# 7th global dialogue under the MWP - Plenary & Breakout Room 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6ViE324MFs Translation: es [00:21] 3. [16:45] focused event under the shamal shake mitigation. evento enfocado bajo la mitigación del temblor shamal. [16:54] event under the shamal shake mitigation ambition and implementation work program. evento bajo el programa de trabajo de ambición e implementación de mitigación del temblor shamal. [16:56] So my name is Angela Chura Kalhaga um from the environmental defense fund um basically co-chairing on behalf of the developed countries and my colleague will introduce himself. Así que mi nombre es Angela Chura Kalhaga um del fondo de defensa ambiental um básicamente copresidenciando en nombre de los países desarrollados y mi colega se presentará. [17:07] Yeah, thank you. Sí, gracias. [17:09] Good morning colleagues. Buenos días colegas. [17:10] My name is Gosha. Mi nombre es Gosha. [17:11] Ian comes from the National Center for Climate Change Strategy and this international cooperation from China and I'm nominated as a co-chair by developing countries. Ian viene del Centro Nacional de Estrategia de Cambio Climático y esta cooperación internacional de China y soy nominado como copresidente por los países en desarrollo. [17:20] So this event um takes place here at the expo center Yosu in a hybrid format. Así que este evento um tiene lugar aquí en el centro de exposiciones Yosu en un formato híbrido. [17:27] I want to thank all of you who have taken the time to join us um both in person and also those who are online for this very important event. Quiero agradecer a todos los que se han tomado el tiempo de unirse a nosotros um tanto en persona como a los que están en línea para este evento muy importante. [17:36] The global dialogue today and tomorrow um aims to facilitate a focused exchange of views, information and ideas as well as the active participation of an El diálogo global hoy y mañana um tiene como objetivo facilitar un intercambio enfocado de puntos de vista, información e ideas, así como la participación activa de un [17:45] as the active participation of an interaction between parties and relevant nonparty stakeholders. partilerin ve ilgili taraf olmayan paydaşların katılımının aktif katılımı olarak. [17:50] nonparty stakeholders. taraf olmayan paydaşlar. [17:52] We thank the high level champions and their teams for their support to invite nonparty stakeholders to these dialogues. Yüksek düzeydeki şampiyonlara ve ekiplerine, taraf olmayan paydaşları bu diyaloglara davet etme destekleri için teşekkür ederiz. [17:57] dialogues. diyaloglar. [17:59] Now given that we are running behind time um and without further ado, I would like to welcome our distinguished speakers. Şimdi zamanın gerisinde kaldığımızı göz önüne alarak ve daha fazla uzatmadan, değerli konuşmacılarımızı ağırlamak isterim. [18:04] like to welcome our distinguished speakers. değerli konuşmacılarımızı ağırlamak isterim. [18:06] So please join me in welcoming if Pinar Pollad of the incoming COP 31 presidency that's Turka for the welcome remarks. Lütfen bana, gelen COP 31 başkanlığı Türkiye'den Elif Pınar Pollad'ı hoş geldiniz konuşmaları için karşılamaya katılın. [18:12] presidency that's Turka for the welcome remarks. başkanlığı Türkiye'den hoş geldiniz konuşmaları için. [18:16] Over to you Elif. Söz sende Elif. [18:19] Thank you. Good morning distinguished delegates dear colleagues. Teşekkür ederim. Günaydın saygıdeğer delegeler, sevgili meslektaşlarım. [18:21] It's a great pleasure to welcome you to this important dialogue here in Yasu. Burada, Yasu'da bu önemli diyaloğa hepinizi ağırlamaktan büyük mutluluk duyuyorum. [18:23] I would like to thank to Republic of Korea for warm hospitality and thank you to UNF Secretariat and the co-chairs of the mitigation work program for bringing us together. Kore Cumhuriyeti'ne sıcak misafirperverliği için teşekkür etmek ve bizi bir araya getirdiği için azaltım çalışma programının UNF Sekreterliği ve eş başkanlarına teşekkür etmek istiyorum. [18:34] warm hospitality and thank you to UNF Secretariat and the co-chairs of the mitigation work program for bringing us together. sıcak misafirperverliği ve bizi bir araya getirdiği için UNF Sekreterliği ve azaltım çalışma programının eş başkanlarına teşekkürler. [18:39] and I would like to also acknowledge our COP 31 partners Australia. ve ayrıca COP 31 ortaklarımızı Avustralya'yı da takdir etmek istiyorum. [18:42] acknowledge our COP 31 partners Australia. COP 31 ortaklarımızı Avustralya'yı takdir etmek. [18:44] We are working is close yakın çalışıyoruz [18:48] Australia. Australia. [18:51] We are working is close collaboration and this partnership will collaboration and this partnership will essential in delivering a COP 31 that a. Estamos trabajando en estrecha colaboración y esta asociación será esencial para la entrega de una COP 31 que. [18:54] essential in delivering a COP 31 that a practical inclusive and focused on. esencial para la entrega de una COP 31 que sea práctica, inclusiva y centrada en. [18:57] practical inclusive and focused on result. práctica, inclusiva y centrada en resultados. [18:59] Colleagues, we are in important global transition. Colegas, estamos en una importante transición global. [19:02] global transition. This moment brings both challenges and opportunities. transición global. Este momento trae tanto desafíos como oportunidades. [19:05] both challenges and opportunities. Our focus now is on delivering concrete. desafíos y oportunidades. Nuestro enfoque ahora es en la entrega de resultados concretos. [19:08] focus now is on delivering concrete result together. enfoque ahora es en la entrega de resultados concretos juntos. [19:12] result together. COP 31 will place a strong emphasis on implementation. resultados juntos. La COP 31 pondrá un fuerte énfasis en la implementación. [19:15] strong emphasis on implementation. fuerte énfasis en la implementación. [19:18] Today we are under the mitigation work program to share experience and advanced. Hoy estamos bajo el programa de trabajo de mitigación para compartir experiencias y avanzar. [19:20] program to share experience and advanced discussions particularly on industrial. programa para compartir experiencias y avanzar en discusiones particularmente sobre la transformación industrial. [19:23] discussions particularly on industrial transformation. discusiones particularmente sobre la transformación industrial. [19:26] transformation. Green industrialization is becoming a central pillar of the. transformación. La industrialización verde se está convirtiendo en un pilar central de la. [19:28] is becoming a central pillar of the climate action. se está convirtiendo en un pilar central de la acción climática. [19:31] climate action. Industry is responsible for a significant share of global. acción climática. La industria es responsable de una parte importante de las emisiones globales. [19:33] for a significant share of global emissions particularly in hard to abate. de una parte importante de las emisiones globales, particularmente en sectores difíciles de reducir. [19:36] emissions particularly in hard to abate sectors. emisiones particularmente en sectores difíciles de reducir. [19:39] sectors. The transformation remains especially complex. sectores. La transformación sigue siendo especialmente compleja. [19:42] especially complex. At the same time, industrial development remains essential. especialmente compleja. Al mismo tiempo, el desarrollo industrial sigue siendo esencial. [19:44] industrial development remains essential for the economical growth. el desarrollo industrial sigue siendo esencial para el crecimiento económico. [19:44] As a COP 31 Como COP 31 [19:48] for the economical growth. ekonomik büyüme için. [19:51] As a COP 31 presidency, Turkey will lead action presidency, Turkey will lead action agenda with a strong focus of pragmatic COP 31 başkanlığı olarak Türkiye, pragmatik bir odakla eylem gündemini yürütecek. [19:54] agenda with a strong focus of pragmatic in implementation. Green uygulamada pragmatik bir odakla gündem. Yeşil [19:57] in implementation. Green industrialization is already one of the uygulamada. Yeşil sanayileşme zaten merkezi bir unsur. [19:59] industrialization is already one of the central pillar of our global agenda. We sanayileşme zaten küresel gündemimizin merkezi bir direğidir. Biz [20:03] central pillar of our global agenda. We aim to strengthen international küresel gündemimizin merkezi bir direğidir. Biz uluslararası işbirliğini güçlendirmeyi amaçlıyoruz. [20:05] aim to strengthen international collaboration, support counterdriven işbirliğini güçlendirmeyi, karşıt güdümlü dönüşüm çabalarını desteklemeyi amaçlıyoruz. [20:07] collaboration, support counterdriven transformation efforts, and improve dönüşüm çabalarını desteklemeyi ve iyileştirmeyi, [20:10] transformation efforts, and improve access to finance to technology and dönüşüm çabalarını ve finansmana, teknolojiye ve erişimi iyileştirmeyi [20:13] access to finance to technology and markets. In Turkey, we are taking finansmana, teknolojiye ve pazarlara erişimi iyileştirmeyi amaçlıyoruz. Türkiye'de somut adımlar atıyoruz. [20:16] markets. In Turkey, we are taking concrete steps in this direction. We are pazarlara erişimi iyileştirmeyi amaçlıyoruz. Türkiye'de bu yönde somut adımlar atıyoruz. Biz [20:19] concrete steps in this direction. We are developing sectoral lowcarbon road maps bu yönde somut adımlar atıyoruz. Sektörel düşük karbonlu yol haritaları geliştiriyoruz [20:23] developing sectoral lowcarbon road maps and advancing the carbonization across düşük karbonlu yol haritaları geliştiriyoruz ve karbonsuzlaştırmayı ilerletiyoruz. [20:25] and advancing the carbonization across the key industries. Cement, iron, steel karbonsuzlaştırmayı anahtar endüstrilerde ilerletiyoruz. Çimento, demir, çelik [20:29] the key industries. Cement, iron, steel sectors which together account for more anahtar endüstriler. Birlikte endüstriyel emisyonlarımızın yarısından fazlasını oluşturan çimento, demir, çelik sektörleri [20:33] sectors which together account for more than half of our uh industrial emissions sektörleri, endüstriyel emisyonlarımızın yarısından fazlasını oluşturan, karbonsuzlaştırma çabalarımızın merkezinde yer alıyor. [20:37] than half of our uh industrial emissions remains at the core of our emisyonlarımız, karbonsuzlaştırma çabalarımızın merkezinde yer alıyor. [20:38] remains at the core of our decarbonization efforts. To support this karbonsuzlaştırma çabalarımızın merkezinde yer alıyor. Bunu desteklemek için [20:41] decarbonization efforts. To support this information, we are advancing karbonsuzlaştırma çabalarımızı desteklemek için bilgi sağlıyoruz. [20:43] information, we are advancing initiatives such as Turkey industrial bilgi sağlıyoruz, Türkiye endüstriyel karbonsuzlaştırma yatırım platformu gibi girişimleri ilerletiyoruz. [20:46] initiatives such as Turkey industrial decarbonization investment platform girişimleri gibi Türkiye endüstriyel karbonsuzlaştırma yatırım platformu [20:53] decarbonization investment platform which aims to mobilize international finance and develop bankable fi projects. karbonsuzlaştırma yatırım platformu, uluslararası finansman seferber etmeyi ve bankalanabilir finansman projeleri geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. [20:56] At the same time, we are focusing on energy efficiency and electrification while also exploring solutions such as hydrogen and carbon capture with a careful attention technology, technical and economical physibility. Aynı zamanda, enerji verimliliği ve elektrifikasyona odaklanırken, hidrojen ve karbon yakalama gibi çözümleri de teknoloji, teknik ve ekonomik fizibiliteye dikkat ederek araştırıyoruz. [21:12] However, no country can achieve transformation alone. Ancak, hiçbir ülke dönüşümü tek başına başaramaz. [21:15] This requires strong global cooperation. Bu, güçlü küresel işbirliği gerektirir. [21:21] Many countries face similar challenges particularly an access to finance and technology. Birçok ülke, özellikle finansmana ve teknolojiye erişim konusunda benzer zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. [21:28] This underlines importance of the cooperation and coalition of for implementation. Bu, işbirliğinin ve uygulama için koalisyonun önemini vurgulamaktadır. [21:33] Dear colleagues, hosting COP 31 is not just organizational role for Turkey. Değerli meslektaşlarım, COP 31'e ev sahipliği yapmak Türkiye için sadece organizasyonel bir rol değildir. [21:39] It's a global responsibility because Turkey is not only a country. Bu küresel bir sorumluluktur çünkü Türkiye sadece bir ülke değildir. [21:44] We are a bridge. Biz bir köprüyüz. [21:47] We are at the heart of the Mediterranean, one of the region most Akdeniz'in kalbindeyiz, bölgenin en çok [21:49] Mediterranean, one of the region most vulnerable to climate change. Akdeniz, iklim değişikliğine en duyarlı bölgelerden biri. [21:52] We are we vulnerable to climate change. İklim değişikliğine karşı hassasız. [21:56] We experience wildfires, water stress and extreme heat. Orman yangınları, su kıtlığı ve aşırı sıcaklar yaşıyoruz. [21:58] We leave this crisis on the ground. Bu krizi sahada bırakıyoruz. [22:01] At the same time, we understand different regions and the perspectives across Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Aynı zamanda, Asya, Afrika ve Pasifik'teki farklı bölgeleri ve bakış açılarını anlıyoruz. [22:07] We can engage with developed countries while also understanding the realities of developing economies. Gelişmiş ülkelerle etkileşim kurabilir, aynı zamanda gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin gerçeklerini de anlayabiliriz. [22:13] The unique position allow us to build dialogue, strengthen trust and bring countries together to deliver shared solution. Eşsiz konumumuz, diyalog kurmamıza, güveni güçlendirmemize ve ortak çözümler sunmak için ülkeleri bir araya getirmemize olanak