# Great Power cum Super Power Policies and Influences throughout the 20th Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqzOkNpr3nc

[00:06] Good evening.
[00:08] You are welcome to our live broadcast on the tutorial on great powers rivalry.
[00:19] Great power rivalries throughout the 20th century.
[00:25] And once more the network has been quite bad here, but we'll try as much as possible to deliver the lecture.
[00:42] Just like I was saying last time we met, I was able to let you know how great powers policies influenced what later communed to be the first world war.
[00:58] Today we'll be discussing how those policies throughout the 20th centuries have influenced.
[01:07] Another war which is the second world war and also ended up becoming the cold war which almost throughout the 20th century the world for the first time had two superpowers who clashed with each.
[01:28] And this superpowers influence also created what we know of the second world war.
[01:36] But before I think is best we do some recap of what actually happened before the first world war.
[01:46] We all have knew how I was able to explain that in 1888 the leader of Germany Kawi foreign policy changed and once that policy changed it had an effect on.
[02:10] The balance of power.
[02:13] It had an effect on the balance of power situation which later completed into what we call the first world war.
[02:22] And once that first world war is a war which had its influence over so many nations.
[02:32] So many nations were affected by the first world war.
[02:37] But the second world war did happen because of the policy mistakes or miscalculation that was made at a place called Vas.
[02:50] Some decisions were taken which later influenced the policies which later influenced the policies which later affected other nations which led to the second world war.
[03:09] But I must say that the second world war.
[03:13] Is an offshoot of what happened with the first world war.
[03:16] The second world war is an offshoot of what happened in the first world war.
[03:24] In the first world war arms race you were raised in the 19th century.
[03:30] The naval arms race, the military alliances, the dual alliance, the entente cordiale, and later the alliance, the triple alliance.
[03:44] All this led to what ended up as the first world war.
[03:49] The events at the Balkans and even later some of those events at the Balkans.
[03:57] You remember the explanation I gave to you as regards the killing of the Archduke Ferdinand.
[04:03] All this created the notion which ended in the first world war.
[04:11] And one issue which
[04:14] Came up in during the meeting adversars was the fact that adversars at that meeting some decisions were taken which later was not.
[04:31] Those decisions taken were not palatable with those who lost the war.
[04:34] And who are those who lost the war?
[04:40] One of those nations which who lost the war, the Ottoman Empire which was affected so much by what the war ending not in his favor and also not just the Ottoman Empire, we also have the Germans who who lost that ball.
[05:05] This and the um Anglo um the Austrogarian Empire also were part of those who lost the war.
[05:12] But.
[05:15] The war was lost majorly by people, um, the Ottoman Empire.
[05:21] Because the Ottoman Empire, who had control of most places in the Middle East, found out that by the loss of the war and by the decisions taken, advers seem to have tumbled against it.
[05:43] All those nations which were its colony or controlled by it were all lost, and they became nations as a result of the decisions taken adversaras.
[05:59] And one thing which happened immediately, the Ottoman Empire lost.
[06:02] Remember, the Ottoman Empire had always been a weak, sick baby.
[06:07] Even in the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire had always been a sick baby, weak.
[06:14] But other.
[06:19] Powers has always shed it up, defended it one way or the other.
[06:25] Remember what happened at the Creian war where the Russians were looking for way to take some territories of the Ottoman Empire.
[06:37] But but for the support of the British, that never really happened.
[06:43] The Ottoman Empire had always been an empire.
[06:47] If you trace it back, had been an empire that has influence on Europe.
[06:53] So many n states, nationalities in the bakans had been under the tutilage of the Ottoman Empire.
[07:06] And the Ottoman Empire had always been that power which had always either been root not properly defined.
[07:16] Is it Asian?
[07:20] Or Europe?
[07:24] The Ottoman Empire had always created that empirical question which we call the eastern question.
[07:37] Is Europe in the east?
[07:37] Is Europe in the west?
[07:40] Those kind of questions have always been answered.
[07:43] And even till today we still see the offshoot of the Ottoman Empire sometimes saying we are Europeans.
[07:53] Sometimes it geography is in where is in Asia.
[07:56] But with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, so many nations came up from the Ottoman Empire.
[08:10] Nations such as Turkey, Iraq, Iran, all so and so many nations came up.
[08:18] Lebanon.
[08:21] Syria, all these nations became stood on its own.
[08:29] But some so many of them were still mandate nations.
