trincheiras?

[08:37] While Hitler was rebuilding the army preparing for another war
  Enquanto Hitler estava reconstruindo o exército, preparando-se para outra guerra

[08:40] that'll restore Germany's glory.
  que restaurará a glória da Alemanha.

[08:42] Sorge looked at communism and thought,
  Sorge olhou para o comunismo e pensou,

[08:44] What a remarkable idea.
  Que ideia notável.

[08:44] If it spreads, it won't just create a state,
  Se se espalhar, não criará apenas um estado,

[08:47] it'll create a global community.
  criará uma comunidade global.

[08:49] A community that could never go to war, because everyone in it would be equal.
  Uma comunidade que nunca poderia ir à guerra, porque todos nela seriam iguais.

[08:52] In 1919, Sorge joined the German Communist Party.
  Em 1919, Sorge ingressou no Partido Comunista Alemão.

[08:56] He even led what were known as fighting units,
  Ele até liderou o que eram conhecidas como unidades de combate,

[08:58] groups that roamed Germany's destroyed streets
  grupos que vagavam pelas ruas destruídas da Alemanha

[09:00] trying to recruit people to communism.
  tentando recrutar pessoas para o comunismo.

[09:03] Communism will solve all our problems.
  O comunismo resolverá todos os nossos problemas.

[09:05] To prove his loyalty to communism, and his willingness to live by its principles,
  Para provar sua lealdade ao comunismo e sua disposição de viver por seus princípios,

[09:09] Dr. Sorge, the political scientist, worked in a mine.
  Dr. Sorge, o cientista político, trabalhou em uma mina.

[09:14] Besides, he was mobilizing workers there.
  Além disso, ele estava mobilizando trabalhadores lá.

[09:18] "Honestly, Abo Hmeed, you've talked and talked about the Soviets or Nazis, I can't listen to you talk about activists, communism and all that anymore.
  "Honestamente, Abo Hmeed, você falou e falou sobre os soviéticos ou nazistas, não aguento mais ouvir você falar sobre ativistas, comunismo e tudo isso.

[09:25] Talk about spies, secret ink, secret meetings, Morse code, that whole spy story bit.
  Fale sobre espiões, tinta secreta, reuniões secretas, código Morse, toda aquela história de espionagem.

[09:28] Come on, spit it out."
  Vamos lá, desembucha."

[09:31] Be patient, my friend.
  Tenha paciência, meu amigo.

[09:31] I'll tell you everything you need to know.
  Eu vou te contar tudo o que você precisa saber.

[09:35] The real masterpiece comes later in the episode: Mohsen Momtaz.
  A verdadeira obra-prima vem mais tarde no episódio: Mohsen Momtaz.

[09:37] I know Gen Z viewers think I'm having a stroke.
  Eu sei que os espectadores da Geração Z acham que estou tendo um derrame.

[09:39] Anyway, Sorge went to Moscow, just like thousands of other communists.
  De qualquer forma, Sorge foi para Moscou, assim como milhares de outros comunistas.

[09:42] By the mid '20s, he traveled to the homeland of the global revolution.
  Em meados dos anos 20, ele viajou para a terra natal da revolução global.

[09:48] One man who saw something special in Sorge was a man named Janis Berzins.
  Um homem que viu algo especial em Sorge foi um homem chamado Janis Berzins.

[09:52] He was an important figure in the Soviet intelligence.
  Ele era uma figura importante na inteligência soviética.

[09:54] He saw an intelligent political scientist, a handsome young man fluent in Russian, German, and English, fearless and can easily blend in anywhere.
  Ele viu um cientista político inteligente, um jovem bonito fluente em russo, alemão e inglês, destemido e que podia se misturar facilmente em qualquer lugar.

[10:02] Those weren't the qualities of an ordinary activist.
  Essas não eram as qualidades de um ativista comum.

[10:05] Those were the qualities of an intelligence agent, a spy arriving at exactly the right moment.
  Essas eram as qualidades de um agente de inteligência, um espião chegando no momento exato.

[10:09] Back then, most spies were diplomats or embassy personnel.
  Naquela época, a maioria dos espiões eram diplomatas ou pessoal da embaixada.

[10:15] But as you'd expect, those people were being watched.
  Mas, como você esperaria, essas pessoas estavam sendo observadas.

[10:18] So the Soviets decided to get creative.
  Então os soviéticos decidiram ser criativos.

[10:20] Through the military intelligence agency, the Fourth Department,
  Através da agência de inteligência militar, o Quarto Departamento,

[10:23] they recruited residents.
  eles recrutaram residentes.

[10:24] they began placing spies in major cities, far from Soviet embassies.
  eles começaram a colocar espiões em grandes cidades, longe das embaixadas soviéticas.

[10:28] That way they wouldn't be linked to Moscow.
  Dessa forma, eles não seriam ligados a Moscou.

[10:30] Unlike their old ways.
  Diferente de seus antigos métodos.

[10:32] The first thing they told Sorge was
  A primeira coisa que disseram a Sorge foi

[10:34] to cut ties with all his communist comrades.
  cortar laços com todos os seus camaradas comunistas.

[10:38] What? Leave communism?
  O quê? Abandonar o comunismo?

[10:40] Yes. And join the Nazi Party.
  Sim. E se juntar ao Partido Nazista.

[10:42] Join the Nazi Party?
  Se juntar ao Partido Nazista?

[10:44] And you'll apply for membership.
  E você vai se candidatar a membro.

[10:49] From now on, you're a Nazi.
  De agora em diante, você é um nazista.

[10:51] As you can imagine, this was an insane request.
  Como você pode imaginar, esta foi uma solicitação insana.

[10:53] Sorge's communist past was well known.
  O passado comunista de Sorge era bem conhecido.

[10:56] Walking into the Nazi Party and asking to join could've easily gotten him killed.
  Entrar no Partido Nazista e pedir para se juntar poderia facilmente tê-lo matado.

[11:00] But Sorge was a smart man.
  Mas Sorge era um homem inteligente.

[11:02] His background in political science came in handy as he'd studied Nazi ideology.
  Sua formação em ciência política foi útil, pois ele havia estudado a ideologia nazista.

[11:05] He learned 'My Struggle' by heart.
  Ele aprendeu 'Minha Luta' de cor.

[11:08] Any Nazi who debated him didn't find a casual Hitler admirer.
  Qualquer nazista que o debatia não encontrava um admirador casual de Hitler.

[11:13] They found an expert, a man deeply versed in Nazi ideology.
  Eles encontraram um especialista, um homem profundamente versado na ideologia nazista.