tanır. [22:18] As a COP 31 host, Turkey takes this role with a strong sense of responsibility. COP 31 ev sahibi olarak Türkiye, bu rolü güçlü bir sorumluluk duygusuyla üstleniyor. [22:30] I predated our priority to ensure a fair and transparent process to reflect the needs of all parties. Tüm tarafların ihtiyaçlarını yansıtacak adil ve şeffaf bir süreç sağlamayı önceliklendirdik. [22:39] Our vision for COP is clear dialogue, consensus and action. COP vizyonumuz net diyalog, fikir birliği ve eylemdir. [22:46] We see the COP 31 as a future COP focused on implementation. COP 31'i uygulamaya odaklanmış bir gelecek COP olarak görüyoruz. [22:51] focused on implementation. uygulamaya odaklandı. [22:54] Distinguished colleagues, over the next three days, discussion under the mitigation work program will contribute to our collective understanding. Değerli meslektaşlarım, önümüzdeki üç gün boyunca, azaltma eylem programı kapsamındaki tartışmalar kolektif anlayışımıza katkıda bulunacaktır. [23:01] As a presidency, Turkey and Australia, we are here to listen, to engage, to work together with all parties. Başkanlık olarak Türkiye ve Avustralya, dinlemek, etkileşimde bulunmak ve tüm taraflarla birlikte çalışmak için buradayız. [23:09] Let me conclude with a simple message. Basit bir mesajla bitirmeme izin verin. [23:11] Our goal is clear to move forward together to strengthen cooperation and deliver a fair and inclusive transition. Amacımız açıktır: işbirliğini güçlendirmek ve adil ve kapsayıcı bir geçiş sağlamak için birlikte ilerlemek. [23:19] We look forward to working with you all. Hepinize birlikte çalışmayı dört gözle bekliyoruz. [23:25] Thank you. Teşekkür ederim. [23:32] Thank you very much uh and we also do look forward to working with you um through this year in the leadup to COP 31. Çok teşekkür ederim ve ayrıca COP 31'e kadar bu yıl boyunca sizinle çalışmayı dört gözle bekliyoruz. [23:42] I'd now like to invite Ingred Lunberry from the incoming presidency of negotiations at Australia also to give us some opening remarks. Şimdi de Avustralya'daki müzakerelerin gelecek başkanlığından Ingred Lunberry'yi açılış konuşmalarını yapmak üzere davet etmek istiyorum. [23:49] Ingred, you have the floor. Ingred, söz sizde. [23:51] >> Thanks very much, Angela, and thank you, >> Çok teşekkürler Angela, ve size de, [23:53] Thanks very much, Angela, and thank you, Aith. Muchas gracias, Angela, y gracias, Aith. [23:56] Uh, distinguished delegates and partners, it's a pleasure to join you here in beautiful Yosu. Eh, distinguidos delegados y socios, es un placer acompañarles aquí en la hermosa Yosu. [24:02] Uh, I'd like to begin by extending my thanks to our hosts, the Republic of Korea. Eh, me gustaría comenzar extendiendo mi agradecimiento a nuestros anfitriones, la República de Corea. [24:07] Uh, to the UNFC Secretariat, thank you. Eh, a la Secretaría de la UNFC, gracias. [24:10] and to the co-chairs of the mitigation work program, Angela and Gao, for the excellent work in organizing this dialogue and for getting everyone here today for the next three days for this great conversation. y a los copresidentes del programa de trabajo de mitigación, Angela y Gao, por el excelente trabajo en la organización de este diálogo y por traer a todos aquí hoy para los próximos tres días para esta gran conversación. [24:21] As is our practice in Australia, I'll start by acknowledging Australia's First Nations people whose connection to land, waters, and seas and thousands of generations of care of country strengthens our commitment to custodianship. Como es nuestra práctica en Australia, comenzaré reconociendo a los pueblos de las Primeras Naciones de Australia, cuya conexión con la tierra, las aguas y los mares y miles de generaciones de cuidado del país fortalece nuestro compromiso con la custodia. [24:35] I'd like to extend that acknowledgement to indigenous peoples all over the world and here with us today. Me gustaría extender ese reconocimiento a los pueblos indígenas de todo el mundo y aquí con nosotros hoy. [24:44] Partnership is a really important part of this year and COP 31 will be delivered through a unique partnership. La asociación es una parte realmente importante de este año y la COP 31 se entregará a través de una asociación única. [24:54] I'd like to acknowledge our COP 31 partner Turkey and it's an honor to be speaking alongside you AIFI today and to be working closely with Turkey. COP 31 ortağımız Türkiye'yi anmak isterim ve bugün sizinle AIFI ile birlikte konuşmak ve Türkiye ile yakın çalışmak benim için bir onurdur. [25:02] We're also working closely and in partnership with the Pacific to deliver COP 31 through this unique combination of partnership. Ayrıca bu eşsiz ortaklık kombinasyonu aracılığıyla COP 31'i sunmak için Pasifik ile yakın ve ortaklaşa çalışıyoruz. [25:08] And as COP 31 president of negotiations, we are committed to transparency, to inclusivity, and to predictability. Ve müzakerelerin COP 31 başkanı olarak şeffaflık, kapsayıcılık ve öngörülebilirliğe bağlıyız. [25:20] We will work alongside our partners to deliver a COP and a pre-OP in Fiji that delivers on our shared ambitions, demonstrates that multilateralism and global climate cooperation is alive and well, and strengthens global solidarity amid unprecedented challenges to energy supply. Ortaklarımızla birlikte, paylaşılan hedeflerimize ulaşan, çok taraflılığın ve küresel iklim işbirliğinin canlı ve iyi durumda olduğunu gösteren ve enerji arzındaki benzeri görülmemiş zorluklar ortasında küresel dayanışmayı güçlendiren bir COP ve Fiji'de bir ön-OP sunmak için çalışacağız. [25:36] As Aliv said, dialogue, consensus, and crucially action will anchor our approach this year. Aliv'in de söylediği gibi, diyalog, fikir birliği ve en önemlisi eylem bu yıl yaklaşımımızı şekillendirecektir. [25:44] To turn to the focus of this dialogue, the science is clear about the immense risks of exceeding 1.5 degrees. Bu diyaloğun odağına dönersek, bilim 1.5 dereceyi aşmanın muazzam riskleri konusunda nettir. [25:48] Our efforts to keep 1.5 degrees within reach are 1.5 dereceyi ulaşılabilir kılma çabalarımız [25:54] Keep 1.5 degrees within reach are essential if we are to secure a safe and sustainable future for the world and its people and particularly for the most vulnerable countries. Mantener el alcance de 1.5 grados es esencial si queremos asegurar un futuro seguro y sostenible para el mundo y su gente, y en particular para los países más vulnerables. [26:03] We know the challenges. Despite global progress, significant gaps remain to keep 1.5 degrees within reach. Conocemos los desafíos. A pesar del progreso global, persisten brechas significativas para mantener el alcance de 1.5 grados. [26:11] But there are opportunities as well. Mature and affordable technologies are available now to make progress. Pero también hay oportunidades. Tecnologías maduras y asequibles están disponibles ahora para avanzar. [26:18] For instance, in Australia, solar panel efficiency has doubled in the last decade and since 2010, the price per watt of energy has come down um by twothirds. Por ejemplo, en Australia, la eficiencia de los paneles solares se ha duplicado en la última década y desde 2010, el precio por vatio de energía ha bajado, eh, en dos tercios. [26:33] The current crisis is a powerful demonstration of the broad crosscutting benefits of the transition and the need to make progress. La crisis actual es una poderosa demostración de los amplios beneficios transversales de la transición y la necesidad de avanzar. [26:40] Now, the industry sector is responsible for about a quarter of global carbon emissions from energy systems. Ahora, el sector industrial es responsable de aproximadamente una cuarta parte de las emisiones globales de carbono de los sistemas energéticos. [26:46] Near-term progress is possible by enhancing energy efficiency, electrification, and the uptake of El progreso a corto plazo es posible mejorando la eficiencia energética, la electrificación y la adopción de [26:54] electrification, and the uptake of renewables among other readily available renewables among other readily available and affordable mitigation strategies. electrificación, y la adopción de energías renovables entre otras estrategias de mitigación fácilmente disponibles y asequibles. [26:59] and affordable mitigation strategies. y estrategias de mitigación asequibles. [27:02] In Australia, electrification combined with widespread deployment of renewables is seen as the primary pathway for decarboniz decarbonizing our industries in the near and medium term. En Australia, la electrificación combinada con el despliegue generalizado de energías renovables se considera la vía principal para descarbonizar nuestras industrias a corto y medio plazo. [27:12] This includes heat pumps to replace gas heating, electric boilers, and electric smelting furnaces. Esto incluye bombas de calor para reemplazar la calefacción a gas, calderas eléctricas y hornos de fundición eléctricos. [27:19] In the long term, longer term, we are focused on triing and commercializing new technologies to reduce emissions in hard to abate sectors. A largo plazo, nos centramos en probar y comercializar nuevas tecnologías para reducir las emisiones en sectores difíciles de descarbonizar. [27:26] for example, scaling up and building out the infrastructure, supply chains and workforce for alternative inputs like hydrogen and sustainable fuels. por ejemplo, escalar y construir la infraestructura, las cadenas de suministro y la fuerza laboral para insumos alternativos como el hidrógeno y los combustibles sostenibles. [27:36] And to build out those supply chains and alternative inputs, it requires partnership. Y para construir esas cadenas de suministro e insumos alternativos, se requiere asociación. [27:39] Green industrialization is an important part of the story. La industrialización verde es una parte importante de la historia. [27:43] We are meeting at a moment where green industrialization is moving from the margins of climate ambition to becoming the axis of economic and geopolitical Nos reunimos en un momento en que la industrialización verde está pasando de los márgenes de la ambición climática a convertirse en el eje económico y geopolítico. [27:54] the axis of economic and geopolitical strategy across regions. el eje de la estrategia económica y geopolítica en las regiones. [27:57] Governments are deploying industrial policies to accelerate clean energy, low and zero emissions, manufacturing and processing and infrastructure. Los gobiernos están desplegando políticas industriales para acelerar la energía limpia, las bajas y cero emisiones, la manufactura y el procesamiento y la infraestructura. [28:07] In Australia, building new clean industries is in areas like green metals, renewable hydrogen, and sustainable fuels is seen as a critical contributor to our economic future. En Australia, la construcción de nuevas industrias limpias en áreas como los metales verdes, el hidrógeno renovable y los combustibles sostenibles se considera un contribuyente crítico a nuestro futuro económico. [28:19] As we transition from a fossil intensive economy to one powered by clean energy, platforms for meaningful exchange between countries on green industrialization are growing, but they they remain limited at the global level and can be dominated by the perspectives and policy tools of more advanc advanced industrial economies. A medida que pasamos de una economía intensiva en combustibles fósiles a una impulsada por energía limpia, las plataformas para el intercambio significativo entre países sobre la industrialización verde están creciendo, pero siguen siendo limitadas a nivel mundial y pueden estar dominadas por las perspectivas y las herramientas políticas de las economías industriales más avanzadas. [28:43] This means that countries are often designing policies in isolation and at times repeating mistakes or missing opportunities to improve without the benefit of hearing what their neighbors have had a go at trying and what success looked like or Esto significa que los países a menudo diseñan políticas de forma aislada y, a veces, repiten errores o pierden oportunidades de mejorar sin el beneficio de escuchar lo que sus vecinos han intentado y cómo se vio el éxito o [28:55] trying and what success looked like or what they found particularly difficult intentando y cómo se veía el éxito o qué les resultaba particularmente difícil [28:56] what they found particularly difficult along the way. lo que les resultó particularmente difícil en el camino. [29:00] This global dialogue is a crucial opportunity to learn from one another and identify areas where we can strengthen international cooperation to drive global progress. Este diálogo global es una oportunidad crucial para aprender unos de otros e identificar áreas donde podemos fortalecer la cooperación internacional para impulsar el progreso global. [29:05] another and identify areas where we can strengthen international cooperation to drive global progress. otro e identificar áreas donde podemos fortalecer la cooperación internacional para impulsar el progreso global. [29:10] We look forward to fruitful discussions uh on this topic over the next few days including sharing what is working really well in your country and what you are still finding hard to solve. Esperamos con interés discusiones fructíferas sobre este tema en los próximos días, incluyendo compartir lo que está funcionando muy bien en su país y lo que todavía le resulta difícil de resolver. [29:18] well in your country and what you are still finding hard to solve. bien en su país y lo que todavía le resulta difícil de resolver. [29:23] This is an important year for the mitigation work program. Este es un año importante para el programa de trabajo de mitigación. [29:27] Discussions on the continuation of this work program along with the many other reviews happening this year give us an opportunity to stand back and think about how we can best work together, turn