The Lost World Capital of the 13th Century: Mongol Empire's capital Karakorum | Mongolian history
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uadBCtliJU
[00:00] Haram, the capital city of the Mongol Empire, was also considered to be the center of the world in the 13th century.
[00:10] Mongolians left an imprint on the history of the world through the city of Harur, a unique historical and cultural heritage.
[00:17] The professors and the students of the National University of Mongolia have created a virtual Harum using modern technology and they in collaboration with the scholars and researchers have built the city of Haram in a virtual environment within a year.
[00:36] In 2020, Chingaskhan ordered the relocation of the Mongolian points capital city from a basin of three rivers to the Aron River Valley.
[00:47] Since then urged the best craftsman and artisans worldwide to construct the city of Khur.
[00:54] The Mongols had a set of civilization beside their worldrenowned nomadic civilization.
[01:00] For Mongol set civilization, archaeologists have found
[01:03] civilization, archaeologists have found several ruins of ancient cities dating back more than 4,000 years elsewhere on the southern tip of the Mongolian plateau.
[01:10] Mongol set civilization is also represented by Lot, the capital of the Hunu Empire, which is a city more than 2,000 years ago, especially the city of Khakuram tells us as otherwise as it is the most significant historical evidence of Mongolian set civilization.
[01:31] It was a busy city with noble scholars from many cultures with different languages gathered in Haram to their knowledge and skills.
[01:38] At the same time, traders brought goods from all over the world.
[01:43] Craftsmen competing with each other for their craftsmanship and invoice of the traveled to every direction through the stations to manage world affairs.
[01:53] Hence it is reasonable to call the city of Haram the capital of the world and there were markets for livestock and dairy products at the forgates of Haram.
[02:03] products at the forgates of Haram providing thousands of residents with groceries and the craftsman district is also visible in that area.
[02:08] groceries and the craftsman district is also visible in that area.
[02:11] At this intersection the city is divided into four quarters.
[02:13] intersection the city is divided into four quarters.
[02:16] You can see the great house palace in the south and the mongol district in the northwest.
[02:18] house palace in the south and the mongol district in the northwest.
[02:21] On the other hand, the Sarraan quarter is located in the northeast where various religious buildings, temples, churches and mosques were located here at the crossroad intersection and main streets of Haram.
[02:23] hand, the Sarraan quarter is located in the northeast where various religious
[02:26] the northeast where various religious buildings, temples, churches and mosques were located here at the crossroad intersection and main streets of Haram.
[02:28] buildings, temples, churches and mosques were located here at the crossroad intersection and main streets of Haram.
[02:31] were located here at the crossroad intersection and main streets of Haram.
[02:34] The Sarah's quarter and Katlan's quarter were three districts of the city.
[02:36] The Sarah's quarter and Katlan's quarter were three districts of the city.
[02:39] This trading district's uniqueness was that people of diverse religious backgrounds lived together, ran businesses, and practiced their religions in the 13th century, which is considered incredibly unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:41] trading district's uniqueness was that people of diverse religious backgrounds
[02:43] people of diverse religious backgrounds lived together, ran businesses, and practiced their religions in the 13th century, which is considered incredibly unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:45] lived together, ran businesses, and practiced their religions in the 13th century, which is considered incredibly unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:48] practiced their religions in the 13th century, which is considered incredibly unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:50] century, which is considered incredibly unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:53] unique and unbelievable in Western Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:55] Europe and Islamic world from where those diverse religions originated.
[02:58] those diverse religions originated.
[03:00] The fact that there weren't any conflicts between people of diverse religious backgrounds was one of the
[03:02] conflicts between people of diverse religious backgrounds was one of the
[03:04] religious backgrounds was one of the main result of the Pax Mongolia or main result of the Pax Mongolia or Mongol peace policy inherited from the great hunts at that time particularly from Chinghan to Ugan.
[03:16] The Sajan's quarter was generally for Islamic community settlement whereas the Katlan's quarter was inhabited by the Hitans and Christians.
[03:25] According to some sources, there were many merchants of wooden handiccrafts particularly in the Katlan quarter.
[03:33] However, textile items were treated more in the Satchan's quarter.
[03:38] The Mongol quarter, one of the main quarters of Khakaram city.
[03:40] The Mongol quarter provided the city with mainly dairy and meat products.
[03:45] The city was densely populated at that time and the Mongol quarters around the Haram which were common provided the city with food and other services.
[03:55] Furthermore, the Mongols did not only inhabited the city of Kharm but also engaged intensively in the production process.
[04:05] It is pleasant to learn that the latest archaeological findings provided evidence that the Mongols played wider roles in making wires, ceramics, burning bricks or doing equipment modes for the city of Kharm construction.
[04:19] This is a Buddhist temple named the Gichchok temple, the tallest building in Kharam.
[04:24] And the Gichuk temple was a fivetory structure measuring 38x 38 square m.
[04:33] 90 mters high.
[04:35] It can be seen that there were profound influences of Buddhism and there were 12 Buddhism temples, two Christian churchs and one Islamic mosque in Kharam at that time.
[04:46] This golden roofed structure is the Tomart which means palace of mirror at peace and it was another miracle created by the Mongol hands.
[04:53] This palace located within the walls of Hakarim city had double walls and the gates on four sides.
[05:01] The palace's foundation was built on a 2 m high artificial plateau.
[05:06] on a 2 m high artificial plateau.
[05:09] At the great hands of the Mongol Empire passed laws and issue decrees governing the affairs of the world together with his scholars and ministers in this palace that laws and regulations were abided strictly by the citizens of all areas.
[05:21] There was the palace of great hans at the center of the wall.
[05:25] Two slightly lower height buildings on both sides of the palace and an artificial lake with a canopy at the front where Hans and queens relaxed.
[05:35] And the front of the palace had a high staircase.
[05:39] The main entrance and the walls and pillars of the palace were beautifully decorated and patterned.
[05:44] The royal palace had a distinctive design that was slightly different from other buildings in Khalum as it had a Mongolian identity.
[05:51] The Tomong Amamilton Palace was an extravagant palace with 46 columns, a green tiled floor, many luxurious large rooms, engraved walls and ceilings and ornaments of animals such as dragons, lions, leopards.
[06:04] The middle throne was
[06:07] lions, leopards.
[06:10] The middle throne was occupied the great as his queens took the other thrones.
[06:13] Moreover, an approximately 2 m high giant silver tree was present designed by France crafter William Bonik under the order of Monan which was considered one of the main highlighted magnificent works of art in this palace.
[06:28] On top of the tree was an angel with a trumpet.
[06:31] When the trumpet was blown, virus beverages simultaneously dispensed from the four golden spots shaped like dragon's heads to serve the great hans guests.
[06:43] Just a few short decades later, the prosperous war capital was weakened by the civil war of the Mongol Empire and the sie of power by Havlhan.
[06:51] When Havlhan climbed the surround of the Mongol Empire in 1260, as did his younger brother Eric, he relocated his capital to Shand and later to Hamalik, which is today's Beijing and the Karum was then reduced to me administrative sentry of a provincial backwater of the
[07:08] Sentry of a provincial backwater of the Mongolan dynasty in 1271.
[07:12] After the Mongolan dynasty in 1271.
[07:14] After the Mongols retreated to the Mongolian plateau in 1368, Khakur became the.
[07:17] Plateau in 1368, Khakur became the residence.
[07:19] Residence oftra in.
[07:21] Oftra in 1370.
[07:24] In 1388, Chinese Ming dynasty troops occupied and raised the haram.
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[07:43] If you want to say the virtual har yourself, go to this side.