[08:31] Mandate which means we are divided either to the British or the French.
[08:39] And one of those groups who suffered so much during this breakup was a group of people called the Cords.
[08:49] The cause they suffered so much during this breakup and today you can find it to cause in Syria, Lebanon, so many places, Iran, Iraq and all that.
[08:58] The courts continue to have one issue or the other.
[09:06] Then of course Lebanon was created.
[09:09] Even the Arabs still show their anger by the creation of Lebanon because it was believed it was created by the French to appease the Maronite Christians.
[09:19] To
[09:22] Appease the Maronite Christians and because of this sometimes you could see the politics in Lebanon even till today.
[09:31] So many of you would have heard of the Hisba and all that.
[09:36] You would have seen the politics of different groups coming up to try to control the politics of that place.
[09:45] So the defeat of the Ottoman Empire created so many of these things, created the situation where so many states became uh were were created as an offshoot.
[10:01] Remember that in the Balkans the Ottoman Empire was originally the controller of those places in the Balkans, but the Austro-Hungarian Empire had tried to dominate it, but all these groups lost in the First World War and all those lands.
[10:24] In the Balkans also we have broken places like Croatia, Czechoslovakia, and all that places they were all made to become independent.
[10:38] Whereas in the Middle East all those places that were broken we are either given to the British, the French as mandates which means this that were uh to be controlled by either these two great powers.
[10:54] So you could see that the influence of the first world war is not even just an influence which um was there only in Europe.
[11:08] He's also had his influence in Asia which is the Middle East.
[11:13] Also had his influence in Africa if I may come in in places like Cameroon which was a land originally colonized by Germany.
[11:23] It was.
[11:27] That's why if you go to Cameroon today, you hear French Cameroon and also British Cameroon and all that.
[11:36] That's why today you hear of the language issue where the French is accused of being overbearing on those of the British Cameroonians.
[11:55] The French Cameroonians are seen to be overbearing on those of the British Cameroon.
[11:59] These were all apart from that Germany was made to pay reparations.
[12:06] These are policies which, out of multilateralism, created by a man who was the president of the United States of America.
[12:22] It was a creation of through him that multilateral states an organization.
[12:29] Could be created which the organization later culminated to become what we call the League of Nations.
[12:37] That organization communed to what we call the League of Nations.
[12:42] You could see that from this perspective multilateralism came up instead of the old bilateral balance of power system.
[12:53] The whole bilateral balance of power system which so many persons so many scholars have seen as an part of the reasons why the first world war came a multilateral reason was now something which was a creation of woodism came up to the Europe and told them of the 14point agenda where nations will come together and discuss issues that has to do with peace.
[13:25] But I have at Vas so many.
[13:29] Decisions were taken, but those decisions were so much anti-Germany.
[13:40] You could see clearly now that he's anti-the Ottoman Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire has been broken to pieces through the bans.
[13:51] So you could see that so many things did happen after the First World War.
[13:56] The victorious powers were happy with that victory and as such forced his influence on those who lost the war.
[14:09] And the influence also moved, his policies also moved to affect places in Africa, places in Asia, which I've been able to explain to you.
[14:24] It affected places in Africa, places in Asia, which I've been able to explain to.
[14:30] You.
[14:30] So you could see that the defeat of Germany, the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the defeat of the Oso Hungarian Empire had created some form of new world order in the world.
[14:51] Nations prior to the first world war that did not exist began to exist.
[14:58] Nations prior to the first world war that did not exist began to exist out of the fact that the um Otoman Empire, the AustroHungarian Empire and even the Germans were defeated and the defeat of Germany meant that Germany was even forced to pay reparations.
[15:24] Germany was forced to pay reparations and the reparation Germany was forced to.
[15:30] Pay created a situation which made the Germans impoverished.
[15:38] That period where after the first world war, the decade immediately after the first world war, the loss of Germany and his other groups was in 1918, 1919.
[15:51] The Vasa treaty was held and all that.
[15:58] After the defeat of Germany, a new kind system of a new government came into power.
[16:06] That government which came into power is called, uh, that period is called the Whmer Republic.
[16:13] And the Wema Republic was is a group of Republicans who tried to create a republican system from, uh, Germany.
[16:29] Remember that prior to the.
[16:33] First World War, Germans were ruled by the chancellor and also the Kaiser, which is the king, and that was how it was done.
[16:44] Immediately after this First World War, a new system of leadership of government came up.