commitments into reality and learn from one another through partnership. Las discusiones sobre la continuación de este programa de trabajo, junto con las muchas otras revisiones que ocurren este año, nos brindan la oportunidad de dar un paso atrás y pensar en cómo podemos trabajar mejor juntos, convertir los compromisos en realidad y aprender unos de otros a través de la asociación. [29:30] happening this year give us an opportunity to stand back and think about how we can best work together, turn commitments into reality and learn from one another through partnership. que ocurren este año nos brindan la oportunidad de dar un paso atrás y pensar en cómo podemos trabajar mejor juntos, convertir los compromisos en realidad y aprender unos de otros a través de la asociación. [29:37] about how we can best work together, turn commitments into reality and learn from one another through partnership. sobre cómo podemos trabajar mejor juntos, convertir los compromisos en realidad y aprender unos de otros a través de la asociación. [29:42] Our door and I'm sure AI's door, Turkey's door is always open. Nuestra puerta y estoy seguro de que la puerta de la IA, la puerta de Turquía, siempre está abierta. [29:46] We genuinely are listening. Genuinamente estamos escuchando. [29:48] We want to hear from you and we would like to hear what your priorities, expectations and concerns are this year so we can make meaningful progress on mitigation and Queremos saber de usted y nos gustaría saber cuáles son sus prioridades, expectativas e inquietudes este año para que podamos lograr un progreso significativo en la mitigación y [29:56] meaningful progress on mitigation and across the whole agenda at COP 31. progreso significativo en la mitigación y en toda la agenda de la COP 31. [29:58] Thank you very much. Muchas gracias. [30:04] Thank you very much Ingred and thank you for aling us of the value of this global platform um and the opportunities we have to advance our thinking on green industrialization. Muchas gracias Ingred y gracias por decirnos el valor de esta plataforma global um y las oportunidades que tenemos para avanzar en nuestro pensamiento sobre la industrialización verde. [30:17] It would be remiss of me if I didn't express our sincere gratitude to our host country um the Republic of Korea for hosting this um dialogue and for the excellent arrangements um in getting us here. Sería negligente de mi parte si no expresara nuestra sincera gratitud a nuestro país anfitrión um la República de Corea por albergar este um diálogo y por los excelentes arreglos um para traernos aquí. [30:30] So thank you. Así que gracias. [30:33] I will now pass on to my co-chair to provide us context and lead us into the discussions that we will be starting now. Ahora le pasaré a mi copresidente para que nos brinde contexto y nos guíe hacia las discusiones que comenzaremos ahora. [30:38] Over to you go. Adelante. [30:40] Thank you Angela. Gracias Angela. [30:43] And now we would like to provide some of the context of the dialogue on the work program. Y ahora nos gustaría proporcionar algo del contexto del diálogo sobre el programa de trabajo. [30:48] And this work program was established to urgently scale up mitigation application and implementation in this decades in a manner that is complements the global Y este programa de trabajo se estableció para escalar urgentemente la aplicación e implementación de la mitigación en estas décadas de una manera que complemente el global [30:57] manner that is complements the global stock take. manera que complementa el inventario global. [30:59] Achieving the temperature stock take. Lograr el inventario de temperatura. [31:01] Achieving the temperature goal of the Paris agreement requires urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas. Lograr el objetivo de temperatura del acuerdo de París requiere acción urgente para reducir los gases de efecto invernadero. [31:03] urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this decade. acción urgente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en esta década. [31:06] And we believe this work program has the potential to. Y creemos que este programa de trabajo tiene el potencial de. [31:09] this work program has the potential to become a unique catalyst for actionable. este programa de trabajo tiene el potencial de convertirse en un catalizador único para acciones concretas. [31:12] become a unique catalyst for actionable solutions and international cooperation. convertirse en un catalizador único para soluciones factibles y cooperación internacional. [31:15] solutions and international cooperation. soluciones y cooperación internacional. [31:17] And this is exactly what we need to address gap in emission in ambition and. Y esto es exactamente lo que necesitamos para abordar la brecha en ambición y implementación de emisiones. [31:20] address gap in emission in ambition and implementation. abordar la brecha en ambición y implementación de emisiones. [31:22] implementation. implementación. [31:24] While parties consider progress of the work program at the negotiation sessions. Mientras las partes consideran el progreso del programa de trabajo en las sesiones de negociación. [31:26] work program at the negotiation sessions of the subsidiary body and the CMA, our. programa de trabajo en las sesiones de negociación del órgano subsidiario y la CMA, nuestro. [31:29] of the subsidiary body and the CMA, our focus here is on the focused exchange of. del órgano subsidiario y la CMA, nuestro enfoque aquí está en el intercambio enfocado de. [31:32] focus here is on the focused exchange of views, information and ideas on. enfoque aquí está en el intercambio enfocado de puntos de vista, información e ideas sobre. [31:35] views, information and ideas on actionable solutions or opportunities. puntos de vista, información e ideas sobre soluciones factibles u oportunidades. [31:38] actionable solutions or opportunities and best practice to overcome challenges. soluciones factibles u oportunidades y mejores prácticas para superar desafíos. [31:40] and best practice to overcome challenges and barriers. y mejores prácticas para superar desafíos y barreras. [31:43] and barriers. The outcome of the work program will be nonprescriptive. y barreras. El resultado del programa de trabajo no será prescriptivo. [31:46] program will be nonprescriptive, non-punitive, facilitative, respectful. programa será no prescriptivo, no punitivo, facilitador, respetuoso. [31:49] non-punitive, facilitative, respectful of national sovereignty and national. no punitivo, facilitador, respetuoso de la soberanía nacional y las circunstancias nacionales. [31:51] of national sovereignty and national circumstances. de la soberanía nacional y las circunstancias nacionales. [31:53] circumstances. Angela and I want to ensure that the. circunstancias. Angela y yo queremos asegurar que el. [31:55] Angela and I want to ensure that the global dialogue provides a safe space. Angela y yo queremos asegurar que el diálogo global proporcione un espacio seguro. [31:58] Global dialogue provides a safe space for discussion. El diálogo mundial proporciona un espacio seguro para la discusión. [32:00] In other words, the dialogue is not a space for political negotiation and we spare no effort to make the dialogue useful to parties and stakeholders. En otras palabras, el diálogo no es un espacio para la negociación política y no escatimamos esfuerzos para que el diálogo sea útil para las partes y los interesados. [32:09] We also did our best to reflect inputs from parties, observers, and other nonparty stakeholders in organizing this dialogue. También hicimos todo lo posible para reflejar las aportaciones de las partes, los observadores y otros interesados no partes en la organización de este diálogo. [32:19] On the topic of the dialogue in 2026, considering the directions to us provided by previous decisions of the CMA and submissions from parties and nonparty stakeholders, Angela and I communicated the topic of the seventh global dialogue to be enabling mitigation ambition and implementation in industries drawing on national and regional experiences. Sobre el tema del diálogo en 2026, considerando las directrices que se nos han dado en decisiones anteriores de la CMA y las presentaciones de las partes y los interesados no partes, Angela y yo comunicamos que el tema del séptimo diálogo mundial sería habilitar la ambición y la implementación de la mitigación en las industrias, basándose en experiencias nacionales y regionales. [32:44] And the next global dialogue will focus on the same topic and other cross cutting issues as mandated in decision 4 CMA 4 paragraph 4. Y el próximo diálogo mundial se centrará en el mismo tema y en otras cuestiones transversales según lo dispuesto en la decisión 4 CMA 4 párrafo 4. [32:54] Our intention is to develop the agenda of the next global dialogue based on Nuestra intención es desarrollar la agenda del próximo diálogo mundial basándonos en [32:59] of the next global dialogue based on inputs from parties and nonparty stakeholders including through submissions. de la próxima mesa redonda mundial basada en las aportaciones de las partes y de los interlocutores no partes, incluidas las presentaciones. [33:04] Coming back to the topic of this seventh global dialogue, we lay out several subtopics based on online consultation with parties and your submission. Volviendo al tema de esta séptima mesa redonda mundial, exponemos varios subtemas basados en la consulta en línea con las partes y su presentación. [33:15] The dialogue today and tomorrow is organized under two broad areas of discussion. El diálogo de hoy y mañana se organiza en torno a dos grandes áreas de debate. [33:19] The first area is technology options and trends in the capitalization industries drawing on national and regional experiences. La primera área son las opciones y tendencias tecnológicas en las industrias de capitalización, basándose en experiencias nacionales y regionales. [33:31] And this session will explore best practices the solutions to address challenges and barriers to mitigation action in industries during our national and regional experiences. Y esta sesión explorará las mejores prácticas y las soluciones para abordar los desafíos y barreras a la acción de mitigación en las industrias durante nuestras experiencias nacionales y regionales. [33:43] Under this area of discussion, technology options and trends including but not limited to alternative material and the fur low carbon industrial processes in decarbonization industries including not but not limited to iron, En esta área de debate, las opciones y tendencias tecnológicas, incluidas, entre otras, las materiales alternativas y los procesos industriales de baja emisión de carbono en las industrias de descarbonización, incluidas, entre otras, el hierro, [33:59] including not but not limited to iron, steel, cement and chemicals may be steel, cement and chemicals may be considered. demir, çelik, çimento ve kimyasallar dahil ancak bunlarla sınırlı olmamak üzere çelik, çimento ve kimyasallar dikkate alınabilir. [34:04] considered. dikkate alınmıştır. [34:06] And this area of discussion may also consider resource efficiency systems integration, circularity, digitalization, carbon management and other practical measures. Ve bu tartışma alanı ayrıca kaynak verimliliği sistemleri entegrasyonunu, döngüselliği, dijitalleşmeyi, karbon yönetimini ve diğer pratik önlemleri de dikkate alabilir. [34:17] other practical measures. Then can facilitate mitigation ambition and implementation while highlighting how solutions and approaches has been applied in practice and lessons that may be relevant for other circumstances. diğer pratik önlemler. Ardından, çözümlerin ve yaklaşımların pratikte nasıl uygulandığını ve diğer durumlar için geçerli olabilecek dersleri vurgulayarak azaltım hırsını ve uygulamasını kolaylaştırabilir. [34:30] be relevant for other circumstances. And the second area of discussion is enabling mitigation, ambition and implementation in industries join our national and regional experiences. diğer durumlar için geçerli olabilir. Ve ikinci tartışma alanı, ulusal ve bölgesel deneyimlerimize katılarak sanayilerde azaltım, hırs ve uygulama sağlamaktır. [34:41] national and regional experiences. And this session will explore policies and measures and means of implementations that can enable mitigation ambition and implementation in industries during our national and regional experiences. ulusal ve bölgesel deneyimler. Ve bu oturum, ulusal ve bölgesel deneyimlerimiz sırasında sanayilerde azaltım hırsını ve uygulamasını sağlayabilecek politikaları, önlemleri ve uygulama araçlarını keşfedecektir. [34:54] regional experiences. And this area of discussion may consider opportunities related to finance, technology development and transfer, bölgesel deneyimler. Ve bu tartışma alanı, finans, teknoloji geliştirme ve transferle ilgili fırsatları dikkate alabilir. [35:01] technology development and transfer, capacity building, as well as capacity building, as well as cooperation framework and other policy incentives that can facilitate access to practical solutions and strengthen implementation and ambition efforts. tecnología, desarrollo y transferencia, creación de capacidad, así como creación de capacidad, así como marco de cooperación y otros incentivos políticos que pueden facilitar el acceso a soluciones prácticas y fortalecer los esfuerzos de implementación y ambición. [35:13] implementation and ambition efforts indust ambition efforts in industry across different national and regional context while highlighting how this has been applied in practice and lessons. esfuerzos de implementación y ambición, esfuerzos de ambición industrial en la industria en diferentes contextos nacionales y regionales, destacando cómo esto se ha aplicado en la práctica y las lecciones. [35:24] been applied in practice and lessons. that may inform future efforts across other circumstances. se