[11:17] Sorge convinced everyone that the communist he once was had completely disappeared and was replaced by a respected Nazi journalist, a man who wanted nothing to do with comrades.
  Sorge convenceu a todos de que o comunista que ele um dia foi havia desaparecido completamente e foi substituído por um respeitado jornalista nazista, um homem que não queria ter nada a ver com camaradas.

[11:26] Someone devoted to Nazism and loyal to its leader alongside whom he'd once fought.
  Alguém devotado ao nazismo e leal ao seu líder ao lado de quem ele uma vez lutou.

[11:31] Everything I've told you so far was just the first chapter.
  Tudo o que eu disse até agora foi apenas o primeiro capítulo.

[11:33] A warm up, if you will.
  Um aquecimento, se quiser.

[11:35] That was the turning Raafat al-Haggan into David Charl Samhon part.
  Essa foi a parte da virada de Raafat al-Haggan para David Charl Samhon.

[11:38] After that, Sorge received his first mission from the Soviet Union.
  Depois disso, Sorge recebeu sua primeira missão da União Soviética.

[11:43] His first assignment was in Shanghai, China, in 1930.
  Sua primeira designação foi em Xangai, China, em 1930.

[11:47] The task was simple.
  A tarefa era simples.

[11:48] Build an espionage network.
  Construir uma rede de espionagem.

[11:50] His mission was to recruit communist sympathizers of any nationality.
  Sua missão era recrutar simpatizantes comunistas de qualquer nacionalidade.

[11:53] The Soviets wanted to gain influence in China.
  Os soviéticos queriam ganhar influência na China.

[11:56] Sorge succeeded in his mission.
  Sorge teve sucesso em sua missão.

[11:58] He recruited a German radio expert and a Japanese journalist who specialized in Chinese affairs.
  Ele recrutou um especialista alemão em rádio e um jornalista japonês que se especializou em assuntos chineses.

[12:04] His name was Ozaki Hotsumi.
  Seu nome era Ozaki Hotsumi.

[12:05] Ozaki was a devoted communist.
  Ozaki era um comunista devoto.

[12:07] He was constantly worried about China, and his homeland, Japan.
  Ele estava constantemente preocupado com a China e sua terra natal, o Japão.

[12:12] Comrade Sorge, I'm worried.
  Camarada Sorge, estou preocupado.

[12:13] Japan was a rising power in the '30s, eager to expand, waiting for the right opportunity.
  O Japão era uma potência em ascensão nos anos 30, ansioso para expandir, esperando a oportunidade certa.

[12:18] China was already consumed by civil war, with Mao's communists on one side and Kai-shek's nationalists on the other.
  A China já estava consumida pela guerra civil, com os comunistas de Mao de um lado e os nacionalistas de Kai-shek do outro.

[12:24] Japan seized the moment and took Manchuria in northern China.
  O Japão aproveitou o momento e tomou a Manchúria no norte da China.

[12:30] The region was rich in raw materials and was an easy win.
  A região era rica em matérias-primas e foi uma vitória fácil.

[12:34] It was perfect for the industrial empire's expansion.
  Era perfeito para a expansão do império industrial.

[12:37] Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931.
  O Japão invadiu a Manchúria em setembro de 1931.

[12:40] Blind to the League of Nations, deaf to all international condemnation.
  Cego para a Liga das Nações, surdo a toda condenação internacional.

[12:46] Sounds familiar?
  Parece familiar?

[12:49] By 1934, Japan was effectively treating China as a Japanese protectorate.
  Em 1934, o Japão estava efetivamente tratando a China como um protetorado japonês.

[12:54] Nobody could make a move there without Japan's approval.
  Ninguém podia fazer um movimento lá sem a aprovação do Japão.

[12:57] "Am I watching around the world in 80 minutes?
  "Estou assistindo Volta ao Mundo em 80 Minutos?

[13:01] Last I checked, he was in China spreading communism.
  Pelo que me lembro, ele estava na China espalhando o comunismo.

[13:04] Why are we suddenly talking about Japan?"
  Por que estamos falando de repente sobre o Japão?"

[13:05] Well, Japan hated communism and the Soviets just as much as the Nazis did.
  Bem, o Japão odiava o comunismo e os soviéticos tanto quanto os nazistas.

[13:09] The Soviet Union was their enemy too.
  A União Soviética era inimiga deles também.

[13:12] Take a look at the map.
  Dê uma olhada no mapa.

[13:14] Once Japan occupied Manchuria, it was as close to the Soviet Union as ever.
  Uma vez que o Japão ocupou a Manchúria, ficou tão perto da União Soviética quanto antes.

[13:19] Suddenly, the Soviets faced threats from the east and the west.
  De repente, os soviéticos enfrentaram ameaças do leste e do oeste.

[13:24] Stalin said, "Gather all the spies we have in Japan."
  Stalin disse: "Reúnam todos os espiões que temos no Japão."

[13:29] The answer came back: "There aren't any."
  A resposta veio: "Não há nenhum."

[13:31] None of their good spies worked there.
  Nenhum de seus bons espiões trabalhava lá.

[13:34] The Soviets knew almost nothing about Japan.
  Os soviéticos sabiam quase nada sobre o Japão.

[13:35] So Sorge was given a near-suicidal mission.
  Então Sorge recebeu uma missão quase suicida.

[13:38] "You'll go to Japan as a journalist.
  "Você irá para o Japão como jornalista.

[13:40] Your cover is that you work for the Frankfurter Zeitung."
  Sua cobertura é que você trabalha para o Frankfurter Zeitung."

[13:44] A classic spy cover up.
  Um disfarce clássico de espião.

[13:46] Sorge's mission was to form a spy ring in order to uncover Japan's intentions for the Soviet Union.
  A missão de Sorge era formar uma rede de espionagem para descobrir as intenções do Japão para a União Soviética.

[13:53] "Why was the mission so difficult?"
  "Por que a missão foi tão difícil?"

[13:55] Because if you asked any 20th century spy about the worst place to work in the answer would be Japan.
  Porque se você perguntasse a qualquer espião do século 20 sobre o pior lugar para trabalhar, a resposta seria o Japão.

[14:01] "Due to all the earthquakes?"
  "Por causa de todos os terremotos?"

[14:03] Japan is quite different from Europe.
  O Japão é bem diferente da Europa.

[14:03] Quite the observation, huh?
  Uma observação e tanto, hein?

[14:06] Everyone could easily tell who the foreigners are.
  Todos podiam facilmente dizer quem eram os estrangeiros.

[14:08] Especially that at that time, the number of foreigners in Japan was very low.
  Especialmente porque naquela época, o número de estrangeiros no Japão era muito baixo.

[14:12] So all foreigners raised suspicion.
  Então todos os estrangeiros levantavam suspeitas.