[16:54] And you remember one of the major nations that changed the whole thing, the Americans joined in that war and also the British.
[17:10] The Entente had the British added to it.
[17:12] And for the British and the Germans, they were supposed—I'm talking about the first, before the First World War—they were supposed to be close allies because, um, the, in terms of the monarchy, the both can be traced to the.
[17:37] Monarchy both can be traced to the monarch, but for some reason interest differ and war started.
[17:47] And with the women republic, Germany became impoverished.
[17:51] America, who came with the multilateral system, changed his policy to isolationism.
[17:59] And the isolationism view of the American people meant that America went back to its cocoon.
[18:15] But even America going back to the cocoon, the companies in America were becoming globalist.
[18:24] They were, for instance, a lot of loan went to Germany through companies in America.
[18:28] The banks in America, a lot of uh companies, American companies went out.
[18:39] There, went abroad to invest and do so many things.
[18:44] So you could see that all these were happening even though America was pricing as but in his foreign policy America did not join the League of Nations.
[18:57] America did not join the league.
[18:59] They left others great powers to do that.
[19:04] They left other powers to do that.
[19:06] And because they left other powers to do that, he became one of the weaknesses of the League of Nations because a major power not yet a superpower then was out of it.
[19:22] Even in 1926 the Germans were brought even into the league but the league was not um that strong league was not that strong.
[19:37] So you could see that with all.
[19:40] This the arrangement made after the first world war made the policies foreign policies of the great powers also become a clash on its own.
[19:56] May the policies of the great power also become a clash on its own and created what later culminated in the creation of a a German agitated German state created what later became a creation of the agitated German states.
[20:15] What I mean by that is that the German people were not having it easy.
[20:22] The economy was poor.
[20:26] The people were they just left war and the situation was quite bad.
[20:35] And as such they would listen to political leaders who would try to tell them that of.
[20:43] course they would
[20:45] with when they come into power these
[20:48] powers when they come into power these
[20:51] powers I mean when they come into power
[20:54] as leaders of Germany or leaders of
[20:58] wherever they want they feel that that
[21:02] would invariably
[21:05] you know people are always looking
[21:06] forward to see their to to to see
[21:12] someone who will deliver them and that
[21:14] was how
[21:17] a man such as Adolf Hitler came into
[21:20] power and the Nazis
[21:22] because of the rtories which they made
[21:24] but we won't be going into all that
[21:27] it's we are dealing with the policies
[21:29] which created these things we are
[21:32] dealing with the policies which created
[21:35] this situ
[21:38] sorry the network has been quite
[21:41] terrible
[21:43] but let's try it one more time it
[21:46] doesn't work
[21:48] we have to find other means to deliver
[21:53] the lecture
[21:54] to deliver the tutorial I want to
[21:59] say that I'm quite sorry
[22:03] it happens that way.
[22:05] So I will try as much as possible to be
[22:08] as fast as possible
[22:10] so that we those of you listening to me
[22:15] would understand better. But
[22:19] a leader came into Germany. So let's
[22:21] start from there. A leader came into
[22:22] Germany.
[22:24] That leader who came to Germany kept on
[22:28] hammering that he would deliver the
[22:30] Germans.
[22:32] And the policy of this leader was one
[22:36] that is aggressive anti-Jew
[22:42] super claiming superior alian race and
[22:46] all that.
[22:47] And this leader
[22:50] attitude
[22:52] created a lot of things which ended up
[22:56] culminating
[22:58] in the second world war. The attitude of
[23:03] this leader created a lot of issues
[23:06] which ended up creating the second world
[23:10] war. I think we should not um too much
[23:16] dwell on his policy. We will just look
[23:20] at the foreign policies of this leader
[23:22] was aggressive
[23:24] was interested in taking lads was not
[23:28] shy about it.
[23:30] took Czechoslovakia,
[23:32] took Austria
[23:34] and what culminated and created was the
[23:38] fact that the leader which is Adolf
[23:41] Hitler decided to take a place called
[23:44] Danzik
[23:45] in a place called Warsaw in Poland
[23:50] and the in September 1939
[23:54] and this
[23:57] triggered other nations who had be
[24:00] reluctant.
[24:02] Chalin and co have been reluctant
[24:07] to start a war with Adolf Hitler, but
[24:12] they had no choice. After the taking
[24:16] over in in Britain itself,
[24:21] um a new leader came into power, Winston
[24:25] Churchill
[24:27] who they did not
[24:31] like the appeasement policy of
[24:33] Chamberlain and this new leader.