ha aplicado en la práctica y las lecciones. que pueden informar futuros esfuerzos en otras circunstancias. [35:29] For each of these areas, we will first hear a sensitive presentation by experts. Para cada una de estas áreas, primero escucharemos una presentación sensible de expertos. [35:33] Then we have P panel discussion among experts on issues related to subtopics of the breakout sessions. Luego tendremos una discusión de panel entre expertos sobre temas relacionados con subtemas de las sesiones de trabajo. [35:42] And after lunch break, we will move to breakout sessions to dive into two themes under the first area of discussion. Y después del descanso para almorzar, pasaremos a las sesiones de trabajo para profundizar en dos temas del primer área de discusión. [35:49] And tomorrow we will have the second set of breakout sessions on subtopic of the second area of discussion. Y mañana tendremos el segundo conjunto de sesiones de trabajo sobre el subtema del segundo área de discusión. [36:02] >> Thank you Gal. [36:04] >> Thank you Gal. Okay. So now we're going to move on to [36:07] Okay. So now we're going to move on to the first scene setting session. Um and [36:10] the first scene setting session. Um and I would like to invite um Nurzat Gundak [36:14] I would like to invite um Nurzat Gundak the program manager at the energy and [36:16] the program manager at the energy and climate action division of the United [36:18] climate action division of the United Nations Industrial Development [36:20] Nations Industrial Development Organization to provide us with a scene [36:22] Organization to provide us with a scene setting presentation. [36:33] Distinguished [36:47] delegates, colleagues, co-chairs, thanks [36:50] delegates, colleagues, co-chairs, thanks a lot for giving us the giving me the [36:52] a lot for giving us the giving me the floor to present a presentation on the [36:56] floor to present a presentation on the current state of the uh global [36:58] current state of the uh global mitigation solutions for the industrial [37:00] mitigation solutions for the industrial sector. My name is Nzat. I work at Unido [37:04] sector. My name is Nzat. I work at Unido and for those of you who are not [37:05] and for those of you who are not familiar, UNIDO is a UN uh specialized [37:08] familiar, UNIDO is a UN uh specialized agency with a mandate to promote [37:10] agency with a mandate to promote inclusive sustainable industrial [37:12] inclusive sustainable industrial development. So, I'm just waiting for [37:15] development. So, I'm just waiting for the slides to appear to start the [37:18] the slides to appear to start the presentation. [37:39] Okay, thank you so much. So, today I [37:42] Okay, thank you so much. So, today I will be talking technology options and [37:44] will be talking technology options and trends in decarbonizing industries [37:46] trends in decarbonizing industries drawing on national and regional [37:47] drawing on national and regional experiences [37:49] experiences and the first thing I would like to [37:51] and the first thing I would like to start with the scene setting with the [37:52] start with the scene setting with the big picture about the industrial sector [37:54] big picture about the industrial sector it has been already mentioned several [37:56] it has been already mentioned several times that industrial sector is a major [37:59] times that industrial sector is a major contributor to energy demand and it's a [38:01] contributor to energy demand and it's a major source of greenhouse gas emissions [38:04] major source of greenhouse gas emissions it is responsible for about 37% of [38:07] it is responsible for about 37% of global final energy consumption and it [38:10] global final energy consumption and it emits about 22% of the global greenhouse [38:12] emits about 22% of the global greenhouse house gas emissions and if you take into [38:14] house gas emissions and if you take into account indirect emissions from the [38:16] account indirect emissions from the electricity used by industrial sector [38:19] electricity used by industrial sector then it accounts it is responsible for [38:21] then it accounts it is responsible for almost 31% of the global GSG emissions. [38:24] almost 31% of the global GSG emissions. If you look at the industrial sector GSG [38:26] If you look at the industrial sector GSG emissions around half about 56% come [38:30] emissions around half about 56% come from the fossil fuel combustion and [38:32] from the fossil fuel combustion and other half comes from the process [38:34] other half comes from the process related emissions. [38:36] related emissions. Um [38:38] Um what is another important message about [38:40] what is another important message about the industrial sector GSG emissions is [38:42] the industrial sector GSG emissions is that around 70% of emissions come from [38:47] that around 70% of emissions come from uh heavy meeting sectors such as steel, [38:49] uh heavy meeting sectors such as steel, cement, chemicals, petrochemicals, [38:51] cement, chemicals, petrochemicals, aluminum sectors. So these sectors also [38:54] aluminum sectors. So these sectors also called hard to abate sectors. So it is [38:56] called hard to abate sectors. So it is very important if we want to achieve our [38:58] very important if we want to achieve our net zero targets by 2050 these sectors [39:01] net zero targets by 2050 these sectors are quite critical from the [39:02] are quite critical from the decarbonization perspective. [39:05] decarbonization perspective. uh industrial emissions have also nearly [39:07] uh industrial emissions have also nearly doubled since 1990 and since 2020 these [39:11] doubled since 1990 and since 2020 these emissions have grown faster than in any [39:13] emissions have grown faster than in any other sector and continue to rise every [39:16] other sector and continue to rise every year. And another last probably fact [39:19] year. And another last probably fact that we want to know about the [39:20] that we want to know about the industrial sector is that around 65% of [39:24] industrial sector is that around 65% of industrial energy is still fossil [39:26] industrial energy is still fossil fuel-based. And the reason or one of the [39:28] fuel-based. And the reason or one of the reasons is because twothird of [39:30] reasons is because twothird of industrial energy comes from thermal [39:32] industrial energy comes from thermal sources and only onethird of industrial [39:35] sources and only onethird of industrial energy uh is electrical energy basically [39:38] energy uh is electrical energy basically and we have made a lot more progress in [39:41] and we have made a lot more progress in decarbonizing the power sector but we [39:43] decarbonizing the power sector but we haven't made much progress in [39:45] haven't made much progress in decarbonizing the thermal heat or [39:47] decarbonizing the thermal heat or industrial heat and therefore the [39:49] industrial heat and therefore the emissions from the industrial sector [39:50] emissions from the industrial sector remain quite high. One more thing that I [39:53] remain quite high. One more thing that I would like to note about industrial [39:55] would like to note about industrial sector is that um most residual or [39:58] sector is that um most residual or unavoidable GSG emissions in industry in [40:00] unavoidable GSG emissions in industry in 2020 on 2050 will come from heavy [40:04] 2020 on 2050 will come from heavy industries in emerging markets and [40:06] industries in emerging markets and developing economies. Therefore, that's [40:09] developing economies. Therefore, that's another area where we have to focus our [40:11] another area where we have to focus our attention is the regions and economies. [40:14] attention is the regions and economies. It's the EMDs, emerging markets and [40:16] It's the EMDs, emerging markets and developing economies and those economies [40:18] developing economies and those economies that going to look uh to indust [40:20] that going to look uh to indust industrialize as well. If we would like [40:23] industrialize as well. If we would like to reach our net zero targets by 2050, [40:26] to reach our net zero targets by 2050, industrial emissions must be reduced by [40:29] industrial emissions must be reduced by 90%. [40:30] 90%. 90% is a huge figure and that means we [40:33] 90% is a huge figure and that means we have to deploy uh in an accelerated [40:36] have to deploy uh in an accelerated manner and at at a scale decarbonization [40:39] manner and at at a scale decarbonization solutions and mitigations mitigation [40:41] solutions and mitigations mitigation measures. [40:43] measures. Now countries are beginning to give [40:45] Now countries are beginning to give significant attention to industrial [40:46] significant attention to industrial decarbonization within their climate [40:48] decarbonization within their climate strategies. Probably you have seen [40:50] strategies. Probably you have seen already this graph as uh this is the [40:53] already this graph as uh this is the analysis of the NDC latest NDC [40:55] analysis of the NDC latest NDC submissions. As of October 30th [40:59] submissions. As of October 30th basically 2025 [41:01] basically 2025 94% of submitted NDCs they mentioned [41:04] 94% of submitted NDCs they mentioned industry as a mitigation area in the [41:07] industry as a mitigation area in the NDCS. About 72% of NDCS include [41:11] NDCS. About 72% of NDCS include quantitative industry measures. 63% [41:15] quantitative industry measures. 63% included or mentioned hard to abate [41:17] included or mentioned hard to abate industries such as steel, cement, [41:19] industries such as steel, cement, chemicals and petrochemicals and 31% of [41:22] chemicals and petrochemicals and 31% of NDCs provided quantitative measures for [41:25] NDCs provided quantitative measures for hard to abate industries. So this topic [41:27] hard to abate industries. So this topic is gaining attention among countries. [41:31] is gaining attention among countries. Um at Unido we have classified industry [41:35] Um at Unido we have classified industry mitigation measures what we call into [41:37] mitigation measures what we call into building blocks of industrial [41:39] building blocks of industrial decarbonization. [41:41] decarbonization. And these building blocks they represent [41:44] And these building blocks they represent essential levers for decarbonizing uh [41:47] essential levers for decarbonizing uh industrial sector GST emissions and [41:49] industrial sector GST emissions and achieving net zero targets. They should [41:52] achieving net zero targets. They should be pursued in the ways that reflect each [41:54] be pursued in the ways that reflect each country's industrial land landscape, [41:56] country's industrial land landscape, workforce capacity and policy context. [41:59] workforce capacity and policy context. So and these levers might look different [42:01] So and these levers might look different for each country depending on the [42:03] for each country depending on the sectors that the countries have. So what [42:05] sectors that the countries have. So what we have this building blocks we have [42:07] we have this building blocks we have material efficiency measures that [42:10] material efficiency measures that require maximizing output using fewer [42:12] require maximizing output using fewer natural resources reducing the use of [42:14] natural resources reducing the use of carbon intensive materials. [42:17] carbon intensive materials. And another uh important building block [42:19] And another uh important building block is energy efficiency. As we know that [42:21] is energy efficiency. As we know that half of the industrial energy or uh [42:24] half of the industrial energy or uh emissions come from the burning of the [42:25] emissions come from the burning of the fossil fuel. So energy efficiency still [42:28] fossil fuel. So energy efficiency still remains a quite important [42:30] remains a quite important decarbonization lever. The third [42:32] decarbonization lever. The third decarbon uh building block is called [42:35] decarbon uh building block is called lowcarbon energy and feed stock [42:37] lowcarbon energy and feed stock utilizing lowcarbon energy renewables in [42:40] utilizing lowcarbon energy renewables in the industrial processes both as a feed [42:43] the industrial processes both as a feed stock but also as a source of fuel [42:46] stock but also as a source of fuel electrification and process change. We [42:48] electrification and process change. We know that the twothird of industrial [42:50] know that the twothird of industrial energy is based on thermal heat and one [42:54] energy is based on thermal heat and one of the levers to decarbonize and [42:56] of the levers to decarbonize and effectively reduce emissions is actually [42:58] effectively reduce emissions is actually to electrify the heat and that's why the [43:01] to electrify the heat and that's why the process electrification of process is [43:03] process electrification of process is also recognized very often as a [43:05] also recognized very often as a decarbonization lever. Uh the last lever [43:09] decarbonization lever. Uh the last lever that I would like to mention here is [43:10] that I would like to mention here is carbon capture utilization and storage. [43:13] carbon capture utilization and storage. There will be always industrial [43:14] There will be always industrial processes, industrial sectors where [43:16] processes, industrial sectors where emissions will remain and with today's [43:19] emissions will remain and with today's technologies they cannot be abated and [43:22] technologies they cannot be abated and uh good example is a cement sector and [43:24] uh good example is a cement sector and for those sectors carbon capture [43:26] for those sectors carbon capture utilization and or storage comes as a [43:29] utilization and or storage comes as a solution uh to uh abate the emissions in [43:33] solution uh to uh abate the emissions in the sectors. Now what I'm going to do is [43:35] the sectors. Now what I'm going to do is just provide a bit of examples for each [43:37] just provide a bit of examples for each building blocks of real technologies [43:39] building blocks of real technologies that are out there that have been [43:41] that are out there that have been applied or that are emerging uh that [43:44] applied or that are emerging uh that exemplify this building blocks. And the [43:46] exemplify this building blocks. And the first one on the material efficiency and [43:48] first one on the material efficiency and the example of the technology that I [43:50] the example of the technology that I would like to provide is called [43:51] would like to provide is called limestone calcinated clay cement or LC3. [43:56] limestone calcinated clay cement or LC3. It's basically a technology or a [43:58] It's basically a technology or a solution to produce lowcarbon cement [44:01] solution to produce lowcarbon cement because over 90% of the emissions in the [44:04] because over 90% of the emissions in the cement sector are related to the use of [44:07] cement sector are related to the use of cleaner. And if we can do anything to [44:10] cleaner. And if we can do anything to reduce the clinker content in cement, [44:12] reduce the clinker content in cement, we're automatically reducing the CO2 [44:15] we're automatically reducing the CO2 emissions from the cement industry. And [44:17] emissions from the cement industry. And this technology LC3 allows to reduce the [44:21] this technology LC3 allows to reduce the CO2 emissions up to 40 or 50%. This [44:25] CO2 emissions up to 40 or 50%. This technology also is costefficient. It's [44:28] technology also is costefficient. It's not necessarily more expensive than [44:30] not necessarily more expensive than ordinary Portland cement production. So, [44:33] ordinary Portland cement production. So, and has and there are already plants [44:35] and has and there are already plants operating internationally, globally uh [44:38] operating internationally, globally uh successfully producing lowcarbon cement [44:40] successfully producing lowcarbon cement using this technology. There's a plant [44:42] using this technology. There's a plant in Ghana, in Oman and India. So, this [44:45] in Ghana, in Oman and India. So, this technology has a high potential for [44:47] technology has a high potential for scale up and uh one of the regions where [44:50] scale up and uh one of the regions where it has the greatest potential is Africa. [44:53] it has the greatest potential is Africa. Um, another lever that we already talked [44:55] Um, another lever that we already talked about industrial energy efficiency and [44:57] about industrial energy efficiency and it's very hard to choose one technology [45:00] it's very hard to choose one technology that represents industrial energy [45:01] that represents industrial energy efficiency because industrial energy [45:03] efficiency because industrial energy efficiency is a is a massive uh um area [45:08] efficiency is a is a massive uh um area and there are so many technologies out [45:10] and there are so many technologies out there that uh could be used as an [45:12] there that uh could be used as an example but maybe one technology that I [45:14] example but maybe one technology that I thought to bring as an example is the [45:16] thought to bring as an example is the efficiency of the motordriven systems. [45:19] efficiency of the motordriven systems. uh electric motors they account for [45:21] uh electric motors they account for about 60% of industrial electric [45:23] about 60% of industrial electric consumption and if we improve the motor [45:26] consumption and if we improve the motor efficiency of the industrial motor [45:28] efficiency of the industrial motor efficiency we can achieve up to 30% of [45:32] efficiency we can achieve up to 30% of uh savings within individual plant. So [45:34] uh savings within individual plant. So this is a proven technologies that can [45:36] this is a proven technologies that can be applied in various industrial [45:38] be applied in various industrial settings to all sorts of sectors. It's [45:41] settings to all sorts of sectors. It's commercially available and it can be [45:43] commercially available and it can be utilized and it's probably being already [45:45] utilized and it's probably being already utilized in many parts of the world. [45:48] utilized in many parts of the world. Um the next lever is rene renewables [45:51] Um the next lever is rene renewables coupled with hydrogen uh green hydrogen [45:54] coupled with hydrogen uh green hydrogen used as the heat source of feed stock in [45:56] used as the heat source of feed stock in industries such as steel, chemicals and [45:58] industries such as steel, chemicals and cement and it has a huge potential to [46:01] cement and it has a huge potential to reduce GSG emissions from the [46:03] reduce GSG emissions from the specifically hard to abate sectors. This [46:06] specifically hard to abate sectors. This solution is capital intensive and is [46:10] solution is capital intensive and is suitable mostly for the region with [46:11] suitable mostly for the region with abundant renewable energy resources and [46:14] abundant renewable energy resources and the physibility is highly dependent on [46:16] the physibility is highly dependent on the hydrogen production cost. But we [46:19] the hydrogen production cost. But we already can see today few pilot plants [46:22] already can see today few pilot plants operating globally that produce green [46:24] operating globally that produce green hydrogen steel for example and one of [46:27] hydrogen steel for example and one of the picture you can see on the [46:28] the picture you can see on the presentation is the DRI facility [46:31] presentation is the DRI facility producing green steel in Namibia. [46:34] producing green steel in Namibia. Um, as I already mentioned about [46:36] Um, as I already mentioned about electrification, there are already [46:38] electrification, there are already mature technologies that uh uh could [46:41] mature technologies that uh uh could electrify the uh industrial heat such as [46:44] electrify the uh industrial heat such as electric boilers, industrial heat pumps, [46:46] electric boilers, industrial heat pumps, electric arc furnaces. But there are [46:48] electric arc furnaces. But there are also a lot of innovative technologies [46:50] also a lot of innovative technologies that are out there in the prototype [46:52] that are out there in the prototype phase and the demonstration phase that [46:54] phase and the demonstration phase that also provide uh uh to electrify high [46:57] also provide uh uh to electrify high heat uh processes. [47:01] heat uh processes. uh and the last solution that I would [47:02] uh and the last solution that I would like to draw your attention is the [47:04] like to draw your attention is the carbon capture utilization and storage. [47:06] carbon capture utilization and storage. As I said in in some of the sectors [47:08] As I said in in some of the sectors there will be always uh emissions there [47:11] there will be always uh emissions there that you cannot reduce through energy [47:13] that you cannot reduce through energy efficiency or through integration of [47:14] efficiency or through integration of renewable energy. A good example is a [47:17] renewable energy. A good example is a cement industry. the most efficient [47:19] cement industry. the most efficient cement plants. Uh if you use you know uh [47:23] cement plants. Uh if you use you know uh if you achieve all the efficiency [47:25] if you achieve all the efficiency measures within cement plants, there [47:27] measures within cement plants, there would still be about 70% emissions out [47:29] would still be about 70% emissions out there that could not could not be [47:31] there that could not could not be reduced by energy efficiency or [47:33] reduced by energy efficiency or renewable energy. And then the only [47:36] renewable energy. And then the only option basically here if you unless you [47:38] option basically here if you unless you change the process is basically to [47:41] change the process is basically to utilize carbon capture and storage. And [47:43] utilize carbon capture and storage. And on the picture what you here see is the [47:45] on the picture what you here see is the world's first industrial scale CCS [47:48] world's first industrial scale CCS facility in Norway in Brevik. Uh Norway [47:52] facility in Norway in Brevik. Uh Norway is basically a frontr runner that has [47:54] is basically a frontr runner that has basically demonstrated the whole CCS [47:57] basically demonstrated the whole CCS value chain and we can all observe this [47:59] value chain and we can all observe this experience. It is capital intensive [48:02] experience. It is capital intensive technology. It requires careful [48:04] technology. It requires careful planning. uh but it is a solution that [48:07] planning. uh but it is a solution that can be applicable with region with high [48:09] can be applicable with region with high concentration of cement industry [48:11] concentration of cement industry particularly [48:12] particularly um and here on the picture you can also [48:14] um and here on the picture you can also see a startup company Helios uh it's a [48:17] see a startup company Helios uh it's a picture from two weeks ago in Vienna [48:19] picture from two weeks ago in Vienna during the clean techch days one of the [48:22] during the clean techch days one of the startup companies uh that received award [48:25] startup companies uh that received award is basically developed advanced carbon [48:28] is basically developed advanced carbon capture solution for industrial [48:30] capture solution for industrial emissions so this is just an overview [48:33] emissions so this is just an overview basically of the solutions today that [48:35] basically of the solutions today that are available to mitigate industrial [48:37] are available to mitigate industrial sector gi emissions. Thank you. [48:46] Thank you very much Nuzraat for this [48:48] Thank you very much Nuzraat for this very informative presentation. [48:50] very informative presentation. Um all slides will be provided um on the [48:54] Um all slides will be provided um on the website. So just to because I do see a [48:57] website. So just to because I do see a lot of people have been taking pictures [48:58] lot of people have been taking pictures of them. Uh you will have access to all [49:01] of them. Uh you will have access to all of these um shortly. I would like to now [49:04] of these um shortly. I would like to now move to the panel discussion. Um so [49:07] move to the panel discussion. Um so please hold any questions that you may [49:08] please hold any questions that you may have for Nosat to the end of the panel [49:11] have for Nosat to the end of the panel and thank you Nosraat for staying on um [49:13] and thank you Nosraat for staying on um for the discussion. [49:16] for the discussion. So I'd now like to invite the moderator [49:19] So I'd now like to invite the moderator um and the panelists [49:21] um and the panelists um for the panel on technology options [49:23] um for the panel on technology options and trends in decarbonizing industries [49:26] and trends in decarbonizing industries um drawing on national and regional [49:29] um drawing on national and regional experiences. Uh moderating this panel [49:31] experiences. Uh moderating this panel will be Christopher Hope um from Yunido. [49:35] will be Christopher Hope um from Yunido. Christopher. Okay. And joining the panel [49:38] Christopher. Okay. And joining the panel will be Ellen Vanderinden from the [49:41] will be Ellen Vanderinden from the Namibia Green Hydrogen Program. She will [49:44] Namibia Green Hydrogen Program. She will be joining us virtually. Um Idelin [49:47] be joining us virtually. Um Idelin Nazelus from Stagra who's also joining [49:50] Nazelus from Stagra who's also joining us virtually from Sweden. Um Stig [49:53] us virtually from Sweden. Um Stig Oindenson [49:55] Oindenson from the Ministry of Climate and [49:56] from the Ministry of Climate and Environment in Norway. [49:58] Environment in Norway. Naser Od from Capsark um who will also [50:01] Naser Od from Capsark um who will also be joining us virtually from Saudi [50:03] be joining us virtually from Saudi Arabia and Wang Jun um from the climate [50:07] Arabia and Wang Jun um from the climate neutral technology research contemporary [50:10] neutral technology research contemporary Ampereex technology company that is the [50:12] Ampereex technology company that is the CL who will be joining us in person. So [50:15] CL who will be joining us in person. So I'll hand over the floor to you [50:17] I'll hand over the floor to you Christopher and we will take leave off [50:19] Christopher and we will take leave off the podium and uh let you run the show [50:22] the podium and uh let you run the show from here. Thank you. [51:08] Good morning distinguished uh colleagues [51:11] Good morning distinguished uh colleagues uh distinguished delegates. My name as [51:14] uh distinguished delegates. My name as uh noted here is Christopher Hope and [51:16] uh noted here is Christopher Hope and like Noad I work within the UN [51:18] like Noad I work within the UN Industrial Development Organization and [51:20] Industrial Development Organization and I will be moderating this session for us [51:24] I will be moderating this session for us for the next uh hour and 10 20 minutes [51:28] for the next uh hour and 10 20 minutes depending on