# Learn English | Reading for Vocabulary | Level A | Lesson 07 |  Brian Stuart  (미국교과서) (영어 강의)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BWuSxLCorU
Translation: zh-CN

[00:05] hey kids how are you doing welcome back
  嘿孩子们，你们好吗？欢迎回来

[00:09] to reading for vocabulary
  阅读词汇

[00:11] I'm Brian Stewart we're on lesson seven
  我是布莱恩·斯图尔特，我们正在上第七课

[00:14] now and lesson seven we're talking about trees
  现在，在第七课中，我们正在谈论树木

[00:17] right our question or lesson title is how old is that tree
  对，我们的问题或课程标题是那棵树有多老

[00:27] in this lesson we will focus on how can we tell
  在本课中，我们将重点关注我们如何得知

[00:31] how can we tell how can we know the age of a tree
  我们如何得知，我们如何知道一棵树的年龄

[00:35] so if we see a tree in the forest we want to know how old is that tree
  所以如果我们看到森林里的一棵树，我们想知道那棵树有多老

[00:44] wow it's really big how old is it
  哇，它真的很大，它有多老

[00:47] well in this lesson we'll find out let's start with the vocabulary for this lesson
  嗯，在本课中我们将找出答案，让我们从本课的词汇开始

[00:52] the first word has to do with this picture here
  第一个词与这里的这张图片有关

[00:55] what do we call this here
  我们称这里为什么

[00:59] this is trees cut up cut up for
  这是被砍伐的树木，被砍伐用于

[01:05] making something we make a lot of things from trees.
  制作东西，我们从树上制作很多东西。

[01:08] we've talked about this in previous lessons.
  我们已经在之前的课程中讨论过这个问题了。

[01:11] probably you've we've studied together on a previous lesson.
  可能你我已经在之前的课程中一起学习过了。

[01:14] we can see that trees are used for what.
  我们可以看到树木被用来做什么。

[01:18] trees are used to make wood.
  树木被用来制作木材。

[01:22] we use wood to make other things like houses, furniture, desk, chair, toys.
  我们用木材制作其他东西，比如房子、家具、书桌、椅子、玩具。

[01:30] you can have toys made out of wood.
  你可以有木制玩具。

[01:33] these things are wooden, right?
  这些东西是木制的，对吧？

[01:37] a wooden chair, a wooden desk, a wooden toy.
  一把木椅子，一张木桌子，一个木玩具。

[01:42] things made out of wood, wood.
  用木头制成的物品，木头。

[01:47] okay, what's our next word?
  好的，我们的下一个词是什么？

[01:50] the next word has to do with this here.
  下一个词与这个有关。

[01:52] of course, it's been cut.
  当然，它已经被砍伐了。

[01:54] this is a tree that has been cut, but what is the main stem of a tree?
  这是一棵被砍伐的树，但树的主干是什么？

[01:59] if you remember or if you studied about plants, you know there are many different parts of a plant, right?
  如果你还记得或者你学习过关于植物的知识，你知道植物有很多不同的部分，对吧？

[02:03] there are the roots.
  有根。

[02:06] There's the stem, there's the branches, the leaves, right, the flower in some plants.
  有茎，有枝，叶子，对，某些植物的花。

[02:13] On a tree, right, the stem, we have a special word for it.
  在树上，对，茎，我们有一个专门的词来形容它。

[02:16] Because a small plant, we don't say this word, but for a big tree, it's strong, it's thick, and we use it to make wood.
  因为小植物，我们不说这个词，但对于大树，它很强壮，很粗，我们用它来做木材。

[02:24] What is this part of the tree?
  树的这部分是什么？

[02:27] We call it the trunk, trunk, TR, truck, truck, trunk, trunk.
  我们称之为树干，树干，TR，卡车，卡车，树干，树干。

[02:37] We call it the trunk of a tree.
  我们称之为树的树干。

[02:40] We don't really say the stem of a tree, that sounds a little strange.
  我们不太说树的茎，那听起来有点奇怪。

[02:45] Instead, we say the trunk of a tree.
  相反，我们说树的树干。

[02:48] But if it's a small plant, yes, you can say the stem.
  但如果是一棵小植物，是的，你可以说茎。

[02:51] But a big plant like a tree, that's weird.
  但像树一样的大植物，那很奇怪。

[02:55] We would say the trunk of a tree, not really the stem of a tree, that sounds a little bit strange.
  我们会说树的树干，而不是树的茎，那听起来有点奇怪。

[03:00] So it's better to say the trunk of a tree.
  所以最好说树的树干。

[03:02] And it's the trunk where we get our wood from, most of our
  而且树干是我们获取木材的地方，我们的大部分

[03:07] Wood you can get some wood from the branches.
  木材你可以从树枝上得到一些木材。

[03:09] Yes, but mostly it's the trunk where we get our wood.
  是的，但主要是我们从树干上获取木材。

[03:13] Okay, if you look at the trunk of a tree that's been cut, right, this way, not this way, but this way.
  好的，如果你看一棵被砍伐的树的树干，对，是这样，不是这样，而是这样。

[03:18] You can see these things here.
  你可以看到这里的东西。

[03:23] What are these?
  这是什么？

[03:25] There's around circles.
  有圆形的圆圈。

[03:28] These aren't a circle or many circles inside a tree trunk.
  这些不是一个圆圈，也不是树干里的许多圆圈。

[03:32] So we want to know about one.
  所以我们想了解一个。

[03:35] We're talking about singular, not plural.
  我们说的是单数，不是复数。

[03:37] One of these is called a ring, a ring, a ring.
  其中一个叫做环，一个环，一个环。

[03:41] Basically is a circular shape, right?
  基本上是一个圆形，对吗？

[03:45] Many married people have a ring on their finger, right?
  许多已婚人士手指上戴着戒指，对吗？