[14:15] As for the Soviets, their embassy was under surveillance all the time.
  Quanto aos soviéticos, sua embaixada estava sob vigilância o tempo todo.

[14:19] Everything that happened there ended up in Japanese reports.
  Tudo o que aconteceu lá acabou em relatórios japoneses.

[14:22] Sorge was talented, but all his experience came from Shanghai,
  Sorge era talentoso, mas toda a sua experiência veio de Xangai,

[14:25] a cosmopolitan city full of foreigners where it was easy to blend in.
  uma cidade cosmopolita cheia de estrangeiros onde era fácil se misturar.

[14:28] But where could you hide in Japan?
  Mas onde você poderia se esconder no Japão?

[14:30] At the time, Japan was on the verge of a full-scale war with China.
  Na época, o Japão estava à beira de uma guerra em larga escala com a China.

[14:33] The Soviet embassy was forbidden from helping Sorge in any way,
  A embaixada soviética foi proibida de ajudar Sorge de qualquer forma,

[14:37] because that would expose them both.
  porque isso exporia ambos.

[14:39] Despite all these challenges,
  Apesar de todos esses desafios,

[14:41] Sorge built a sophisticated spy network made up of 35 people.
  Sorge construiu uma sofisticada rede de espionagem composta por 35 pessoas.

[14:45] His reasoning was simple:
  Seu raciocínio era simples:

[14:47] "My cover is that I'm a fanatical German Nazi.
  "Minha cobertura é que sou um fanático nazista alemão.

[14:51] So let's avoid the Japanese and the Soviets altogether,
  Então vamos evitar os japoneses e os soviéticos completamente,

[14:55] and put all our chips on the German embassy."
  e colocar todas as nossas fichas na embaixada alemã."

[14:58] Let's get in the Bundesliga.
  Vamos entrar na Bundesliga.

[14:59] If I stick to the traditional ways, I'll get caught in a heartbeat.
  Se eu me apegar aos métodos tradicionais, serei pego num piscar de olhos.

[15:02] The easier target's the one I studied the most: the Germans.
  O alvo mais fácil é aquele que estudei mais: os alemães.

[15:05] The German embassy in Japan is the target.
  A embaixada alemã no Japão é o alvo.

[15:07] So Sorge became a regular at the bar of the Imperial Hotel,
  Então Sorge se tornou um frequentador assíduo do bar do Hotel Imperial,

[15:10] a major international meeting place
  um importante ponto de encontro internacional

[15:13] frequented by German officials and located near the Imperial Palace.
  frequentado por oficiais alemães e localizado perto do Palácio Imperial.

[15:18] Within a short time, Sorge succeeded in building relationships with German diplomats.
  Em pouco tempo, Sorge conseguiu construir relacionamentos com diplomatas alemães.

[15:24] He had them all wrapped around his finger.
  Ele os tinha completamente na palma da sua mão.

[15:26] Allow me, Abo Hmeed.
  Permita-me, Abo Hmeed.

[15:28] If I were a Nazi diplomat, I'd be suspicious of a journalist trying to befriend me.
  Se eu fosse um diplomata nazista, desconfiaria de um jornalista tentando se tornar meu amigo.

[15:33] Why did they trust him?
  Por que eles confiavam nele?

[15:36] That's where Sorge's genius comes in.
  É aí que entra o gênio de Sorge.

[15:37] Sorge and I share the same approach when it comes to espionage:
  Sorge e eu compartilhamos a mesma abordagem quando se trata de espionagem:

[15:40] Check the sources.
  Verifique as fontes.

[15:42] Remember when I told you he had studied Nazi literature and 'My Struggle' in depth?
  Lembra quando eu te disse que ele havia estudado literatura nazista e 'Minha Luta' em profundidade?

[15:45] He even played the fanatical Nazi part quite convincingly.
  Ele até interpretou o papel do nazista fanático de forma bastante convincente.

[15:48] He did the same with the Japanese.
  Ele fez o mesmo com os japoneses.

[15:51] He learned everything there is to know about their culture.
  Ele aprendeu tudo o que havia para saber sobre a cultura deles.

[15:54] Remember Ozaki, the Japanese journalist he met in Shanghai?
  Lembra de Ozaki, o jornalista japonês que ele conheceu em Xangai?

[15:57] He got him to share information about Japan.
  Ele o fez compartilhar informações sobre o Japão.

[15:59] That allowed Sorge to approach embassy officials
  Isso permitiu que Sorge abordasse oficiais da embaixada

[16:01] with perhaps the greatest cover story ever used by a spy.
  com talvez a maior história de cobertura já usada por um espião.

[16:05] He didn't introduce himself as someone looking for information about Nazis.
  Ele não se apresentou como alguém procurando informações sobre nazistas.

[16:11] Rather as someone who could provide information.
  Mas sim como alguém que poderia fornecer informações.

[16:13] I'm a political expert on Japan.
  Eu sou um especialista político no Japão.

[16:16] Just ask me about anything you want to know about Japan.
  Apenas me pergunte sobre qualquer coisa que você queira saber sobre o Japão.

[16:18] In a brilliant move, Sorge made the German officials come to him.
  Em um movimento brilhante, Sorge fez com que os oficiais alemães viessem até ele.

[16:23] How clever!
  Que inteligente!

[16:24] Sorge had already understood Japan.
  Sorge já tinha entendido o Japão.

[16:26] He knew the Germans faced the same problem he did.
  Ele sabia que os alemães enfrentavam o mesmo problema que ele.

[16:30] They were foreigners.
  Eles eram estrangeiros.

[16:30] It was clear as day.
  Era claro como o dia.

[16:33] Nobody trusted them.
  Ninguém confiava neles.

[16:35] So when a knowledgeable German Nazi appeared
  Então, quando um nazista alemão conhecedor apareceu

[16:38] and offered to share all the information he had on Japan,
  e se ofereceu para compartilhar todas as informações que tinha sobre o Japão,

[16:41] they welcomed him with open arms.
  eles o receberam de braços abertos.

[16:42] Thanks to his expertise,
  Graças à sua expertise,

[16:44] even the German military attaché started relying on him as an informal adviser.
  até o adido militar alemão começou a confiar nele como um conselheiro informal.

[16:50] He even had Sorge writing reports that he himself was supposed to send to Germany.
  Ele até fez Sorge escrever relatórios que ele mesmo deveria enviar para a Alemanha.

[16:55] The attaché thought he was clever for delegating the work.
  O adido achou que ele era esperto por delegar o trabalho.

[16:58] Meanwhile, Sorge was feeding them the information he wanted them to receive,
  Enquanto isso, Sorge estava alimentando-os com as informações que ele queria que recebessem,

[17:01] and establishing himself inside the embassy.
  e se estabelecendo dentro da embaixada.