on how we go with uh the [51:30] depending on on how we go with uh the Q&A afterwards. [51:33] Q&A afterwards. The ambition for this session is really [51:37] The ambition for this session is really to build from the information that Noat [51:42] to build from the information that Noat has already provided us with that high [51:44] has already provided us with that high level international perspective on um [51:47] level international perspective on um the the pertinent technologies and [51:49] the the pertinent technologies and issues within industrial decarbonization [51:52] issues within industrial decarbonization and and green industrialization more [51:54] and and green industrialization more broadly. uh but now we're opening the [51:56] broadly. uh but now we're opening the floor really to national and regional [52:00] floor really to national and regional experiences in these technologies in the [52:02] experiences in these technologies in the challenges and and opportunities around [52:05] challenges and and opportunities around their deployment which I think should [52:07] their deployment which I think should give us a good basis for the breakout uh [52:12] give us a good basis for the breakout uh sessions that will be taking place this [52:15] sessions that will be taking place this afternoon. [52:16] afternoon. So the idea is that after I will [52:20] So the idea is that after I will introduce the um the participants in [52:23] introduce the um the participants in this panel shortly but the idea is that [52:25] this panel shortly but the idea is that I'll put a general question to them such [52:27] I'll put a general question to them such that we can get a good overview of these [52:30] that we can get a good overview of these different perspectives be it different [52:32] different perspectives be it different regions or or private and public sector [52:36] regions or or private and public sector angles on this and from there we'll have [52:38] angles on this and from there we'll have a bit of a deep dive into the uh [52:41] a bit of a deep dive into the uh specificities of these particular [52:43] specificities of these particular contexts and then I'll finish up with a [52:46] contexts and then I'll finish up with a what's being called a lightning round of [52:48] what's being called a lightning round of questions just to um really position us [52:52] questions just to um really position us in a good position for the discussions [52:54] in a good position for the discussions later uh today as well. There will be [52:58] later uh today as well. There will be time for uh Q&A for questions and [53:01] time for uh Q&A for questions and answers and I would encourage you the [53:04] answers and I would encourage you the more that this can be um a a back and [53:07] more that this can be um a a back and forth in terms of information the better [53:09] forth in terms of information the better of course. So uh we will leave good time [53:12] of course. So uh we will leave good time for that and encourage you to think of [53:14] for that and encourage you to think of of questions for the panelists. And as a [53:17] of questions for the panelists. And as a similar note actually for for the [53:18] similar note actually for for the members of the panel including those who [53:21] members of the panel including those who are joining us online while there is of [53:23] are joining us online while there is of course a structure to this the more that [53:26] course a structure to this the more that you you're very welcome to come back on [53:28] you you're very welcome to come back on points that have been made by the other [53:30] points that have been made by the other participants just to to give your [53:33] participants just to to give your immediate reflections there. [53:35] immediate reflections there. So that is the overall context for this [53:38] So that is the overall context for this and you've seen already on the screen [53:40] and you've seen already on the screen the names of the participants but just [53:43] the names of the participants but just for um record and everyone's awareness. [53:46] for um record and everyone's awareness. So joined online firstly by Elina Van D [53:51] So joined online firstly by Elina Van D Lindon who's the head of impact and ESG [53:54] Lindon who's the head of impact and ESG for the Namibia green hydrogen program [53:56] for the Namibia green hydrogen program and Namibia's work on green hydrogen has [53:58] and Namibia's work on green hydrogen has already been noted by noat also joined [54:01] already been noted by noat also joined by Idelin Nelios who is the head of [54:05] by Idelin Nelios who is the head of sustainability and environment for [54:07] sustainability and environment for Stegra which is a Swedishbased company [54:10] Stegra which is a Swedishbased company working to de to develop green hydrogen, [54:12] working to de to develop green hydrogen, green iron and green steel. Also joined [54:17] green iron and green steel. Also joined online by Nasa OD who is a principal [54:20] online by Nasa OD who is a principal fellow at the King Abdullah Petroleum [54:23] fellow at the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center in Saudi [54:26] Studies and Research Center in Saudi Arabia and then on the uh table with me [54:29] Arabia and then on the uh table with me today amongst the panelists firstly to [54:32] today amongst the panelists firstly to my left Steig Urind or Svenson who is [54:35] my left Steig Urind or Svenson who is the deputy director uh general at the [54:38] the deputy director uh general at the Ministry of Climate and Environment and [54:40] Ministry of Climate and Environment and Norway. Thank you for joining us. And [54:42] Norway. Thank you for joining us. And then to my right here is uh Mr. Wang [54:45] then to my right here is uh Mr. Wang Chun who is director uh of climate [54:48] Chun who is director uh of climate neutral technology research at the [54:51] neutral technology research at the contemporary amperex technology company [54:54] contemporary amperex technology company limited which is a Chinese battery [54:56] limited which is a Chinese battery manufacturer and technology company. So [55:00] manufacturer and technology company. So that's uh who will be with you for the [55:02] that's uh who will be with you for the next uh hour or so. So uh as you can [55:06] next uh hour or so. So uh as you can tell there's a good range of um regional [55:09] tell there's a good range of um regional perspectives and different angles on [55:11] perspectives and different angles on this subject. So hopefully an engaging [55:13] this subject. So hopefully an engaging context for us now and with that I will [55:17] context for us now and with that I will turn firstly to some of the colleagues [55:20] turn firstly to some of the colleagues online. So a good test of their techn of [55:23] online. So a good test of their techn of the technology and how it's working so [55:26] the technology and how it's working so far. And so firstly the the general [55:29] far. And so firstly the the general framing question that I'll put to all [55:31] framing question that I'll put to all panelists is the following which is to [55:34] panelists is the following which is to please briefly introduce your national [55:36] please briefly introduce your national regional or organizational experience [55:38] regional or organizational experience with technology options for industrial [55:41] with technology options for industrial decarbonization the type of points that [55:43] decarbonization the type of points that noat has just articulated for us. What [55:46] noat has just articulated for us. What is the context that you're speaking from [55:48] is the context that you're speaking from on these technologies and what are the [55:50] on these technologies and what are the technology uh solutions your experience [55:53] technology uh solutions your experience relates to. So with that, let me first [55:56] relates to. So with that, let me first turn uh to Elina online for your [56:00] turn uh to Elina online for your perspective from the Namibia Green [56:02] perspective from the Namibia Green Hydrogen Program, [56:06] >> Chris, and thank you for having me um [56:08] >> Chris, and thank you for having me um all the way from Namibia. Um it's a pity [56:11] all the way from Namibia. Um it's a pity I can't be there in person, but the [56:14] I can't be there in person, but the logistics were not on our side. Maybe [56:17] logistics were not on our side. Maybe just to start setting the scene for [56:20] just to start setting the scene for Namibia. Um Namibia is a child of the [56:23] Namibia. Um Namibia is a child of the international community and partnerships [56:25] international community and partnerships are very important for us. We wouldn't [56:28] are very important for us. We wouldn't be here if it wasn't for uh UN [56:30] be here if it wasn't for uh UN resolution 435 that led to our [56:34] resolution 435 that led to our independence. Um we were um two weeks [56:37] independence. Um we were um two weeks ago at UNIDO with quite a nice team from [56:41] ago at UNIDO with quite a nice team from the green hydrogen program and we are [56:43] the green hydrogen program and we are very happy to be here today. Um another [56:46] very happy to be here today. Um another scene setter for Namibia is that we have [56:49] scene setter for Namibia is that we have um um a very strong comparative [56:51] um um a very strong comparative advantage in terms of natural resources. [56:54] advantage in terms of natural resources. We have excellent wind, we have [56:56] We have excellent wind, we have excellent solar radiation in the [56:59] excellent solar radiation in the country. Um we uh have them colllocated [57:03] country. Um we uh have them colllocated which is another um advantage for um [57:07] which is another um advantage for um decarbonization and for leaprogging into [57:10] decarbonization and for leaprogging into green industrialization. And we have a [57:12] green industrialization. And we have a lot of space. We are um just 3 million [57:16] lot of space. We are um just 3 million people in a very very large country. Um [57:18] people in a very very large country. Um the Netherlands where I'm from [57:20] the Netherlands where I'm from originally fits 27 times in to Namibia [57:25] originally fits 27 times in to Namibia and we have access to a very large [57:27] and we have access to a very large coastline. So we have access to [57:29] coastline. So we have access to deselinated water. Um another um scene [57:33] deselinated water. Um another um scene setter for Namibia is that we are not [57:36] setter for Namibia is that we are not coming from um a highly industrialized [57:40] coming from um a highly industrialized space. uh we are actually a carbon sync [57:43] space. uh we are actually a carbon sync um mostly um and we are looking at [57:47] um mostly um and we are looking at leaprogging into green industrialization [57:51] leaprogging into green industrialization and I will talk a little bit later about [57:53] and I will talk a little bit later about some of the strategy but since you are [57:56] some of the strategy but since you are focused quite a lot on the different use [57:58] focused quite a lot on the different use cases uh for green hydrogen and for um [58:02] cases uh for green hydrogen and for um uh clean energy um industrial processes. [58:06] uh clean energy um industrial processes. I will briefly um highlight what we're [58:08] I will briefly um highlight what we're doing in Namibia already. And this this [58:11] doing in Namibia already. And this this is no longer a PowerPoint presentation. [58:13] is no longer a PowerPoint presentation. This is really um um work in action. You [58:17] This is really um um work in action. You saw on the screen uh the direct reduced [58:20] saw on the screen uh the direct reduced iron factory, the high iron plant that [58:22] iron factory, the high iron plant that is um operating in the Irango region. So [58:26] is um operating in the Irango region. So we using green hydrogen to produce uh [58:29] we using green hydrogen to produce uh lowgrade iron um and that will be then [58:33] lowgrade iron um and that will be then used in the steel industry. It's a first [58:36] used in the steel industry. It's a first um level of processing. We also using [58:39] um level of processing. We also using green hydrogen for ammonia production [58:42] green hydrogen for ammonia production that will be mostly for export and also [58:45] that will be mostly for export and also for bunkering services. We have a large [58:48] for bunkering services. We have a large uh transport company um um making moves [58:52] uh transport company um um making moves in Namibia. They're going to very um [58:54] in Namibia. They're going to very um soon start a trial with a locomotive [58:57] soon start a trial with a locomotive that's running on green hydrogen. They [59:00] that's running on green hydrogen. They have con converted a men truck to um run [59:04] have con converted a men truck to um run on both diesel and um green hydrogen. We [59:08] on both diesel and um green hydrogen. We are working with the Namibia Civil [59:11] are working with the Namibia Civil Aviation Authority and EO on sustainable [59:15] Aviation Authority and EO on sustainable aviation fuel. Another use case um we're [59:18] aviation fuel. Another use case um we're looking at green fertilizer. You need is [59:21] looking at green fertilizer. You need is supporting um the Darw um project um [59:25] supporting um the Darw um project um that's in also in in the in the in the [59:28] that's in also in in the in the in the irango region. They are looking at [59:30] irango region. They are looking at producing green fertilizer from green [59:33] producing green fertilizer from green