[03:49] It's a it's a round shaped like a circle, right?
  它是一个，它是一个圆形的，像一个圆圈，对吗？

[03:51] And we call these rings, right?
  我们称这些为戒指，对吗？

[03:54] Rings, many we say rings.
  戒指，很多我们说戒指。

[03:59] So our sound a ring, an ng, um, ring, ring, okay.
  所以我们的发音是环，一个ng，嗯，环，环，好的。

[04:08] so we say ring a circle inside a tree trunk wow you can see many rings inside the tree
  所以我们说树干里的一个圆圈的年轮哇，你可以看到树里有很多年轮

[04:14] now we have another word that we can use look at this tree this is a very very big tree it's big we use a special word to say something it's very big
  现在我们有另一个词可以用，看看这棵树，这是一棵非常非常大的树，它很大，我们用一个特殊的词来说它非常大

[04:27] this tree trunk of course this tree trunk is big but look at this tree wow it goes from here all the way over to there that's really big and this is a person here right so that's your scale right
  这棵树干当然这棵树干很大，但看看这棵树哇，它从这里一直延伸到那里，那真的很大，这里有一个人，对吧，所以这就是你的参照物，对吧

[04:39] it's very very big these trees probably are growing in Northern California or Oregon Washington
  它非常非常大，这些树可能生长在加利福尼亚北部、俄勒冈州或华盛顿州

[04:50] the trees are really big in those states in America what do we say they're really big one word we can say they're huge
  在美国的那些州，树真的很大，我们怎么说它们真的很大呢？一个词我们可以说它们是巨大的

[04:58] they're huge they're really really big if you go to Northern California Oregon or Washington State you can see these
  它们是巨大的，它们真的真的很大，如果你去加利福尼亚北部、俄勒冈州或华盛顿州，你就能看到这些

[05:09] trees in the forest yeo-hwa yeo-hwa.
  森林里的树，yeo-hwa yeo-hwa。

[05:11] they're huge they're so amazing we say.
  它们很大，我们说它们太棒了。

[05:15] huge huge is a good word to use it means.
  巨大，巨大是一个很好的词，它的意思是。

[05:19] very very big ok now we have another.
  非常非常大，好的，现在我们有另一个。

[05:23] word here that's interesting.
  这里的词很有趣。

[05:25] because we want to say that this person.
  因为我们想说这个人。

[05:28] is in the middle point of something they.
  处于某事物的中间点，他们。

[05:32] are right in the middle of something you.
  就在某事物的中间，你。

[05:35] have an area or maybe a room but you're.
  有一个区域或者一个房间，但你。

[05:38] right at the middle point of that room.
  就在那个房间的中间点。

[05:41] or that area where are you you are in.
  或者那个区域，你在哪里？你在。

[05:45] the center we say in oops in the center.
  中心，我们说在，哎呀，在中心。

[05:51] in the center in the center of the room.
  在中心，在房间的中心。

[05:55] in the center of the field right in the.
  在场地的中心，就在。

[06:00] center of the paper something that is in.
  纸的中心，某样东西在。

[06:03] the very middle of something the exact.
  某事物的正中间，精确的。

[06:05] middle of something they are in the.
  某事物的中间，它们在。

[06:08] center of it in the center so here we.
  它的中心，在中心，所以我们。

[06:12] have a lot of fruit a lot of fruit right
  有很多水果，很多水果，对吧

[06:15] more than enough there's there's enough food to make us full but there's more than enough
  绰绰有余，有足够的食物让我们吃饱，但绰绰有余

[06:20] we can't eat all of this food we can't eat it so we have plenty
  我们吃不了所有这些食物，我们吃不了，所以我们有的是

[06:25] we have plenty of food we have plenty of fruit we have plenty of wood we have plenty of air right
  我们有很多食物，有很多水果，有很多木头，有很多空气，对吧

[06:34] so we have more than enough we have plenty we have plenty of food
  所以我们绰绰有余，我们有很多，我们有很多食物

[06:40] please come over share our lunch
  请过来分享我们的午餐

[06:41] I have plenty of food I can share my lunch with you I have plenty ok
  我有很多食物，我可以和你分享我的午餐，我有很多，好的

[06:51] another word we have to watch something if you're watching something what are you doing
  换句话说，我们必须看点什么，如果你在看什么，你在做什么

[06:55] you're looking at it so this woman is looking at her shoe right
  你在看它，所以这个女人在看她的鞋子，对吧

[07:00] she's trying to get her shoe maybe she can't but she's looking at it right
  她正试图拿到她的鞋子，也许她拿不到，但她正看着它，对吧

[07:04] she's trying to grab it her she was under her bed but we look at things
  她正试图抓住它，它在她床底下，但我们看东西

[07:09] look at and watch are very similar you watch a television show
  看和观看非常相似，你看电视节目

[07:15] you look at your television you watch a television show you watch your dog you look at your dog right so when you watch something you bought by the way when you want something you watch it for a long time when you look at something it can mean you look at it for a long time it can also mean you look at it to examine it what what's going on what is it ok so look at and watch you're very similar you look at something you watch it see is very quick do you see it yeah I see it it's over there go get up I see it right that's very quick but you look at it ok I'm watching it ok so you look at or watch something and then you see it very quick well I see it it's right there ok ok so those are the differences between look at watch and see ok to make a tree fall down to make a tree fall down this was a huge tree it fell down and then they cut it into pieces they're

[08:16] gonna make wood out of it right what do we say we cut down I just said it.
  我们要用它来做木头，对吧？我们说什么？我们砍倒了。我刚说了。