[24:35] Churchill decided
[24:38] to take it out with the Germans.
[24:43] Even in 1938,
[24:46] Chamberlain who was the leader that was
[24:50] deposed or removed
[24:53] of course through politics democra the
[24:55] pro democracy. Then Chamberlain had had
[25:00] a Monique agreement where some
[25:02] agreements was made with the Germans.
[25:05] that they found out after the def taking
[25:08] of Danik and the defeat of the Polish
[25:12] military,
[25:14] they found out that there's no way they
[25:17] could allow
[25:20] this leader to continue in his
[25:24] aggressiveness.
[25:26] As such,
[25:30] Churchill
[25:32] decided to
[25:35] to uh to confront
[25:40] the Germans. The Germans
[25:43] Blicks reach they call their strategy.
[25:47] They are able to defeat nations
[25:51] even up to France
[25:54] and France was even divided into two
[25:58] vi France
[26:00] and also
[26:03] uh a place car two3 of the land given to
[26:07] the Germans one/ird
[26:10] controlled by the French. So you could
[26:13] see how the Germans were able to push
[26:18] their way. But the Germans were not
[26:20] doing this alone. The ais power then was
[26:25] Germany,
[26:28] Japan
[26:31] and Italy.
[26:33] These three powers
[26:35] were like a replica of what happened in
[26:38] the first world war. challenging the
[26:42] status quo. They challenging the status
[26:45] quo. But at the end of the second world
[26:49] war, the Germans I don't want to go into
[26:53] the details because of the network. The
[26:56] Germans
[26:58] lost this war this time around. not only
[27:02] lost this world, this war also
[27:08] had so many of his people killed,
[27:14] the cities destroyed
[27:17] and prior to the period they would be
[27:21] defeated in the
[27:24] the Germans will be defeated.
[27:27] three leaders Roosevelt,
[27:30] Churchill
[27:32] and also
[27:35] Stalin
[27:38] were looking at post German
[27:41] uh victory I mean the victory over
[27:45] Germany. They were looking at it and
[27:47] what they intend to do after the defeat
[27:51] of Germany and they met at a place
[27:55] called Ya.
[27:57] They met at a place called Ya.
[28:00] Rusev
[28:02] and Churchill
[28:05] all were there with their counterpart
[28:09] Stalin.
[28:10] together these new allies.
[28:15] Russia
[28:18] Roosevelt representing the United States
[28:20] of America,
[28:21] Chuchi representing Great Britain,
[28:26] Stalin representing the Soviet Union.
[28:30] They were all there. And while there,
[28:34] these three allied leaders
[28:37] toasted to their victory. But while they
[28:40] were toasting to their victory, they had
[28:43] three different agendas.
[28:45] While they were toasting two victory,
[28:48] they had three different agendas.
[28:51] What do I mean? Three differences were
[28:54] there. The differences were reflected in
[28:57] the discussions of the three leaders at
[29:01] that place called Ya.
[29:06] One of the
[29:08] let me just try to encapsulate those
[29:13] differences. Let me try to encapsulate
[29:15] those differences. For Chuchi, for
[29:17] instance, it meant to him a free Chuchi
[29:23] remember represents Great Britain. It
[29:25] meant to him a free and democratic
[29:28] Europe. It meant to him a free and
[29:30] democratic Europe that Britain would
[29:34] lead. So Britain was already seeing
[29:37] itself as a leader of Europe once
[29:41] Germany is finally defeated.
[29:45] And Stalin for Stalin it meant increase
[29:49] in Soviet power.
[29:51] Increase in Soviet power. For Stanley it
[29:54] meant increase in Soviet power. And that
[29:59] increase in Soviet power for Stalin.