[17:02] Before long, he became a familiar face there.
  Em pouco tempo, ele se tornou um rosto familiar lá.

[17:05] German officials handed him the information on a silver platter.
  Oficiais alemães entregaram a ele as informações de bandeja.

[17:09] If the Japanese asked about him in the German embassy,
  Se os japoneses perguntassem sobre ele na embaixada alemã,

[17:12] the German embassy would vouch for him.
  a embaixada alemã daria a palavra por ele.

[17:15] This man's a genius!
  Este homem é um gênio!

[17:17] I'm starting to think he's fooling us all and working for the Americans.
  Estou começando a pensar que ele está nos enganando a todos e trabalhando para os americanos.

[17:19] I wouldn't be surprised if he's still alive…Or if you're Sorge!
  Eu não ficaria surpreso se ele ainda estivesse vivo… Ou se você for Sorge!

[17:23] Keep it down! You'll blow up my cover as an Egyptian you-tuber.
  Fique quieto! Você vai estragar minha cobertura como um YouTuber egípcio.

[17:27] But Sorge wasn't just brilliant.
  Mas Sorge não era apenas brilhante.

[17:29] Playing the expert wasn't the winning card.
  Fingir ser o especialista não foi a carta vencedora.

[17:29] After all, he was sitting at the big boys' table.
  Afinal, ele estava sentado à mesa dos grandes nomes.

[17:34] They were men of the Reich.
  Eles eram homens do Reich.

[17:35] Surely many others had tried similar approaches with them.
  Certamente muitos outros haviam tentado abordagens semelhantes com eles.

[17:39] But why didn't they suspect him?
  Mas por que eles não o suspeitaram?

[17:41] Because the way Sorge made his way in never fit their image of a spy.
  Porque a maneira como Sorge se infiltrou nunca se encaixou na imagem que eles tinham de um espião.

[17:46] People expect spies to be disciplined,
  As pessoas esperam que espiões sejam disciplinados,

[17:48] quiet, and invisible.
  quietos e invisíveis.

[17:50] Someone who doesn't draw much attention.
  Alguém que não chame muita atenção.

[17:50] The least person you'd suspect.
  A última pessoa que você suspeitaria.

[17:54] Sorge threw that rule in the ocean.
  Sorge jogou essa regra no oceano.

[17:56] He was a heavy drinker and a womanizer.
  Ele era um grande bebedor e mulherengo.

[18:00] If they had Netflix at that time, we would've added to that list.
  Se eles tivessem Netflix naquela época, teríamos adicionado a essa lista.

[18:03] He was a party animal.
  Ele era um festeiro.

[18:03] He was always at parties, always in the spotlight.
  Ele estava sempre em festas, sempre sob os holofotes.

[18:07] For an after party, he'd run through Tokyo's streets,
  Para uma festa pós-evento, ele corria pelas ruas de Tóquio,

[18:11] or ride his bike like the bad boy he was, with one of his girls clinging to him.
  ou andava de bicicleta como o bad boy que era, com uma de suas garotas agarrada a ele.

[18:16] Anyone who saw him would think, "There's no way this guy's a spy."
  Qualquer um que o visse pensaria: "Não tem como esse cara ser um espião."

[18:18] No one suspected he was a spy, let alone a Soviet spy.
  Ninguém suspeitava que ele era um espião, muito menos um espião soviético.

[18:21] Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond,
  Ian Fleming, o criador de James Bond,

[18:23] described Sorge as
  descreveu Sorge como

[18:24] The most formidable spy in history.
  O espião mais formidável da história.

[18:28] He was so good a spy he put fictional spies to shame.
  Ele era tão bom espião que envergonhava espiões fictícios.

[18:30] Many have mocked the way James Bond's character was written,
  Muitos zombaram da forma como o personagem de James Bond foi escrito,

[18:33] saying that the bad boy whom the ladies were crazy about
  dizendo que o bad boy por quem as damas eram loucas

[18:37] is unrealistic.
  é irrealista.

[18:39] Real spies are supposed to be disciplined.
  Espiões de verdade devem ser disciplinados.

[18:41] Otherwise they'd get caught.
  Caso contrário, seriam pegos.

[18:43] Even actors who usually go for the playboy persona
  Até mesmo atores que geralmente optam pela persona de playboy

[18:46] let that go when playing a spy.
  deixaram isso de lado ao interpretar um espião.

[18:48] Ironically, Sorge was even more outrageous than Bond.
  Ironicamente, Sorge era ainda mais escandaloso que Bond.

[18:52] Some sources even claim he had an affair with Helma,
  Algumas fontes até afirmam que ele teve um caso com Helma,

[18:55] the wife of the German military attaché, his most important source.
  a esposa do adido militar alemão, sua fonte mais importante.

[18:59] An affair with the source's wife? You're definitely not Sorge!
  Um caso com a esposa da fonte? Você definitivamente não é Sorge!

[19:03] How can you be so sure?
  Como você pode ter tanta certeza?

[19:05] Now that's bold!
  Isso sim é ousado!

[19:06] What makes the story believable is that Sorge's first wife
  O que torna a história crível é que a primeira esposa de Sorge

[19:10] had originally been his professor's wife.
  originalmente tinha sido a esposa de seu professor.

[19:12] He stole her from his own mentor.
  Ele a roubou de seu próprio mentor.

[19:14] The German military attaché, Eugen Ott,
  O adido militar alemão, Eugen Ott,

[19:16] considered Sorge one of his closest friends.
  considerava Sorge um de seus amigos mais próximos.

[19:19] He even worried about him because of his drinking habit.
  Ele até se preocupava com ele por causa de seu hábito de beber.

[19:22] He feared Sorge would say something reckless about politics while drunk.
  Ele temia que Sorge dissesse algo imprudente sobre política enquanto estivesse bêbado.

[19:25] Meanwhile, Sorge betrayed his friend and his country.
  Enquanto isso, Sorge traiu seu amigo e seu país.

[19:28] Imagine that level of toxicity between a spy and his source.
  Imagine esse nível de toxicidade entre um espião e sua fonte.

[19:33] The source was worried about the spy's future.
  A fonte estava preocupada com o futuro do espião.

[19:36] And all this happened while Sorge lived under the nose of Japan's feared police.
  E tudo isso aconteceu enquanto Sorge vivia sob o nariz da temida polícia do Japão.

[19:41] The force all foreigners feared.
  A força que todos os estrangeiros temiam.

[19:43] His lack of discipline wasn't just the perfect cover.
  Sua falta de disciplina não era apenas a cobertura perfeita.