[08:21] they cut the tree down they cut it down.
  他们砍倒了树，他们把它砍倒了。

[08:23] and they cut it into different pieces.
  然后他们把它切成不同的部分。

[08:25] but when you cut down a tree that means it falls down.
  但是当你砍倒一棵树时，意味着它会倒下。

[08:28] by the way in America when the workers go in the forest and they cut down a tree they yell something.
  顺便说一下，在美国，当工人们走进森林砍倒一棵树时，他们会大喊一声。

[08:33] what do they yell.
  他们喊什么？

[08:36] they yell timber right.
  他们喊“Timber”，对吧？

[08:39] timber timber timber.
  Timber, timber, timber。

[08:43] it means the tree is falling down.
  这意味着树正在倒下。

[08:46] but timber also is another word for wood.
  但是“timber”也是木头的另一个词。

[08:50] it's interesting right.
  这很有趣，对吧？

[08:53] so it's like the workers are going out they cut down the would but they don't say would they say timber.
  所以就像工人们出去砍伐木材，但他们不说“wood”，他们说“timber”。

[08:57] and that means watch out judge male get out of the way all right.
  那意味着“小心，法官，男性，让开”，好吧。

[08:59] so that's very interesting if you're in the forests in America and you hear somebody say Kimber look around right.
  所以这很有趣，如果你在美国的森林里听到有人说“Kimber”，请环顾四周，对吧。

[09:05] there might be a tree falling down hopefully not but probably not.
  可能有一棵树要倒下了，希望不是，但可能不是。

[09:09] but anyway that's what they say when you cut down a tree that's what.
  但无论如何，这就是你们砍倒树时所说的，那就是。

[09:17] happens you make a tree fall down you make it fall down okay something round
  发生，你让一棵树倒下，你让它倒下，好的，圆的东西

[09:24] we talked about that our ring is round
  我们谈到了我们的戒指是圆的

[09:27] but a ring makes a shape
  但是一个戒指构成一个形状

[09:29] what is this shape called it's a circle
  这个形状叫什么？它是一个圆

[09:33] this is a circle we can also say it's a ring like the ring on my finger or the ring in a tree it's a circle it makes a circle it's round
  这是一个圆，我们也可以说它是一个戒指，就像我手指上的戒指，或者树里的年轮，它是一个圆，它构成一个圆，它是圆的

[09:42] so something that is round it makes a circle makes a circle
  所以圆的东西构成一个圆，构成一个圆

[09:52] that's the shape the circle is the shape it is round
  那就是形状，圆是形状，它是圆的

[09:56] you could also say it has a round shape
  你也可以说它有一个圆的形状

[09:58] also a ring our ring is a round shape it is a circle a ring makes a circle okay
  也是一个戒指，我们的戒指是圆的形状，它是一个圆，一个戒指构成一个圆，好的

[10:07] not inside these people are not inside their house they are what the opposite of inside is out side that's very easy
  不是在里面，这些人不在他们的房子里面，他们在外面，里面的反义词是外面，这很简单

[10:18] Right in in out opposite inside means inside a building in a building in a building someplace where you have a roof a ceiling and walls around you you are inside in a building but if you are out of a building there's no ceiling above you is sky around you just air all right then you are outside so inside in a building outside out of a building okay so inside outside next to add up to find the total so this girl is using a very old device to do she's doing what what is she doing she is counting to count one two three four that's one way to count another way is
  在里面，在外面，在对面，在里面意味着在建筑物内，在建筑物内，在建筑物内的某个有屋顶、天花板和四周墙壁的地方，你在建筑物内，但如果你在建筑物外面，上面没有天花板，周围是天空，只有空气，好的，那么你在外面，所以在建筑物内，在建筑物外，在建筑物外，好的，所以里面外面，旁边加起来找到总数，所以这个女孩正在使用一个非常旧的设备来做，她在做什么？她在数数，数一二三四，这是一种计数方式，另一种方式是

[11:20] to add up to find the total let's say you have many pieces of candy you want to know how many pieces of candy do you have.
  加起来找到总数，比如说，你有许多糖果，你想知道你有多少块糖果。

[11:27] you go one two three four da da da da 15 20 50 I have 50 pieces of candy.
  你数一二三四哒哒哒哒15 20 50，我有50块糖果。

[11:39] right so you're counting the pieces of candy don't eat 50 pieces of candy you'll get a stomach ache right.
  对，所以你在数糖果，别吃50块糖果，你会肚子疼的，对吧。

[11:44] just eat one or two pieces of candy but to add up the two find the total you're counting something.
  只吃一两块糖果，但要把这两块加起来找到总数，你在数东西。

[11:51] one two three four and so on to count okay.
  一二三四以此类推来数数，好的。

[11:55] the next word that's kind of a funny picture right these guys are buddies.
  下一个词，这是一个有点有趣的画面，对吧，这些人是哥们。

[12:01] but you can see there's a big difference between these two gentlemen here right.
  但你可以看到，这两个绅士之间有很大的区别，对吧。

[12:03] this guy's huge this guy is not huge.
  这家伙很壮，这家伙不壮。

[12:10] he's not thick.
  他不胖。

[12:12] by the way thick thick also means you know like this right.
  顺便说一下，厚，厚也意味着你知道，像这样，对吧。

[12:14] he's not fat it doesn't necessarily mean fat it just means that he's got a wide body right.
  他不胖，不一定意味着胖，它只是意味着他身体宽大，对吧。

[12:23] he's got a wide body he's thick he's not thick
  他身材宽大，他很壮实，他不壮实

[12:26] when a person isn't thick we say that they are thin thin
  当一个人不壮实的时候，我们说他们是瘦的，瘦