[30:02] What does what that simply means is that
[30:06] the USSR will be safeguarded from
[30:10] western attacks or aggression. The USSR
[30:15] will be safeguarded from western attack
[30:18] or aggression. So that is what Stalin,
[30:21] Joseph Stalin saw. Churchill saw it as
[30:25] oh a free and democratic Europe is at
[30:29] hand with our defeat of this place the
[30:34] jabas with our defeat of the jabas. And
[30:37] for the United States of America,
[30:40] they saw something even more different
[30:44] which shows the super power nature that
[30:48] the United States of America began to
[30:51] envisage for itself. The United States
[30:54] of America
[30:56] saw it as a a period of
[31:01] prosperity,
[31:02] a period where democracy democracy will
[31:06] be taken all over the world that all
[31:10] nations would
[31:13] uh
[31:14] become democratic. All nations will
[31:17] become democratic. I must say that um
[31:21] after the second world war the second
[31:24] world war the victorious powers of the
[31:27] second world war I've mentioned it
[31:30] um United States of America led by rose
[31:35] although rose two weeks after ya died
[31:39] and Harry Truma took over
[31:42] the USSR led by Joseph Stalin
[31:48] and also
[31:51] that of Great Britain. Remember France
[31:53] was more or less not even there. France,
[31:57] the French had been defeated. Two third
[31:59] of France was if not for the fact that
[32:03] Fr German Germany was defeated. France
[32:06] would not be in the state which we know
[32:08] it today. One third
[32:12] France which means with French leader
[32:14] ruling over that. The other two third
[32:18] led by the Nazis controlling that's I'm
[32:21] talking about the land of France now not
[32:24] even so the French had been defeated
[32:26] most nations in Europe were under
[32:30] the Germans until things changed
[32:35] and why did that those things let me
[32:37] just quickly go into that the there was
[32:40] a serious miscal
[32:42] we're back there was a serious
[32:45] miscalculation of out Hitler. He sent
[32:48] his soldiers
[32:51] to
[32:52] the USSR while getting into Moscow. The
[32:56] winter had come. Remember in a century
[33:01] before that in the 19th century
[33:05] they you there was a man called Napoleon
[33:08] Bonapart who almost the same thing
[33:11] happened to him. By the time Napoleon
[33:14] was getting to
[33:16] Moscow,
[33:18] it was winter.
[33:21] Napoleon even have the common the cold
[33:26] in Russia. He still lost so many of his
[33:29] soldiers. But in the case of Adolf
[33:33] Hitler, he told
[33:36] he gave a direction directive that the
[33:39] soldiers to stay put and fight it out in
[33:42] Moscow.
[33:45] Floatins were poor.
[33:48] Food logistic wise was poor.
[33:54] Water also was poor.
[33:57] And no matter how strong, remember these
[34:00] are soldiers who had defeated so many
[34:02] European nations. The Denanish and co
[34:05] many nations have been defeated.
[34:07] But why at
[34:10] close to Moscow
[34:12] lost a lot of soldiers, lost a lot of
[34:16] soldiers. And this hampered and
[34:18] influenced and changed the course of the
[34:21] war to begin to favor
[34:25] the
[34:27] victorious allies. So while at Ya I'm
[34:30] going back to Yata these three leaders
[34:33] although they were in celebrative mood
[34:36] they had different
[34:39] agenda or policies
[34:42] for the world. They had different agenda
[34:45] or policies for the world. He had
[34:48] completely different idea. And to even
[34:50] worsen it, two weeks after that decision
[34:54] was that celebration was made at YA. 2
[34:58] weeks after that celebration was made at
[35:00] Yata.
[35:03] Surprisingly,
[35:05] Rusev died and Truman came into power.
[35:09] But after that defeat of Germany, one
[35:14] nation remained so powerful almost
[35:17] unscarted
[35:19] and that nation is the United States of
[35:22] America.
[35:23] One nation remains so powerful almost
[35:26] unscarted
[35:28] and that nation is the United States of
[35:31] America. and United States may have even
[35:35] just lost about 400,000
[35:38] compared to what Russia lost. You would
[35:40] know that they were no
[35:45] it was just a minimal thing. Although
[35:47] 400,000 lives is not something minimal
[35:49] but compared to what Russia or even
[35:52] other European nations must have lost in
[35:54] terms of percentage. The United lost
[35:57] about 400,000 soldiers, but many and
[36:02] also many more were injured. It's we
[36:05] will not be dwelling on the numbers of
[36:06] those who were injured. But however,
[36:09] everything that has to do with United
[36:12] United States of America remains
[36:14] scattered and after the war, the army
[36:18] became stronger,
[36:20] the navy became stronger, the air force
[36:23] became stronger, the economy was at its
[36:26] best, his companies were more or less
[36:29] unscattered, unscattered,
[36:32] nothing affecting his
[36:36] most of the company.