[19:47] It also helped him run his spy network.
  Também o ajudou a gerenciar sua rede de espionagem.

[19:51] According to one of the members of the network, Branko,
  De acordo com um dos membros da rede, Branko,

[19:53] most espionage rings are tense environments.
  a maioria dos círculos de espionagem são ambientes tensos.

[19:57] Leaders constantly pressure their agents because mistakes can get everyone killed.
  Líderes pressionam constantemente seus agentes porque erros podem matar todos.

[20:04] That usually creates a rigid military atmosphere.
  Isso geralmente cria uma atmosfera militar rígida.

[20:07] Because it was the real deal, not a drill.
  Porque era a coisa real, não um exercício.

[20:10] They were at the last stop.
  Eles estavam no último ponto.

[20:12] Sorge was the exact opposite.
  Sorge era o exato oposto.

[20:16] He treated his agents like friends on an adventure.
  Ele tratava seus agentes como amigos em uma aventura.

[20:19] No constant pressure. No harsh rules. No endless demands and tight deadlines.
  Sem pressão constante. Sem regras duras. Sem demandas intermináveis e prazos apertados.

[20:25] He knew they were already under enough stress.

[20:28] Ironically, that made them more loyal to him

[20:30] and improved their performance.

[20:32] They worked harder for their friend

[20:33] than they would've for a boss breathing down their necks.

[20:35] But here's the question:

[20:37] Was all of this really an act? Was Sorge pretending?

[20:40] "I have a question, Abo Hmeed. I'm aware you're talking about espionage,

[20:45] wartime intrigue, and all that fascinating stuff,

[20:47] but there's something I need to know.

[20:49] Does working in espionage guarantee multiple romantic relationships?

[20:53] Because, frankly, if that's the case,

[20:55] I'd have no choice but to enter several relationships as a cover of course,

[20:58] just so nobody suspects me."

[20:59] Actually, my friend, without realizing it,

[21:01] you posed a very important question. Was Sorge acting so recklessly

[21:04] to cover up the fact that he was a spy?

[21:08] Or was that simply who he really was?

[21:09] Was he a rogue who became a spy,

[21:11] or a spy who happened to be a rogue?

[21:13] Historian Owen Matthews argues

[21:16] that Sorge lived as an outsider.

[21:19] His first adventure was in the army

[21:20] fighting for his father's country against his mother's.

[21:23] Complicated much?

[21:25] They took marital disputes to a whole new level.

[21:27] He watched his friends die in the trenches.

[21:29] The first ideology he embraced required deception.

[21:34] He had to lie constantly.

[21:35] In his memoirs, Sorge described himself

[21:38] as a perpetual stranger, someone doomed never to find real peace.

[21:41] That made it easy for him to move from country to another,

[21:43] and go from one lover to the other.

[21:45] Espionage suited him perfectly.

[21:47] It forced him to keep everyone at a distance.

[21:50] No one could ever get truly close.

[21:53] That womanizer profile suited him perfectly. The last thing he wanted was stability.

[21:56] Even alcohol served a purpose.

[21:58] It helped him forget that he faced death every day.

[22:01] A German officer who knew him said he was extraordinary.

[22:04] Given the reckless life he led,

[22:06] you'd expect him to make a fatal mistake eventually,

[22:10] a slip of the tongue or a careless moment that'd destroy everything.

[22:16] He socialized a lot and drank too much. Something was bound to happen.

[22:20] Yet somehow he managed to lead a perfectly functioning spy ring

[22:24] that ran like clockwork

[22:26] while living like a reckless playboy.

[22:30] Up to this point, we're looking at a genius spy

[22:32] who succeeded in one of the hardest missions ever.

[22:34] But here's the problem: too much success can become dangerous.

[22:37] The threat didn't come from Japan or China.

[22:41] It came from Moscow.

[22:43] In 1935, Sorge received a summons.

[22:45] Gradually, he began to sense that things had changed.

[22:47] The intelligence service wasn't the same anymore.

[22:49] Many of the officers who had recruited him were gone.

[22:52] Janis, the man who discovered him, would eventually be executed.

[22:58] He was executed by Joseph Stalin. If that was the fate of his recruiter,

[23:00] what would they do to him?

[23:02] In the '30s, Stalin had grown very suspicious of Soviet intelligence officers,

[23:07] especially those with foreign backgrounds.

[23:09] And the more successful and active they were,

[23:11] the more suspicious he became.

[23:14] To Stalin, people like Sorge fell into one of two categories.

[23:16] They could be double agents claiming to work for him

[23:19] while secretly working for another intelligence agency.

[23:21] Or they could be agents planted by a foreign intelligence service

[23:24] who had to maintain the appearance of loyalty to the Soviets.

[23:27] Complicated lives, sure. But the double pay wasn't bad I guess.

[23:30] That was one possibility.

[23:31] The other was that they're Trotskyists.

[23:34] While loyal to the Soviet Union, they were followers of Trotsky.

[23:36] And to Stalin, Trotskyists were even worse than traitors.

[23:39] We talked about that in Trotsky's episode.

[23:41] Stalin's arch-nemesis.

[23:42] Stalin believed these spies represented Trotsky's core ideas:

[23:47] that the Communist Revolution should be international in scope,

[23:51] a global revolution that had to recruit foreigners and exist indefinitely.

[23:55] And indeed, my friend, Sorge and Ozaki were the perfect embodiment of that idea:

[23:59] a German communist and a Japanese communist.

[24:01] What would you expect from two men whose loyalty was to an ideology

[24:04] rather than their homeland? One was German, the other Japanese.

[24:06] Stalin saw them as spies beyond his control.

[24:08] He felt they weren't truly loyal to him.

[24:10] One day, they might become his opposition.

[24:12] Over time, he was convinced that they were part of a conspiracy against him.

[24:15] So he began summoning some of them back to Moscow.

[24:17] "What did he do with them?"

[24:18] He killed them. If they refused to return, he sent an assassin after them.

[24:21] A hitman arrived right at their doorstep.

[24:25] Sounds easier than ordering takeout.

[24:27] In 'Spy catcher', MI5 officer Peter Wright wrote

[24:31] that Soviet espionage networks were Europe's worst nightmare.

[24:35] Because the Soviets possessed something few nations had:

[24:38] the ability to recruit through ideological loyalty.

[24:43] Your passport wasn't what mattered.

[24:45] Your passport could say German, American, Finnish, whatever.

[24:49] As long as you believed in communism, you were one of them.

[24:53] The Soviets had agents who were natives of the very countries they operated in.

[24:56] That's how they built one of the most successful spy networks in history.

[25:02] Hats off to the Soviet espionage efforts.