[12:29] so thick and thin are opposites
  所以壮实和瘦是反义词

[12:33] pandeiro right pandeiro
  潘德罗，对吗？潘德罗

[12:36] this man is thick this man is thin
  这个男人很壮实，这个男人很瘦

[12:39] but we don't really say people are thick
  但我们通常不说人是壮实的

[12:42] we kind of say he's big okay
  我们有点说他很大，好的

[12:47] he's a big guy he's a thin guy you can't say thin
  他是个大个子，他是个瘦子，你不能说瘦

[12:50] thin is used for people it's also used for trees right or other things right
  瘦用于人，也用于树，对吗？或者其他东西，对吗？

[12:56] a book a book can be thick or a book can be thin
  一本书，一本书可以很厚，或者一本书可以很薄

[12:59] a thick book a thin book
  一本厚书，一本薄书

[13:03] a big person a thin person okay
  一个高大的人，一个瘦的人，好的

[13:06] we don't really say he's a thick person
  我们通常不说他是个壮实的人

[13:09] we say he's a big person okay
  我们说他是个高大的人，好的

[13:12] now it's time to do the exercises with the words
  现在是时候做这些词的练习了

[13:14] how well do you remember the words we just studied
  你还记得我们刚学的词吗？

[13:16] let's take a look we need to take these words here
  让我们来看看，我们需要把这些词放在这里

[13:20] and put them into sentences in the
  然后把它们放进句子中

[13:24] Blanks let's see what our words are.
  空白，让我们看看我们的词是什么。

[13:27] First our words are wood wood.
  首先我们的词是木头，木头。

[13:27] Next rings.
  接下来是环。

[13:33] Rings center right in the center center.
  环，中心，右边，在中心，中心。

[13:39] Trunk right trunk huge huge and plenty.
  树干，右边，树干，巨大，巨大，而且很多。

[13:48] Plenty these are the words that we need.
  很多，这些是我们需要的词。

[13:52] To fit into these blanks number one that.
  填入这些空白，第一项是那个。

[13:56] Elephant is what now.
  大象是什么，现在。

[13:59] We could say a couple of things the elephant think about an elephant.
  我们可以说几件事，大象，关于大象的思考。

[14:02] Is an elephant a small animal.
  大象是小型动物吗？

[14:04] No an elephant is really really big right.
  不，大象真的真的很大，对吧。

[14:08] So probably our best word we might say that the elephant is what.
  所以，我们最好的词可能是说大象是什么。

[14:12] Our only word here to talk about really really big is huge.
  我们这里唯一用来形容非常非常大的词是巨大。

[14:18] That elephant is huge.
  那头大象是巨大的。

[14:25] really really big if you walk up to an elephant wow it's really big it's huge.
  非常非常大，如果你走到一头大象跟前，哇，它真的很大，它很巨大。

[14:31] number two my desk is made of made of.
  第二，我的桌子是用...做的。

[14:36] what is something here that we use to make things?
  这里有什么东西是我们用来制作东西的？

[14:39] I gave you this example right?
  我给你举了这个例子，对吧？

[14:41] I said we make desks we make chairs we can make toys out of it right?
  我说我们做桌子，我们做椅子，我们可以用它来做玩具，对吧？

[14:47] what is the material we say it is wood?
  这种材料是什么？我们说是木头。

[14:50] my desk is made of wood that's the only material here that we can use to make things.
  我的桌子是用木头做的，这是这里唯一可以用来制作东西的材料。

[14:57] we don't have stone we don't have concrete we don't have other types of materials.
  我们没有石头，我们没有混凝土，我们没有其他类型的材料。

[15:02] the only material we have is wood that's the only one.
  我们唯一的材料是木头，就只有这一种。

[15:05] my desk is made of wood.
  我的桌子是用木头做的。

[15:08] 3.the of that tree is very big.
  三、那棵树的...非常大。

[15:14] so of that tree it's a part of a tree.
  所以，那棵树，它是树的一部分。

[15:18] which word means a part of a tree of course we're looking over here to trunk.
  哪个词的意思是树的一部分？当然，我们看这边，树干。

[15:26] The trunk of that tree is very big.
  那棵树的树干非常粗。

[15:29] We saw the pictures, right?
  我们看到了照片，对吧？

[15:31] The woman standing in front of two trees.
  那个女人站在两棵树前面。

[15:34] One tree was cut down.
  一棵树被砍倒了。

[15:36] It was big, but the tree behind her that was still standing.
  它很大，但她身后的那棵树还站着。

[15:38] Wow, that trunk was really big.
  哇，那树干真的很大。

[15:43] The trunk of that tree was really big.
  那棵树的树干真的很大。

[15:46] It's the main part of the tree.
  它是树的主要部分。

[15:49] Well, we don't really say stem, we say trunk.
  嗯，我们不常说茎，我们说树干。

[15:51] Okay, let's continue on number four.
  好的，我们继续看第四题。

[15:54] Number four starts, do you want some ice cream?
  第四题开始，你想吃冰淇淋吗？

[15:57] Of course, we want some ice cream.
  当然，我们想吃冰淇淋。

[15:59] Of course, do we even have to ask the question?
  当然，我们还需要问这个问题吗？

[16:02] Do you know, I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream?
  你知道吗，我尖叫，你尖叫，我们都为冰淇淋尖叫？

[16:06] So we all want ice cream.
  所以我们都想要冰淇淋。

[16:11] Always, that we shouldn't even ask that question.
  总是，我们甚至都不应该问这个问题。

[16:15] We want ice cream.
  我们想要冰淇淋。

[16:18] Well, do you want some ice cream?
  嗯，你想吃冰淇淋吗？

[16:19] There is beep in the freezer.
  冰箱里有哔哔声。

[16:21] What word goes here?
  这里应该填什么词？

[16:21] There is plenty.
  有的是。

[16:21] There is.
  有。

[16:27] plenty in the freezer that means there's a lot of ice cream in the freezer.
  冰箱里有很多，这意味着冰箱里有很多冰淇淋。