[36:38] when even when they were practicing
[36:40] isolationism,
[36:42] they still had companies who could
[36:45] engage the world. In terms of social, in
[36:48] terms of culture, the United States was
[36:50] already influencing the world. Places
[36:52] like New Orleans, music, movies,
[36:57] Hollywood, we are going and people are
[37:00] one way or the other being influenced
[37:03] by it. So by the time even
[37:07] Truman came into office. Remember Truman
[37:10] came to repres take take over from
[37:12] Roosevelt because Rod had died. By the
[37:16] time Truman came into office,
[37:21] the United States
[37:23] was more or less,
[37:27] I would say, more or less
[37:31] concarted
[37:33] and it became
[37:36] what I call a
[37:39] a a a big a big power which you would
[37:44] now see that it became a superpower. You
[37:47] will now see that it became a
[37:49] superpower. For instance, by 1947, the
[37:52] United States produced half of the
[37:54] world's manufactured goods, 57%
[37:58] of
[38:00] the steel of the world, 43%
[38:04] of the world's electricity, and 62% of
[38:08] the world's oil. So you could see that
[38:11] the United States I wouldn't say that
[38:14] they didn't they benefited a lot after
[38:18] the second world war. They benefited a
[38:20] lot after the second world war but
[38:23] another nation
[38:25] became the second most
[38:29] powerful nation after this um second
[38:34] world war. Another nation became the
[38:37] second most powerful nation after the
[38:40] second war. And that nation, the Soviet
[38:43] Union, although they lost so many about
[38:47] 20, it was estimated about 20 million
[38:52] Soviets
[38:54] died. soldiers and um also
[38:58] um
[39:00] armed soldiers and also civilians all
[39:04] died. But the situation also
[39:09] is something that made the Soviets even
[39:12] stronger that made even the Soviets even
[39:16] stronger. But it affected how the two
[39:20] nations later saw the situation
[39:25] later saw how they will handle issues
[39:29] after the second war. Remember the
[39:32] Soviet had lost a lot of people.
[39:35] The Americans lost very minimal and was
[39:40] thinking about his leadership of the
[39:42] world.
[39:44] and the Americans while they were
[39:46] seeking peace for the world the Soviets
[39:50] were seeking that aggressors will be
[39:53] deterred from attacking Soviet Union. So
[39:57] you could see that the two leaders had
[39:59] two completely different agenda
[40:03] but both uh groups were more or less
[40:09] the strongest that came out of the war.
[40:12] France was almost dead and but thank
[40:17] goodness he came out from the
[40:22] from where he was almost in a coma.
[40:26] Britain was at his weakest.
[40:31] So two nations Japan was
[40:36] uh had this
[40:39] uh the the bombing of Japan made Japan
[40:43] almost
[40:45] uh in a beggarly state almost in a
[40:49] beggarly state. You could see about
[40:51] 120,000
[40:53] Japanese died alone through the bombing
[40:58] of uh Japan. About 120,000 Japanese died
[41:04] alone in Europe. Shima and Nagasaki
[41:07] about 120,000. and the horror that this
[41:11] brought. And for the first time, the
[41:14] world saw a weapon, the atomic bomb that
[41:18] had never been used in the history of
[41:20] wars. And this created
[41:26] um I would say created so much
[41:30] uh fear
[41:32] in the people of the world. This created
[41:35] so much fear in the people of the world
[41:38] and this allowed
[41:43] for
[41:45] a rethink and thereby
[41:50] multilateralism was brought back. the
[41:53] United Nations was created and just like
[41:57] um
[42:00] Chiu said he said only mad man would
[42:04] even dare using the later on which is in
[42:08] 1952 the creation of the nuclear bomb in
[42:11] 1953
[42:13] the Soviets also created their own bomb
[42:17] just like Chi said he said look only a
[42:20] mad man would even dare using it because
[42:22] of the catastrophy trophy that that will
[42:24] cause. So with the nuclear weapon
[42:28] that the world so much fear to be used
[42:32] and multilateralism
[42:34] through the United Nations,
[42:36] a new world order emerged. But this new
[42:40] world order had two powerful nations
[42:44] called who communates as the superpowers
[42:49] had two powerful nations. the USSR
[42:54] and also the United States of America.
[42:58] But the USSR
[43:00] had believed and felt that for it to
[43:05] properly safeguard itself against any
[43:08] form of Western aggression, Eastern
[43:11] Europe has to be his has to be there.
[43:14] Sorry. Eastern Europe has to be there.
[43:17] So the USSR was thinking of dominating
[43:22] Eastern Europe and places like um
[43:27] Thank