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Lecture-56 || Geography by Ajeet Sir
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UPSC and state PCS aspirants preparing for geography exams.
TL;DR
Ajeet Sir revises the origin and features of the Northern Plains of India, covering the Tethys Sea and river deposition theories, soil types (Bangar, Khadar), and local terms like Reh and Kalar. He then begins the classification of the plains.
In This Video
- 00:00Origin of the Northern Plains of India
Review of two theories: the Tethys Sea and river deposition theories.
- 00:47Extent and Features of the Plains
West-to-east slope, Quaternary rocks, and description of Reh and Kalar.
- 02:35Explanation of Reh and Kalar
Salt accumulation in the topsoil causes whitening.
- 05:02Meaning of Bal Sundari Soil
The whitening of Bangar soil is called Bal Sundari.
- 06:40Alluvial Soil: Bangar and Khadar
Alluvial soil across the plains, Bangar is old and Khadar is new.
- 07:37Significance of Tal and Chaus Land
Lower eastern slope causes waterlogging; foxnut is cultivated.
- 08:31Classification of the Plains Begins
Discussion on vertical and horizontal classification begins.
Questions & Answers
Theories of the origin of the Northern Plains of India
There are two theories: the Tethys Sea theory and the river deposition theory. The plains were formed either from the debris of the Tethys Sea or from river sediments.
What types of soil are found in the Northern Plains of India?
Alluvial soil is found throughout the plains, which is of two types: Bangar (old) and Khadar (new).
Difference between Bangar and Khadar soil
Bangar is old soil, found away from the river valley where floods do not reach. Khadar is new soil, found near the river valley where floods occur every year.
What are Reh and Kalar?
A white layer forms due to the accumulation of lime and salt in the topsoil, called Reh and Kalar. It is also called Bal Sundari.
In which direction is the slope of the Northern Plains of India?
The slope of the plains is from west to east. The elevation is higher in the west and lower in the east, causing waterlogging in the east.
What is the waterlogged land in Bihar called?
Waterlogged land in Bihar is called Tal or Chaus. Foxnut is cultivated here.
Key Terms
- Tethys Sea theory — This theory states that the Northern Plains of India were formed from the debris of the Tethys Sea.
- Bangar — Old alluvial soil, found away from the river valley and not affected by floods.
- Khadar — New alluvial soil, found near the river valley and renewed by floods every year.
- Reh and Kalar — A white layer formed by the accumulation of lime and salt in the topsoil, also called Bal Sundari.
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