[16:32] there's plenty more than enough help yourself and remember the freezer is the part of the refrigerator that keeps things very cold right.
  有足够多的，请自便，请记住冰箱是冰箱中保持事物非常冷的部分，对吧。

[16:40] you want your ice cream to be cold because if it's not cold its soup look who wants that right.
  你希望你的冰淇淋是冷的，因为如果它不冷，它就是汤，看看谁想要那个，对吧。

[16:48] you want cold delicious ice cream we all want ice cream.
  你想要冷而美味的冰淇淋，我们都想要冰淇淋。

[16:52] do you want some ice cream.
  你想吃点冰淇淋吗？

[16:52] you bet of course we want some ice cream.
  你敢肯定，当然，我们想吃点冰淇淋。

[16:57] there is plenty in the freezer there's plenty in the freezer.
  冰箱里有很多，冰箱里有很多。

[17:00] okay number five this is our class picture I'm in the beep now if you think about a picture right.
  好的，第五个，这是我们的班级合影，我现在在哔哔声中，如果你想到一张照片，对吧。

[17:09] we have a picture like this and a class picture means there's many people in the picture right.
  我们有这样的照片，班级合影意味着照片里有很多很多人，对吧。

[17:15] so I'm not a very good artist right but you would have all of your friends and maybe your teacher in the back right.
  所以我不是一个很好的艺术家，对吧，但你会有你所有的朋友，也许还有你的老师在后面，对吧。

[17:24] but you've got all your friends all your classmates here these.
  但你在这里有你所有的朋友，你所有的同学，这些。

[17:30] Are these are people okay? I'm not a good artist.
  这些人还好吗？我不是一个好画家。

[17:32] Okay, but I'm in the what you're talking about this person right here in the middle.
  好的，但我是在你说的这个人就在中间。

[17:37] In the middle, right in the middle of the picture.
  在中间，就在图片的中间。

[17:40] I'm in the center, I'm in the center of the picture.
  我在中心，我在图片的中心。

[17:43] This is our class picture.
  这是我们的班级合影。

[17:46] I'm in the center, I'm in the of the picture number six.
  我在中心，我在第六张图片的中心。

[17:50] These circles, so remember the circles, right?
  这些圆圈，所以记住这些圆圈，对吧？

[17:54] They are called what? What are we looking at?
  它们叫什么？我们在看什么？

[17:58] We're looking at rings.
  我们在看环。

[18:00] These are called rings.
  这些叫做环。

[18:02] These circles, especially when you cut a tree and you look at the circles in the wood.
  这些圆圈，特别是当你砍伐一棵树并观察木头中的圆圈时。

[18:08] Those are called rings.
  那些叫做环。

[18:08] Rings are a circular shape and there's many kinds of rings to in the wood.
  环是圆形的，木头里也有很多种环。

[18:15] The ring is just a ring in the tree.
  环只是树中的一个环。

[18:15] You can have a ring made of metal.
  你可以有一个金属做的环。

[18:18] There's a famous movie right, maybe you saw it about a very famous ring right and a little creature that goes eyebrows, yes, right, that movie.
  有一部著名的电影，你可能看过，是关于一个非常著名的戒指和一个小生物，它长着眉毛，是的，对，就是那部电影。

[18:31] is about our ring too right okay so.
  也关于我们的戒指，对吧？好的，那么。

[18:33] circles are called rings okay okay well.
  圆圈叫做环，好的，好的，嗯。

[18:37] that wraps up the vocabulary section of this lesson.
  这就结束了本课的词汇部分。

[18:39] let's take a short break.
  让我们休息一下。

[18:41] we'll come back and we'll look at the reading passage.
  我们会回来看看阅读部分。

[18:43] so don't go away okay guys welcome back.
  所以，别走开，好的，各位，欢迎回来。

[18:45] let's go over the reading section of this lesson together.
  让我们一起来复习本课的阅读部分。

[18:49] remember the title is how old is that tree.
  记住，标题是那棵树有多老。

[18:51] so this reading passage will tell us how we can find the age of a tree.
  所以，这篇阅读文章会告诉我们如何找到一棵树的年龄。

[18:59] are you ready let's begin.
  你准备好了吗？我们开始吧。

[19:04] the first sentence is how old are you.
  第一句话是：你多大了？

[19:10] we know the answer right it's easy to ask someone their age.
  我们知道答案，对吧？问别人的年龄很容易。

[19:13] it's easy right.
  很容易，对吧？

[19:16] I say how old are you and you say I'm 7 years old right.
  我说：你多大了？你说：我7岁了，对吧？

[19:19] but be careful don't ask a woman how old she is.
  但要小心，不要问女人她多大了。

[19:22] she gets very angry right.
  她会非常生气，对吧？

[19:25] that's a secret.
  那是秘密。

[19:28] but for most other people right especially children it's a.
  但对于大多数其他人来说，对吧？尤其是孩子，这是个。

[19:31] Good question, how old are you?
  好问题，你多大了？

[19:34] I'm five and a half years old.
  我五岁半了。

[19:36] Right, they're very happy to say how old they are.
  对，他们很高兴说出自己的年龄。

[19:39] So it's easy to ask someone their age.
  所以问别人的年龄很容易。

[19:42] They can tell you, but how do you ask a tree?
  他们可以告诉你，但你怎么问一棵树呢？

[19:51] Trees don't talk, they can't say I'm five years old, they can't do that, right?
  树不会说话，它们不能说我五岁了，它们做不到，对吧？