hydrogen and ammonia. And then um we are [59:36] hydrogen and ammonia. And then um we are also having a a very interesting project [59:39] also having a a very interesting project that will be using a cactus as a feed [59:42] that will be using a cactus as a feed stock for e-methanol and there will also [59:45] stock for e-methanol and there will also be green hydrogen involved. So we [59:47] be green hydrogen involved. So we basically have um quite a wide a wide [59:51] basically have um quite a wide a wide range of uh various um use cases and [59:55] range of uh various um use cases and applications for the use of uh clean [59:58] applications for the use of uh clean energy. Um, I was told I must keep it [01:00:01] energy. Um, I was told I must keep it short. So, I'm looking at Chris. Uh, am [01:00:03] short. So, I'm looking at Chris. Uh, am I short enough uh just to set the scene [01:00:06] I short enough uh just to set the scene uh for the Namibia contribution uh this [01:00:09] uh for the Namibia contribution uh this morning for you and in the middle of the [01:00:11] morning for you and in the middle of the night for me. Thank you. [01:00:14] night for me. Thank you. >> Thank you, Elena. And yes, I was about [01:00:16] >> Thank you, Elena. And yes, I was about to to comment for the audience on the [01:00:18] to to comment for the audience on the fact that you you are joining us at I [01:00:20] fact that you you are joining us at I think 2 2 a.m. Namibia time. So it's [01:00:22] think 2 2 a.m. Namibia time. So it's really greatly appreciated and uh [01:00:24] really greatly appreciated and uh certainly very helpful initial remarks [01:00:26] certainly very helpful initial remarks in terms of that context uh for the [01:00:29] in terms of that context uh for the various use cases that we're already [01:00:30] various use cases that we're already seeing being deployed in Namibia. To [01:00:33] seeing being deployed in Namibia. To continue online for the time being, let [01:00:36] continue online for the time being, let me turn next to um Edelin from Stegra [01:00:39] me turn next to um Edelin from Stegra for your um introductory points. [01:00:43] for your um introductory points. Thank you and and thank you also for for [01:00:46] Thank you and and thank you also for for having me and very interesting to uh to [01:00:49] having me and very interesting to uh to to the already mentioned scene setting. [01:00:52] to the already mentioned scene setting. So from from staggra's point of view I I [01:00:54] So from from staggra's point of view I I think uh we are in in uh construction [01:00:58] think uh we are in in uh construction phase at the moment. So we are actually [01:01:01] phase at the moment. So we are actually building a lot of what you were [01:01:02] building a lot of what you were describing there. Uh so we are building [01:01:05] describing there. Uh so we are building uh actually the the Europe's largest [01:01:08] uh actually the the Europe's largest hydrogen plant. Uh so it will be roughly [01:01:12] hydrogen plant. Uh so it will be roughly 700 megawatts when it's up and up and [01:01:14] 700 megawatts when it's up and up and running. Uh and the water will come from [01:01:17] running. Uh and the water will come from the Lula river uh which is also then [01:01:21] the Lula river uh which is also then nearby and uh the green hydrogen will be [01:01:24] nearby and uh the green hydrogen will be pumped to uh deer tower where we will [01:01:27] pumped to uh deer tower where we will reduce the iron ore uh to sponge iron uh [01:01:31] reduce the iron ore uh to sponge iron uh using that green hydrogen. So uh then by [01:01:34] using that green hydrogen. So uh then by that roughly removing the majority of of [01:01:37] that roughly removing the majority of of the carbon dioxide roughly 90 95% [01:01:42] the carbon dioxide roughly 90 95% uh and the sponge iron will then later [01:01:44] uh and the sponge iron will then later go into uh the steel plant that we're [01:01:47] go into uh the steel plant that we're building in a minimal concept. So the [01:01:49] building in a minimal concept. So the electric arc furnaces uh and then later [01:01:53] electric arc furnaces uh and then later on we will [01:01:56] on we will then deliver uh the steel coils to [01:01:58] then deliver uh the steel coils to customers via rail and later uh with um [01:02:02] customers via rail and later uh with um well the rail will go to the port and [01:02:04] well the rail will go to the port and then further on to the customers. [01:02:07] then further on to the customers. Um so uh and as I said this is a [01:02:10] Um so uh and as I said this is a construction project and and uh I would [01:02:13] construction project and and uh I would very much like to to show some pictures [01:02:15] very much like to to show some pictures of the progress that we have done. uh [01:02:17] of the progress that we have done. uh but that will be for for for another uh [01:02:20] but that will be for for for another uh for another time. Um so um yeah I I [01:02:24] for another time. Um so um yeah I I think that is a very very um very brief [01:02:28] think that is a very very um very brief discussion. So looking forward to to the [01:02:30] discussion. So looking forward to to the to the discussion and to questions [01:02:32] to the discussion and to questions regarding this. Thank you. [01:02:34] regarding this. Thank you. >> Thank you eelin. And uh yes alongside [01:02:37] >> Thank you eelin. And uh yes alongside the presentations hopefully we'll have [01:02:39] the presentations hopefully we'll have opportunities to um connect uh the [01:02:42] opportunities to um connect uh the distinguished delegates with with our [01:02:44] distinguished delegates with with our presenters later. So, opportunities to [01:02:46] presenters later. So, opportunities to see uh pictures and more information [01:02:48] see uh pictures and more information ultimately just to um for varieties sake [01:02:52] ultimately just to um for varieties sake I think to have some introductory [01:02:54] I think to have some introductory remarks from the table and Steve if I [01:02:57] remarks from the table and Steve if I could turn first to you. [01:03:00] could turn first to you. >> Thank you very much. Um and first of all [01:03:04] >> Thank you very much. Um and first of all I would just thank you Neita for the [01:03:06] I would just thank you Neita for the introductory uh presentation. I will [01:03:08] introductory uh presentation. I will actually build my later answers to to [01:03:11] actually build my later answers to to that presentation. So I'm going to build [01:03:14] that presentation. So I'm going to build on that but uh for the domestic [01:03:17] on that but uh for the domestic situation um and for that of relevance [01:03:20] situation um and for that of relevance for this one I'm going to talk about the [01:03:23] for this one I'm going to talk about the the CCS project that was presented by [01:03:26] the CCS project that was presented by Unido but we do have a lot of hardtobate [01:03:30] Unido but we do have a lot of hardtobate industries in Norway we do have cement [01:03:32] industries in Norway we do have cement industry we have steel we have ammonia [01:03:35] industry we have steel we have ammonia and so on so and uh we do have a very [01:03:40] and so on so and uh we do have a very high degree of electrification in [01:03:42] high degree of electrification in industry Due to our energy system being [01:03:44] industry Due to our energy system being most electricity system being mostly [01:03:46] most electricity system being mostly renewable we are around 97 98% renewable [01:03:51] renewable we are around 97 98% renewable in our electricity system I think 70%ish [01:03:54] in our electricity system I think 70%ish in our energy mix so it's quite high [01:03:57] in our energy mix so it's quite high this is due to uh a lot of hydro power [01:04:01] this is due to uh a lot of hydro power uh usually so it's not that much uh [01:04:05] uh usually so it's not that much uh other renewables yet we are still [01:04:06] other renewables yet we are still working on that uh and we do have a [01:04:09] working on that uh and we do have a large petroleum sector which has a lot [01:04:11] large petroleum sector which has a lot of knowledge that can be used for these [01:04:15] of knowledge that can be used for these other technologies such as CCS. I will [01:04:17] other technologies such as CCS. I will say there are almost uh uh the reason [01:04:21] say there are almost uh uh the reason why we are doing CCS. So I will just say [01:04:27] why we are doing CCS. So I will just say oh sorry oh my goodness. So uh we do [01:04:31] oh sorry oh my goodness. So uh we do have uh 30 years of experience with CCS. [01:04:35] have uh 30 years of experience with CCS. uh the first uh [01:04:38] uh the first uh third 29 years has been in the petroleum [01:04:41] third 29 years has been in the petroleum sector where we had uh since 1996 uh [01:04:45] sector where we had uh since 1996 uh project called snip sniper and then we [01:04:47] project called snip sniper and then we later had a big other project is in LNG [01:04:51] later had a big other project is in LNG but last year we started what you need [01:04:54] but last year we started what you need just presented on the screen the long [01:04:56] just presented on the screen the long ship project which is a capture from a [01:04:58] ship project which is a capture from a cement plant with a flexible transport [01:05:01] cement plant with a flexible transport by ship solution [01:05:04] by ship solution to a storage offshore Norway is called [01:05:07] to a storage offshore Norway is called Northern Lights and this offshore [01:05:10] Northern Lights and this offshore storage is also taking CO2 volumes from [01:05:13] storage is also taking CO2 volumes from CCS projects in the Netherlands from a [01:05:16] CCS projects in the Netherlands from a fertilizer project and it w will take it [01:05:19] fertilizer project and it w will take it has not started yet and and then from a [01:05:21] has not started yet and and then from a bio energy plant in Denmark. We're also [01:05:25] bio energy plant in Denmark. We're also working on a waste to energy CCS project [01:05:28] working on a waste to energy CCS project that will come later. So I think that's [01:05:30] that will come later. So I think that's a short introduction from my side. Thank [01:05:32] a short introduction from my side. Thank you. [01:05:34] you. Thank you, Steen. Looking forward to [01:05:36] Thank you, Steen. Looking forward to some of the remarks as we go through. [01:05:38] some of the remarks as we go through. But I think really interesting point [01:05:39] But I think really interesting point immediately on the um the petroleum [01:05:42] immediately on the um the petroleum sector knowledge uh transfer and and we [01:05:45] sector knowledge uh transfer and and we see that in a few circumstances and it's [01:05:47] see that in a few circumstances and it's a good point within the context of the [01:05:49] a good point within the context of the just energy transition and how these uh [01:05:52] just energy transition and how these uh countries that are moving away from [01:05:53] countries that are moving away from fossil fuel production can benefit from [01:05:55] fossil fuel production can benefit from their pre-existing [01:05:57] their pre-existing um human capital. So to continue though [01:06:01] um human capital. So to continue though with uh the introductory remarks, let me [01:06:03] with uh the introductory remarks, let me return again to the uh virtual room with [01:06:06] return again to the uh virtual room with uh Nessa Ode. Over to you please. [01:06:13] >> Thank you and it's a pleasure to be part [01:06:15] >> Thank you and it's a pleasure to be part of this discussion. Um my name is Naser. [01:06:18] of this discussion. Um my name is Naser. Uh I'm speaking from my role at Capsark [01:06:20] Uh I'm speaking from my role at Capsark uh in Saudi Arabia in Riyad Saudi Arabia [01:06:22] uh in Saudi Arabia in Riyad Saudi Arabia where uh our work focuses on the [01:06:24] where uh our work focuses on the technical economic and policy dimensions [01:06:27] technical economic and policy dimensions of carbon management and industrial [01:06:29] of carbon management and industrial decarbonization [01:06:30] decarbonization uh in particular in the context of the [01:06:33] uh in particular in the context of the Sudi and wider uh region. Um CAPSAR is [01:06:37] Sudi and wider uh region. Um CAPSAR is King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and [01:06:38] King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center. uh um it's an advisory [01:06:42] Research Center. uh um it's an advisory think tank uh we're focusing on [01:06:43] think tank uh we're focusing on lowcarbon technologies [01:06:46] lowcarbon technologies um studying uh basically uh energy [01:06:48] um studying uh basically uh energy economics uh renewables energy [01:06:51] economics uh renewables energy efficiency climate finance carbon [01:06:54] efficiency climate finance carbon markets and technologies [01:06:56] markets and technologies the context we are working on or in at [01:06:58] the context we are working on or in at Capsark is one where industry plays a [01:07:02] Capsark is one where industry plays a central role in the economy um [01:07:03] central role in the economy um particularly sectors such as oil and gas [01:07:06] particularly sectors such as oil and gas uh prochemicals refining cement and iron [01:07:10] uh prochemicals refining cement and iron and steel are very important sectors for [01:07:12] and steel are very important sectors for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Um [01:07:15] the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Um obviously the these are