[25:05] We have to acknowledge networks like Sorge's and the famous Cambridge Five,

[25:08] whose leading figure was the British Kim Philby,

[25:10] a covert communist who steadily rose through the ranks till he became

[25:15] head of Soviet counterintelligence

[25:19] in the British intelligence.

[25:21] Think about it: if he did his job well, he should've arrested himself.

[25:24] If he served the Soviets well, he had to make sure he never got caught.

[25:26] The intelligence purges Stalin carried out

[25:28] severely damaged the Soviet secret service,

[25:31] which had been one of his most effective weapons.

[25:33] One of those endangered by the purges was Sorge.

[25:35] The day he escaped Stalin's grasp, it was a close call.

[25:37] The NKVD pressured Stalin into letting him live

[25:41] "He's an invaluable asset. Let him do his work.

[25:43] We don't have anyone else like him in Japan."

[25:45] "What if he's a Trotskyist? What if he's a double agent?"

[25:50] "Just let him go."

[25:51] Sorge could've fled or defected.

[25:53] The country he risked his life for had become more dangerous to him than Japan.

[25:58] But here's the thing: Sorge genuinely believed in communism.

[26:01] Stalin may have been a tyrant,

[26:03] but Sorge preferred Stalin's hell to Hitler's paradise.

[26:05] Stalin, at least, wasn't pushing the world toward the very war Sorge despised most.

[26:09] In a time when people felt forced to choose between Hitler and Stalin,

[26:13] Sorge believed communism was bigger than any one man.

[26:16] No matter how powerful Stalin was, he would eventually pass away.

[26:19] In 1938, Sorge's close friend Eugen Ott, who had served as military attaché,

[26:23] was promoted to an even higher post: German ambassador to Japan.

[26:27] At last, the friend who used to worry about him had become an ambassador.

[26:31] "I'm having an affair with the ambassador's wife."

[26:33] This dramatically improved Sorge's position.

[26:35] His source now had his own office inside the embassy.

[26:37] He barely had to break a sweat. He got everything he wanted.

[26:39] He sat there, sipping tea and decoding messages between the embassy and Berlin.

[26:45] That same year, Ozaki became the cabinet consultant,

[26:49] an adviser to none other than the Japanese Prime Minister.

[26:53] So now he was a Soviet spy with an eye inside the German embassy,

[26:59] while one of his closest associates was an adviser to the Prime Minister of Japan.

[27:04] Both men hated the very communist cause Sorge was working for.

[27:09] The same ideology that had driven him away from his homeland.

[27:13] Then, in November 1936, Japan and Germany signed what became known as

[27:19] to mobilize against the spread of Communism.

[27:21] Stalin knew all there is to know about the negotiations.

[27:26] All thanks to Sorge's network, which operated deep inside Japan

[27:29] and sent more than 700 reports.

[27:31] But the network's greatest role was still yet to come.

[27:35] In 1938, the Soviets were shocked when a senior official defected,

[27:40] threatening to expose military secrets as he was headed to Japan.

[27:44] The Soviets feared their cover had been blown.

[27:46] Worse still, on May 11, 1939,

[27:49] the Imperial Japanese Army attacked Soviet forces in Mongolia.

[27:53] This is where Sorge truly shone.

[27:55] His network managed to copy documents leaked by the defector.

[27:59] They learned from a Japanese officer the number of the men they had.

[28:02] It turned out to be relatively small,

[28:04] meaning Japan was planning only a limited offensive, not a full-scale invasion.

[28:07] Armed with that intelligence, the Soviets launched a counterattack.

[28:12] They even knew the enemy's positions.

[28:14] The offensive devastated the Japanese forces and they were forced to ceasefire.

[28:18] There's more to the story.

[28:20] The German embassy received instructions to begin paving the way

[28:23] for an alliance between Germany and Japan.

[28:26] Germany was heading toward war and wanted an ally.

[28:28] Japan could strike British colonies in the Far East.

[28:32] But Japan was already at war with China in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

[28:37] As a result, Hitler had to sign a pact with Joseph Stalin.

[28:42] A pact of non-aggression.

[28:45] "I'm about to fight the British. Don't stab me in the back. That's my move!"

[28:49] It seemed Sorge's future might be in trouble.

[28:53] If Germany and the Soviet Union signed a pact and they weren't going to war,

[28:56] what use would Sorge be?

[28:57] But that was only how it looked from the outside.

[29:01] Sorge knew Hitler could never be trusted.

[29:04] His hostility toward communism was too deeply rooted.

[29:07] Then, in 1940, the Tripartite Pact was signed.

[29:11] Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the alliance that'd later become the Axis.

[29:16] Sorge found himself right at the heart of it all.

[29:18] He was appointed press attaché at the embassy.

[29:21] Thanks to Ambassador Ott, of course.

[29:24] Once he was in, he learned the most important intelligence of his career.

[29:26] On December 18, 1940,

[29:28] Hitler issued Directive No. 21

[29:31] Preparations had begun for Operation Barbarossa.

[29:35] They'd started preparing for the invasion of the Soviet Union.

[29:38] Within days, Sorge sent a warning to Stalin.

[29:40] And the warnings kept coming:

[29:42] 170 German divisions were moving toward the borders,

[29:45] marching towards Moscow and Leningrad.

[29:47] Two days before the invasion, Sorge sent yet another urgent warning.

[29:53] Here's the remarkable part:

[29:55] historians have identified more than a hundred separate warnings sent to Stalin

[30:01] about Hitler's intentions of invading the Soviet Union.

[30:04] Many of them came from Sorge.

[30:06] Yet Stalin refused to believe them.

[30:08] "Hitler wouldn't do that to me. That's impossible!"

[30:11] Sorge's astonishing accuracy in predicting the exact date and time of the attack

[30:15] made Stalin more convinced than ever that he was a double agent.

[30:19] To him, it looked too easy, suspiciously easy.

[30:21] Then, on June 21, just one day before the invasion,

[30:24] Stalin angrily scrawled a note on the reports:

[30:29] He dismissed it as fabricated intelligence by Churchill

[30:31] intended to drive a wedge between him and Hitler,

[30:33] and referred to Sorge as an a******.

[30:36] And the rest is history.

[30:38] On June 22, 3 million Nazis stormed into the Soviet Union.

[30:42] Auf Wiedersehen.

[30:44] In a scene worthy of a spy thriller, Sorge sat among the Germans,

[30:48] celebrating the invasion,

[30:51] just as Rafaat al-Haggan had done after the Naksa.

[30:53] Afterward, Sorge sank into a deep spiral of despair and heavy drinking.

[30:57] "What else could I have done?"