[19:57] If I say, 'Hey tree, how old are you?'
  如果我说，“嘿，树，你多大了？”

[20:00] Huh, gamey?
  哈，嘎吱作响？

[20:03] I got a gamey in my ear and okay, that's not good.
  我耳朵里有嘎吱声，好吧，那不好。

[20:05] The tree can't tell me how old it is.
  树不能告诉我它有多大。

[20:10] Trees don't talk like people do, like us.
  树不像我们人那样说话。

[20:15] But that's not a problem, it's not a problem, don't worry.
  但这不成问题，不成问题，别担心。

[20:17] If trees don't talk, that the fact that trees don't talk, that is not a problem.
  如果树不说话，树不说话这个事实，不成问题。

[20:30] We can find out by looking at their trunk at
  我们可以通过看它们的树干来找出答案

[20:35] their trunk of the tree so we can see

[20:39] that you know it's easy to ask other

[20:41] people how old they are they'll tell us

[20:42] trees can't talk right but don't worry

[20:45] it's not a problem we can find out by

[20:48] looking at their trunk

[20:50] okay so let's review here how old are

[20:53] you it's easy to ask someone their age

[20:57] but how do you ask a tree trees don't

[21:02] talk like us but that's not a problem we

[21:07] can find out by looking at their trunk

[21:12] of course we have to kill the tree but

[21:14] that's okay okay first find a tree find

[21:19] a tree that has been cut down don't cut

[21:23] the tree yourself right find a tree

[21:26] that's been cut down by somebody else

[21:28] right

[21:28] find a tree that has been cut down it's

[21:32] already been cut down like this tree

[21:35] here right you will see some circles you

[21:39] will see some circles in the tree in the

[21:41] trunk of the tree the circle in the

[21:45] center in the center that's right here

[21:48] right in the middle the circle in the

[21:50] center you see it's very small it's hard

[21:53] to see that it's small it's very small

[21:56] they what is day right we're talking

[21:59] about some circles we say one circle is

[22:02] part of those some circles but they

[22:06] those circles right they some circles

[22:09] get bigger because we're talking about

[22:11] the circles in the tree trunk they get

[22:14] bigger

[22:16] as you go towards the outside of the

[22:20] tree this is the outside of the tree so

[22:24] they get bigger they get bigger they get

[22:28] larger bigger towards towards in the

[22:32] direction of see the arrows that I'm

[22:34] drawing here right they get bigger

[22:36] towards the outside of the tree so as

[22:40] you go from the center towards the

[22:42] outside the circles get bigger

[22:45] okay so let's review first find a tree

[22:49] that has been cut down has been cut down

[22:54] you will see some circles you will see

[22:58] some circles the circle in the center is

[23:01] small they get bigger towards the

[23:05] outside of the tree so they get bigger

[23:09] towards the outside of the tree this

[23:12] says the direction the direction from

[23:14] the center to the outside of the tree

[23:16] those circles get bigger what's next

[23:20] these circles are called rings this is a

[23:23] good picture right you can see the Rings

[23:25] very easily these circles are called

[23:28] rings are called so circles are rings

[23:34] each ring each individual ring each ring

[23:39] is for one year of growing so each ring

[23:44] that you can see here is one year it

[23:48] shows one year during the tree as the

[23:51] tree was growing count all of the Rings

[23:55] we talked about count one two three four

[23:58] count all of the Rings I think you have

[24:02] this picture in your book if you count

[24:04] the Rings one two three four five six

[24:06] seven eight nine ten I counted before I

[24:08] got about twenty seven sometimes it

[24:11] could be twenty eight it could be twenty

[24:12] six around there but it's about twenty

[24:15] seven rings so count all of the Rings I

[24:18] counted it's about twenty seven maybe

[24:23] you see twenty eight maybe you only see

[24:26] 26 it's a little hard sometimes but I

[24:28] counted twenty

[24:29] seven they they who are they the Rings

[24:34] they tell us how old the tree is so if

[24:40] you see 27 rings what does that mean it

[24:44] means the tree is 27 years old tell us

[24:52] how old the tree is how old is a tree 27

[24:55] rings the tree is 27 years old

[24:58] in that case ok let's review these

[25:02] circles are called rings each ring each

[25:07] ring is for 1 year of growing counts

[25:12] right count all of the Rings 1 2 3 4 5 6

[25:17] they tell us how old the tree is the

[25:21] Rings tell us how old the tree is and

[25:24] when I counted I counted 27 so I think

[25:28] this tree is 27 years old okay next now

[25:34] this is interesting too the Rings aren't

[25:36] just the same right they're different

[25:39] rings some rings are wide or you could

[25:43] say thick in this case some rings are

[25:46] wide a wide ring a wide ring is a good

[25:52] year for the tree so a wide ring is or

[25:56] shows we could also put shows here shows

[25:59] if you see a wide ring that means it was

[26:04] a good year for the tree what does that

[26:07] mean a good year

[26:09] it means the tree got plenty of rain and

[26:14] Sun that year so it was a good year

[26:18] because the tree got a lot of plenty of

[26:22] rain a lot of water came down a lot of

[26:25] Sun came on the tree so these are things

[26:28] that the tree needs to grow big and

[26:31] strong

[26:32] so it was a good year it got plenty of

[26:34] rain it got plenty of Sun so the wood in

[26:39] the trunk

[26:40] grew much bigger

[26:42] with a lot of rain plenty of rain plenty

[26:45] of Sun the wood will grow much bigger

[26:48] than if it doesn't get a lot of rain or

[26:52] if there's only a little bit of rain or

[26:53] a little bit of Sun right then it

[26:55] doesn't grow that much that big but if

[26:57] there's a lot of rain there's plenty of

[26:59] rain plenty of Sun then the trunk will

[27:02] grow much bigger okay

[27:04] so let's review some rings are wide a

[27:07] wide ring is a good year for the tree it

[27:13] means the tree got plenty of rain and

[27:18] Sun that year the wood in the trunk grew

[27:23] much bigger okay

[27:26] so like for example this tree had many

[27:29] good years it grew very big okay so the

[27:32] wooden the trunk grew much bigger okay

[27:35] some rings are wide but some rings are

[27:39] thin right some rings are thin the tree

[27:43] didn't did not did not get much rain or

[27:48] Sun in those years those years the years

[27:53] where the rings are thin those years

[27:56] right

[27:57] so each ring is one year so if a ring is

[28:01] thin that means it's a year that year

[28:05] those years they did not get did not get

[28:09] much rain or Sun some trees are huge

[28:14] right we saw the picture of the huge

[28:16] tree some trees are huge they're really

[28:20] really big they have hundreds hundreds

[28:24] of rings you're sitting counter one two

[28:26] three four five an hour later 150 151

[28:29] 152 hours later 272 273 they have

[28:35] hundreds of rings guess how old they are

[28:40] well of course they are hundreds of

[28:43] years old

[28:45] hundreds of years old and that's true

[28:54] some trees

[28:55] very very old two hundred three hundred

[28:59] four hundred five hundred years old some

[29:03] trees have been around for a long long

[29:05] long time okay so these trees are huge

[29:10] they have hundreds of rings in there in

[29:14] their trunk okay let's review here some

[29:17] rings are thin the tree didn't get much

[29:20] rain or Sun in those years some trees

[29:24] are huge and have hundreds of rings

[29:28] guess how old they are well we know

[29:31] they're hundreds of years old right

[29:34] okay let's do our reading comprehension

[29:36] questions how well do you remember the

[29:39] reading let's take a look again number

[29:42] one question as always this story is

[29:45] about so always we're asking about what

[29:47] is the main subject the main topic of

[29:51] this reading passage what are we talking

[29:54] about a elephant trunks B rings and

[29:58] necklaces see old people or D trees

[30:04] let's go over each one

[30:05] first of all a elephant trunks what is

[30:09] an elephant trunk well you know an

[30:11] elephant right the elephant has a really

[30:13] long nose that's one of the unique

[30:16] features of an elephant they have the

[30:18] long nose and they can reach around and

[30:20] oh right a big elephant with the long

[30:23] nose that nose is called a trunk are we

[30:26] talking about elephant noses in this

[30:28] meeting passage it no we didn't say

[30:30] anything about elephants so that is not

[30:33] the answer

[30:34] no B rings and necklaces see here

[30:38] they're using that other word remember I

[30:40] showed you my ring and if I can get off

[30:43] my finger ring and necklaces this

[30:46] they're using another meaning for ring

[30:48] this is a ring short it's a metal ring

[30:51] it's jewelry Jewelry whoops let me do

[30:56] that again

[30:56] J E W jewelry je wel ry jewelry rings

[31:04] and necklaces made of gold silver or

[31:07] other

[31:09] materials right that's jewelry rings and

[31:12] necklaces but we're not talking about

[31:15] this type of ring we're not talking

[31:17] about jewelry

[31:19] oh we're not talking about that in this

[31:21] reading passage we're not talking about

[31:23] jewelry see old people are we talking

[31:27] about old people in this passage I don't

[31:30] remember anything about old people all

[31:32] right we didn't say anything about old

[31:34] people we talked about how old trees are

[31:37] that's our subject we're talking about

[31:39] trees so our subject for this story is

[31:43] trees how old is the tree and not only

[31:47] can we find out how old the tree is we

[31:50] can also see what the life of the tree

[31:53] was like some good years or some bad

[31:56] years we can look at the rings in the

[31:59] tree not only can we see how old the

[32:02] tree is we can also find out about the

[32:05] life of the tree so we're talking about

[32:08] trees okay that's our main subject

[32:11] that's our main topic so d is the answer

[32:15] okay question number two rings tell us

[32:19] what do rings tell us about the tree a

[32:22] how old the tree is B how much something

[32:27] costs see the future D funny stories

[32:32] okay well if we take a look here rings

[32:35] tell us a how old the tree is that's our

[32:38] answer isn't it it's how old the tree is

[32:40] we saw when we cut the the tree we count

[32:43] the rings so rings tell us how all the

[32:47] tree is because we count the Rings we

[32:54] count the Rings and that tells us how

[32:57] old a tree is let's just look at the

[33:00] other answers for practice B how much

[33:03] something costs so the Rings in a tree

[33:06] oh this tree must cost something no but

[33:09] that doesn't tell us anything that's not

[33:11] how we figure out how much it a tree

[33:13] costs or how much wood costs that

[33:15] doesn't have anything to do with it

[33:16] right so that's not true see the future

[33:20] did the reading passage say anything

[33:22] about us being able to look at the rings

[33:25] of a tree and saying oh in the future

[33:27] you will get to married and have five

[33:30] children did it say anything about that

[33:32] no that's crazy right

[33:34] it did not say anything about predicting

[33:38] the future by looking at the rings of a

[33:40] tree D funny stories so the rings in a

[33:46] tree if we listen to the tree right it's

[33:49] telling us funny stories no that's crazy

[33:52] the reading passage didn't say anything

[33:54] about that and besides that's very silly

[33:56] isn't it so the reading passage told us

[33:59] that rings tell us a how old a tree is

[34:03] by the way that's one thing the reading

[34:05] passage to us

[34:06] they told us how old the tree is there

[34:08] was another thing the rings also tell us

[34:10] what the rings also tell us if it was a