[30:59] Drunk Sorge said, "If anyone destroys Hitler, it'll be Sorge."

[31:02] At the time, it sounded like the boast of a broken, desperate man.

[31:06] But it would eventually prove prophetic.

[31:08] Despite his despair, Sorge would be the one to destroy Hitler

[31:11] and save the world.

[31:13] After the invasion, Stalin reached a dangerous realization:

[31:18] Sorge had been loyal all along.

[31:20] The Soviets then told Sorge, "You were right. We trust you now.

[31:24] You warned us long before it happened, and we didn't believe you.

[31:29] But now we know you weren't lying."

[31:30] As Mohamed Adnan would say, "You're one of the good ones!"

[31:32] The Soviets asked Sorge for information that changed the course of the war.

[31:36] "Sorge, you have ties with the Japanese Prime Minister's close circle.

[31:40] Can you find out whether Japan really intends to attack the Soviet Union?

[31:44] If they do, we'll be facing war on two fronts,

[31:46] and none of our allies will be able to save us."

[31:48] This intelligence was absolutely critical.

[31:52] Look at the map, my friend.

[31:53] The Nazi invasion had succeeded, millions of Soviets were dead,

[31:56] and German forces were advancing toward Moscow.

[31:57] Stalin faced two equally terrible choices.

[31:59] Either keep his troops in Siberia to fight against a possible Japanese attack,

[32:03] or move them to stop the Nazi invasion,

[32:07] leaving the eastern frontier exposed.

[32:09] The Japanese would be able to cross the border so easily.

[32:12] That wouldn't just determine the Soviet Union's fate,

[32:14] but the fate of the entire war.

[32:16] Then, in August 1941,

[32:17] Sorge was the man of the match.

[32:20] He found the answer they were looking for.

[32:22] He learned that information from a meeting attended by the Japanese Emperor.

[32:26] It was definitive.

[32:28] Japan had no intention, for the time being, of attacking the Soviet Union.

[32:31] Instead, it would focus its efforts on targets in the South Pacific.

[32:35] As soon as Stalin learned this,

[32:37] he immediately transferred 5 massive corps

[32:40] from eastern Siberia to the western front.

[32:44] Thousands of German Wehrmacht soldiers, who had witnessed the Soviets' resilience

[32:47] despite losing millions of men,

[32:49] began hearing the same phrase spread through the ranks:

[32:53] The Siberians are coming.

[32:54] These were new troops, fresh blood.

[32:58] Compared to Siberia, Moscow was their Hawaii.

[33:01] Sun bathing weather.

[33:02] No matter how many layers the Germans wore,

[33:05] they could never fight in Russia the way Siberian soldiers could.

[33:07] If you've watched the episode on Stalingrad,

[33:09] then you know the Germans' fear wasn't exaggerated.

[33:12] The new troops changed everything.

[33:14] They miraculously stopped Hitler's advance on Moscow,

[33:17] an advance that finally came to a halt in December 1941.

[33:19] Russia became the graveyard of the Nazis,

[33:22] changing the course of history as we know it.

[33:25] Many factors contributed to that outcome,

[33:26] including the efforts of this spy.

[33:29] Sorge's extraordinary success came at a price.

[33:33] After all, you can't keep obtaining and leaking sensitive information

[33:37] without drawing your enemies' attention.

[33:38] "How do the Soviets always know what we're saying?

[33:41] Your mother was Russian, huh?"

[33:42] Of course, there are exceptions like the sports journalist Ahmed Abdelbaset

[33:45] who somehow publishes the lineup 2 days in advance and gets it right.

[33:49] But back to Sorge.

[33:51] The first to suspect him were the Nazis.

[33:53] They started digging into his past, particularly his communist background.

[33:56] To investigate him, they sent Colonel Josef Meisinger.

[33:59] This was no ordinary man.

[34:01] His brutality was so notorious that he earned the nickname

[34:05] Butcher of Warsaw.

[34:07] But Sorge remained calm. He didn't avoid Meisinger.

[34:10] Instead, he got close to him,

[34:13] using all of his charm and charisma.

[34:15] Before long, the colonel had become one of his friends.

[34:19] Not only that, they eventually became drinking buddies.

[34:22] At one point, the Butcher of Warsaw reassured Nazi superiors:

[34:27] "Relax. Sorge is a good man."

[34:29] The truth is, he had the Germans under his spell.

[34:32] They never suspected him.

[34:33] The real threat would come from the Japanese.

[34:36] It was driving them crazy,

[34:38] especially after the leaks of the radio transmissions

[34:40] as they couldn't identify the mole.

[34:42] For 6 years, they had no idea who leaked the information.

[34:44] That was thanks to the ingenuity of one of Sorge's men,

[34:47] radio specialist Max Clausen.

[34:49] He met him back when he first met Ozaki.

[34:51] Every time he transmitted, he changed locations.

[34:53] Sometimes he even sent messages from ships out at sea.

[34:57] Sorge felt it was time to go and requested extraction.

[35:01] He had already delivered everything he could.

[35:03] In fact, in a remarkable display of foresight,

[35:05] he had predicted America joining the war 2 months before Pearl Harbor.

[35:08] I can't think of anyone who can do that!

[35:12] Sorge had given them the intelligence, and predictions.

[35:15] "As for defending Mother Russia, that's now up to Soviet soldiers.

[35:19] I've done my part."

[35:20] Sorge knew who he was.

[35:23] If he returned to Moscow, Stalin might kill him.

[35:25] If he went to Germany, the Gestapo would bust him.

[35:28] If he stayed in Japan, he would get caught. It was inevitable.

[35:31] But fate moved faster than he did.

[35:34] The beginning of the end came when a low-level communist agent

[35:39] fell into Japanese hands.

[35:40] Under interrogation and intense pressure,

[35:44] he revealed the name of someone higher up the chain:

[35:48] Miyagi Yotoku,

[35:49] one of the most important members of Sorge's network.

[35:52] When Miyagi learned what had happened, he attempted suicide but failed.

[35:55] The Japanese arrested him and tortured him to make him talk.

[35:59] Eventually, he did. The Japanese were stunned by what they uncovered.

[36:02] The massive spy ring in Japan,

[36:04] including figures like Sorge, and Ozaki, an adviser to the Japanese Prime Minister.

[36:09] Sorge himself was a close personal friend of the German ambassador in Japan.

[36:13] It was arguably the largest and deepest espionage network

[36:16] Japan had ever uncovered.

[36:18] On October 18, Sorge was arrested.

[36:21] The news sent shock waves through the German embassy.

[36:24] Ambassador Eugen Ott filed a formal protest,

[36:27] insisting that the accusation was absurd.