[34:14] good year or a bad year for the tree

[34:16] right thick rings mean the Sun the tree

[34:19] got lots of rain and Sun a thin ring

[34:23] means the tree got a little rain and a

[34:26] little Sun so rings tell us two things

[34:29] one how old the tree is yes but it also

[34:33] tells us if the year was a good year or

[34:35] a bad year for the tree okay so that

[34:38] brings us to question three and I just

[34:41] talked about question three when we

[34:42] talked about question two

[34:44] number three is a wide ring a wide ring

[34:48] means the tree what we have four

[34:51] possible answers

[34:52] a B C and D a got too much rain and Sun

[34:56] that year B didn't get enough rain and

[35:00] Sun that year C got plenty of dirt and

[35:04] air that year D got plenty of rain and

[35:08] Sun that year be careful there's kind of

[35:11] like a little bit of a trick in these

[35:13] answers and of course we can see pretty

[35:16] quickly what the answer is right I just

[35:18] said when I was talking about question

[35:20] number two that a wide ring means the

[35:23] tree got plenty plenty of rain and Sun

[35:27] that year so D is the answer right we

[35:29] just talked about that but you might get

[35:32] confused with a where it says got too

[35:35] much

[35:35] rain and Sun that year so we have to be

[35:38] careful about the difference between

[35:40] plenty and too much when we look at

[35:44] these when you say I got plenty of

[35:46] something or I have plenty of something

[35:49] it means you have enough maybe more than

[35:51] enough but you're gonna use it all it's

[35:53] a positive it's a positive word I have

[35:57] plenty of food I can share with you but

[36:00] if you say I have too much too much is

[36:04] negative that means I don't want it if I

[36:08] say oh I have too much food I'm gonna be

[36:11] sick right because I ate too much food I

[36:14] ate more than I needed to eat I have too

[36:19] much too much is negative plenty is

[36:22] positive a treat can't have too much

[36:26] rain well I guess it could have too much

[36:27] rain too much rain means and the tree

[36:30] washes away in a flood that could be

[36:32] dangerous right but a wide ring means

[36:34] that tree got plenty and that's positive

[36:37] not too much rain and Sun right too much

[36:40] rain and Sun maybe the tree will die

[36:42] because it gets too much water it's

[36:44] under water too much Sun all the water

[36:47] goes away and it burns up right so so

[36:50] that could be negative when we say too

[36:52] much we mean it's negative so be careful

[36:57] with that

[36:58] whenever you say to my coffee is too hot

[37:04] I can't drink it it's too hot but if you

[37:07] say my coffee is is is hot you don't

[37:11] really really don't say it's plenty hot

[37:13] you just say it's hot enough right but

[37:15] if you say you have plenty of something

[37:17] that's positive positive if you say I

[37:23] had I have plenty of food that's good I

[37:26] have plenty of food I don't worry but if

[37:29] you say I have too much food maybe

[37:31] that's a problem I can't eat it all it's

[37:33] gonna go to waste

[37:34] okay so too much is negative plenty is

[37:37] positive be careful we're talking about

[37:40] D is the answer here because the a wide

[37:43] ring means that the tree got plenty of

[37:45] rain and Sun let's just look at B didn't

[37:47] get enough

[37:48] get enough did not get enough that's not

[37:52] true right because a wide ring means it

[37:54] got plenty see got plenty of dirt and

[37:58] air we the reading passage didn't talk

[38:01] about dirt and air it talked about Sun

[38:05] and rain and that's what we've got here

[38:08] rain and Sun so D is our correct answer

[38:10] because it's using plenty which is a

[38:13] positive word and we're talking about

[38:15] rain and Sun so be careful especially

[38:18] between plenty and too much okay as a

[38:21] long explanation okay let's move on to

[38:23] the next part the summary how can we

[38:27] tell the age of a tree that is the title

[38:30] of our lesson how can we tell the age of

[38:33] a tree we know each ring is for one year

[38:37] of growing so it's easy we saw in the

[38:41] reading passage that if a tree has been

[38:43] cut this way not this way because you

[38:46] can't tell right it's got to be cut

[38:48] across the tree if it's cut across a

[38:50] tree you can count the Rings and before

[38:53] when I counted the Rings here I saw that

[38:55] there are 27 rings maybe you counted 28

[38:59] or 26 I don't know I was trying to count

[39:02] here maybe there's a little bit more now

[39:04] that the picture is a bit bigger I can

[39:05] see there's a lot more maybe there's

[39:07] more than 27 maybe there's something

[39:09] like 33 or 34 but anyway if we count

[39:15] these rings we can see each ring is for

[39:18] one year of growth so this tree is about

[39:20] 30 years old about 30 years old maybe a

[39:24] little bit less maybe a little bit more

[39:26] but this tree is about 30 years old and

[39:29] the Rings remember they don't just tell

[39:32] us when the how old the tree is the

[39:36] Rings also tell us if it was a good year

[39:39] or a bad year for the tree so that's a

[39:42] very important a very interesting fact

[39:45] that we can find out by trees because

[39:48] when we go in the forest we can see

[39:49] trees are all around us and sometimes we

[39:52] want to know well how old is this forest

[39:55] how old are these trees you'll be

[39:57] surprised some trees are much much older

[40:00] than any human

[40:01] being but some trees are very young you

[40:05] can find out if you count the rings of a

[40:07] tree

[40:08] okay well that about wraps it up for

[40:10] this lesson I hope you've learned a lot

[40:11] it's a very interesting subject isn't it

[40:13] well we'll see you guys

[40:15] maybe next time take care of you guys

[40:16] bye