[36:30] "Sorge? A spy? I'd stake my life on that man."

[36:34] While in prison, Sorge learned of Pearl Harbor,

[36:36] and later of the Soviet victories in Stalingrad.

[36:40] His intelligence had helped save Stalin.

[36:43] His prediction had come true.

[36:44] America had entered the war. The balance of power had shifted.

[36:48] Even after recommending his execution,

[36:51] the Japanese saw enormous value in him.

[36:54] With the Allies gaining momentum, Sorge seemed like the perfect bargaining chip.

[36:57] They could use him to get back their captured spies.

[37:00] According to Japan's Deputy Defense Minister, Tokyo approached Moscow

[37:04] about exchanging Sorge for Japanese prisoners.

[37:06] They asked not once, not twice, but 3 times.

[37:08] "Soviets, we have your man. Take him."

[37:12] Each time, Moscow gave the same answer:

[37:14] "We don't know anyone named Sorge."

[37:16] "That must've hurt, Abo Hmeed!"

[37:18] Stalin refused to bring Sorge home. He had his men arrest Sorge's wife,

[37:22] sending her to a labor camp, where she died in 1943.

[37:26] "Why did Stalin abandon the man

[37:29] who had saved both him and the Soviet Union?"

[37:32] According to sources,

[37:33] Stalin did that because Sorge was the one man who could prove

[37:38] that Stalin had received repeated warnings before the German invasion.

[37:42] Sorge was the living witness who could say:

[37:45] "I warned you dozens of times.

[37:48] The Germans are coming. I know it! I work with the embassy…

[37:51] The embassy that coordinates with the Japanese!

[37:53] Millions of Soviet soldiers died because of your stubbornness and paranoia."

[37:58] For Stalin's rule to survive, Sorge had to disappear.

[38:01] When Sorge was sentenced to death,

[38:03] Stalin was probably happier than the Japanese.

[38:06] On November 7, 1944, Sorge was taken to the gallows all alone,

[38:10] with no comrade there to thank him for his service,

[38:12] no wife standing beside him,

[38:13] and no nation willing to defend him.

[38:15] His final words were a salute to international communism,

[38:18] the one thing he truly believed in,

[38:19] and the only place where he never felt like an outsider.

[38:21] He believed it was the one thing capable of ending war.

[38:23] After his death, Sorge's name faded into obscurity,

[38:26] until the cinema brought his story back into the spotlight.

[38:30] Sorge's story is both legendary and tragic,

[38:33] worthy of earning him the title of the greatest spy of the 20th century.

[38:36] But do spies like him still exist today?

[38:38] Former CIA officer Duane Norman

[38:42] argues that this style of espionage has no future.

[38:46] Technology, he says, will crush it completely.

[38:48] In 2021, The New York Times revealed a memo

[38:50] from a senior counterintelligence official

[38:52] about dozens of American agents who had been captured and killed.

[38:56] According to Norman, this wasn't due to recklessness

[38:58] but because old spy craft is being used against modern technology.

[39:02] In 2018, more than 20 CIA informants were killed,

[39:05] not because of investigations like the stories we've been discussing,

[39:09] but because China had successfully penetrated a covert communications system

[39:13] the CIA used to contact its agents.

[39:15] Other operatives were exposed in places like Lebanon

[39:18] through geolocation analysis on their phones.

[39:21] In Sorge's time, he could come up with cover stories.

[39:23] He claimed one thing in Shanghai and something completely different in Tokyo.

[39:26] Today, Norman says, that's impossible.

[39:28] Everyone leaves a trail of digital dust.

[39:30] Who can create a convincing fake identity

[39:32] when their entire life has been documented online since birth?

[39:35] All the parents have been posting photos for years.

[39:38] "Well, there goes my chance to work with the CIA!"

[39:40] "Don't worry, next time we'll put an emoji over your face."

[39:43] Norman argues that if an agent enters China,

[39:46] any camera could identify him within minutes.

[39:48] Facial recognition systems can uncover their identity

[39:50] whether they're wearing shades, a mask, or a cap.

[39:53] Marshmello can unlock his phone without taking his mask off.

[39:55] Siri says, "Welcome, Chris."

[39:56] Back then, the Japanese spent years

[39:58] trying to trace some mysterious radio signals.

[40:00] Today, even a modest intelligence service you could find online

[40:02] can track an operative's movements, using satellites.

[40:06] According to Norman, espionage isn't disappearing,

[40:08] but the classic spy archetype is.

[40:09] The world is unlikely to see another Sorge or another Refaat al-Gammal.

[40:12] Intelligence agencies must reinvent espionage

[40:16] to fit the modern age.

[40:19] Norman isn't the only one who thinks so.

[40:20] After Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022,

[40:23] Europe saw a dramatic surge in espionage activity.

[40:25] More than 700 Russian diplomats were expelled from Europe

[40:29] on suspicion of spying.

[40:31] NATO described it as the largest counterintelligence operation

[40:35] since the Cold War.

[40:36] Former intelligence officer Denis Desmond said that was only the tip of the iceberg.

[40:40] For every Russian spy who is caught,

[40:41] dozens remain undetected.

[40:43] One of Russia's key assets, Unit 29155,

[40:47] or however they say that,

[40:48] recruits operatives with no military background,

[40:52] keeping them well below the radar.

[40:53] According to Politico, Chinese intelligence often prefers

[40:57] non-diplomatic spies:

[40:59] academics, businessmen, ordinary figures.

[41:01] That's easy for the Chinese to do, since they do business everywhere.

[41:05] It's as if we're recreating Sorge-like spies, but for a different era.

[41:09] In the end, it's hard to tell whether spies like those of the past still exist,

[41:13] and it's equally hard to know how far espionage will evolve,

[41:15] because the game takes place in the shadows.

[41:16] The information we know is only what they want us to know.

[41:19] According to some sources, the real question is:

[41:24] Who can spy on the spies?

[41:25] How do you spy on ghosts and determine whether they exist?

[41:28] If they do, how do they operate?

[41:30] What is certain, my friend, is that every moment we live,

[41:32] and every conflict is accompanied by a hidden army of spies and scientists like Sorge

[41:36] moving silently behind the scenes.

[41:38] People like Sorge shape the course of history,

[41:40] often far more than armies ever can.

[41:41] As Sun Tzu said in 'The Art of War',

[41:43] "where there is war, there will be deception.

[41:45] That's why espionage will never disappear.

[41:47] Don't forget to watch the old episodes and the new ones.

[41:50] Check the sources below and subscribe if you're on YouTube.

[41:52] You know, my friend, I wanted to be a spy. But I realized I'll get caught easily.

[41:56] -"Why?" -Because I always list my sources.