emission [01:07:17] obviously the these are emission intensive sectors but they are also [01:07:20] intensive sectors but they are also sectors where there are real [01:07:21] sectors where there are real opportunities for decarbonization. Um um [01:07:25] opportunities for decarbonization. Um um our work looks at portfolio of [01:07:27] our work looks at portfolio of technology options rather than just u [01:07:30] technology options rather than just u you know any single pathway. [01:07:33] you know any single pathway. Um our work includes carbon capture and [01:07:36] Um our work includes carbon capture and storage, carbon utilization or CO2 [01:07:38] storage, carbon utilization or CO2 utilization where we look at the fuel uh [01:07:41] utilization where we look at the fuel uh as well as the chemical um and also [01:07:43] as well as the chemical um and also material pathways. Um a key focus is [01:07:47] material pathways. Um a key focus is basically um you know for us is CCS and [01:07:50] basically um you know for us is CCS and natural gas processing um hydrogen and [01:07:53] natural gas processing um hydrogen and petrochemicals which what we call as the [01:07:56] petrochemicals which what we call as the you know low hanging fruits or easy [01:07:58] you know low hanging fruits or easy wins. We also look at hydrogen both blue [01:08:01] wins. We also look at hydrogen both blue and green hydrogen um and which is an [01:08:05] and green hydrogen um and which is an important enabling vector especially in [01:08:07] important enabling vector especially in fuels and industrial processes. Uh in [01:08:10] fuels and industrial processes. Uh in addition to this we you know as I [01:08:12] addition to this we you know as I mentioned earlier we're focusing [01:08:14] mentioned earlier we're focusing increasingly on carbon utilization [01:08:15] increasingly on carbon utilization pathways. Um and alongside this there's [01:08:19] pathways. Um and alongside this there's a growing interest u in the kingdom in [01:08:21] a growing interest u in the kingdom in removal technologies for example direct [01:08:23] removal technologies for example direct air capture where recently for example [01:08:26] air capture where recently for example uh you know we were involved in in [01:08:28] uh you know we were involved in in piloting a direct air capture system [01:08:30] piloting a direct air capture system with with the with one of the key uh [01:08:33] with with the with one of the key uh players in the market. Um and uh also we [01:08:37] players in the market. Um and uh also we developed for example we developed tools [01:08:39] developed for example we developed tools u you know modeling tools and and uh for [01:08:42] u you know modeling tools and and uh for example a direct air capture interactive [01:08:44] example a direct air capture interactive map where actually you can look at where [01:08:45] map where actually you can look at where you can uh install direct air capture [01:08:49] you can uh install direct air capture across the kingdom. At the same time we [01:08:51] across the kingdom. At the same time we consider system level aspects uh in our [01:08:53] consider system level aspects uh in our in our analysis and decarbonization [01:08:55] in our analysis and decarbonization energy efficiency integration of [01:08:56] energy efficiency integration of lowcarbon energy and renewables um and [01:09:00] lowcarbon energy and renewables um and also the role of infrastructure um so [01:09:03] also the role of infrastructure um so transport and storage infrastructure [01:09:04] transport and storage infrastructure I'll be talking more about this maybe in [01:09:05] I'll be talking more about this maybe in due course during the discussion uh and [01:09:08] due course during the discussion uh and all of this sits within uh the broader [01:09:10] all of this sits within uh the broader obviously framework of the secular [01:09:12] obviously framework of the secular carbon economy which is basically we we [01:09:14] carbon economy which is basically we we we develop an an annual publication [01:09:17] we develop an an annual publication called the secular carbon economy index [01:09:19] called the secular carbon economy index which looks at many countries around the [01:09:20] which looks at many countries around the world and their performance in terms of [01:09:22] world and their performance in terms of circular carbon economy. [01:09:24] circular carbon economy. Um obviously this is important because [01:09:27] Um obviously this is important because it reflects the idea of the [01:09:28] it reflects the idea of the decarbonization is not just about one [01:09:30] decarbonization is not just about one technology but it's also you know uh [01:09:32] technology but it's also you know uh it's it's a selection of technologies um [01:09:35] it's it's a selection of technologies um and different solutions. Um so basically [01:09:39] and different solutions. Um so basically overall I would say I mean the [01:09:41] overall I would say I mean the perspective I bring is one that is both [01:09:44] perspective I bring is one that is both technical and system focused and looking [01:09:46] technical and system focused and looking at how different technology options [01:09:47] at how different technology options perform in practice how they can be [01:09:50] perform in practice how they can be scaled and what conditions are needed to [01:09:53] scaled and what conditions are needed to to enable their deployment um you know [01:09:56] to enable their deployment um you know across industrial sectors. So looking [01:09:58] across industrial sectors. So looking forward to being with you today and the [01:10:00] forward to being with you today and the discussion. Thank you. [01:10:02] discussion. Thank you. >> Perfect. Thank you Nessa and yes noted [01:10:06] >> Perfect. Thank you Nessa and yes noted um that point with with regards to the [01:10:09] um that point with with regards to the array of technologies and this whole [01:10:11] array of technologies and this whole systems approach which um I'm sure is [01:10:14] systems approach which um I'm sure is going to come through further in the [01:10:15] going to come through further in the discussion. Uh but before we get to that [01:10:18] discussion. Uh but before we get to that let me first turn uh to to Wang Jun for [01:10:21] let me first turn uh to to Wang Jun for your introductory remarks. [01:10:23] your introductory remarks. >> Okay. Uh first of all thank you for your [01:10:26] >> Okay. Uh first of all thank you for your introduction and uh yes the invite in [01:10:28] introduction and uh yes the invite in invitation. Uh so good morning everyone. [01:10:31] invitation. Uh so good morning everyone. Uh I am Wu from CL. Uh it is a great [01:10:34] Uh I am Wu from CL. Uh it is a great honor to have the opportunity to share [01:10:36] honor to have the opportunity to share experience of the industrial [01:10:38] experience of the industrial decarbonization in China. CL as as you [01:10:41] decarbonization in China. CL as as you know CL is one of the largest uh uh [01:10:44] know CL is one of the largest uh uh battery manufacturer. Uh we are our [01:10:48] battery manufacturer. Uh we are our product mainly focused on the power [01:10:50] product mainly focused on the power batteries and the energy storage [01:10:51] batteries and the energy storage batteries aiming to promote the [01:10:53] batteries aiming to promote the replacement of the fuser energy both on [01:10:56] replacement of the fuser energy both on mobile energy use and the standard [01:10:59] mobile energy use and the standard stationary energy use. [01:11:02] stationary energy use. Uh as a manufacturer ourself also has a [01:11:05] Uh as a manufacturer ourself also has a lot of greenhouse gas emission. So uh [01:11:08] lot of greenhouse gas emission. So uh our company attaches great importance to [01:11:11] our company attaches great importance to the decarbonization not just for ourself [01:11:14] the decarbonization not just for ourself but for the whole supply chain. In 20123 [01:11:17] but for the whole supply chain. In 20123 we have announced our uh zerocarbon [01:11:19] we have announced our uh zerocarbon strategy which is aimed to uh to achieve [01:11:24] strategy which is aimed to uh to achieve the the core uh the core carbon neutral [01:11:28] the the core uh the core carbon neutral operation uh operation in 2025 and the [01:11:31] operation uh operation in 2025 and the whole supply chain carbon neutral in in [01:11:34] whole supply chain carbon neutral in in 2035. Which means that last year we has [01:11:37] 2035. Which means that last year we has achieved the core uh core operation [01:11:42] achieved the core uh core operation carbon neutral neutral. [01:11:45] carbon neutral neutral. Uh among them last year China has [01:11:48] Uh among them last year China has announced the first batch of the pilot [01:11:51] announced the first batch of the pilot uh zero copper industrial park of them. [01:11:55] uh zero copper industrial park of them. Among them five of the indust industry [01:11:58] Among them five of the indust industry park we have our uh factory there and we [01:12:01] park we have our uh factory there and we are the like the supply chain leader. So [01:12:06] are the like the supply chain leader. So uh today uh I intend to take one of this [01:12:10] uh today uh I intend to take one of this uh zerocarbon industrial parks the [01:12:12] uh zerocarbon industrial parks the eastern industrial park of ebing China [01:12:14] eastern industrial park of ebing China as an example to share the [01:12:16] as an example to share the decarbonization experience of the [01:12:19] decarbonization experience of the industrial parks which is like a [01:12:20] industrial parks which is like a regional decarbonization. [01:12:23] regional decarbonization. Uh the experience will meaning involves [01:12:26] Uh the experience will meaning involves uh the uh zerocarbon energy [01:12:29] uh the uh zerocarbon energy electrification industrial chain [01:12:31] electrification industrial chain collaborative decarbonization secure [01:12:34] collaborative decarbonization secure energy and the digital digitalizing and [01:12:36] energy and the digital digitalizing and the intelligence. So that's all. Thank [01:12:39] the intelligence. So that's all. Thank you. [01:12:40] you. >> Thank you very much Wangjun. And um that [01:12:44] >> Thank you very much Wangjun. And um that concept or the idea of the zerocarbon [01:12:46] concept or the idea of the zerocarbon industrial parks is certainly something [01:12:48] industrial parks is certainly something when when we speak with UNIDO's member [01:12:50] when when we speak with UNIDO's member states is an idea that that many are [01:12:53] states is an idea that that many are interested in exploring. So looking [01:12:55] interested in exploring. So looking forward to hearing more about that [01:12:57] forward to hearing more about that during the discussion. As you can see [01:13:00] during the discussion. As you can see then from uh the participants and and [01:13:03] then from uh the participants and and the remarks that they've already shared, [01:13:05] the remarks that they've already shared, we have um practitioners close to the [01:13:07] we have um practitioners close to the subject matter that no was laying out at [01:13:10] subject matter that no was laying out at the start of this session from [01:13:12] the start of this session from government private sector and also uh [01:13:14] government private sector and also uh the the think tank or research space. So [01:13:17] the the think tank or research space. So a good basis for uh the continuation of [01:13:20] a good basis for uh the continuation of this conversation also covering [01:13:21] this conversation also covering different regions of course. So a [01:13:23] different regions of course. So a helpful starting point and from there [01:13:26] helpful starting point and from there let me turn back to uh to Elina online [01:13:30] let me turn back to uh to Elina online to talk a bit more about the context in [01:13:32] to talk a bit more about the context in Namibia with regards to the uh green [01:13:35] Namibia with regards to the uh green hydrogen program. So Alina from from [01:13:38] hydrogen program. So Alina from from that experience and you made the point [01:13:40] that experience and you made the point that in the Namibian case it's it's no [01:13:42] that in the Namibian case it's it's no longer um just a PowerPoint [01:13:45] longer um just a PowerPoint presentation. These these are now um [01:13:47] presentation. These these are now um actions on the ground. Um and what um [01:13:51] actions on the ground. Um and what um has that uh on the ground experience [01:13:53] has that uh on the ground experience revealed about what it genuinely takes [01:13:56] revealed about what it genuinely takes to move from a a a national program, a [01:13:59] to move from a a a national program, a national strategy uh forward from design [01:14:03] national strategy uh forward from design to implementation and what lessons might [01:14:06] to implementation and what lessons might this experience bring for um other [01:14:08] this experience bring for um other countries considering similar approaches [01:14:11] countries considering similar approaches in in green hydrogen and more broadly? [01:14:16] >> Uh thank you Chris for that question. Um [01:14:20] >> Uh thank you Chris for that question. Um so in terms of the levers for um our [01:14:25] so in terms of the levers for um our industries or our green uh hydrogen and [01:14:28] industries or our green uh hydrogen and green industrialization development [01:14:30] green industrialization development um we started with a very strong vision [01:14:32] um we started with a very strong vision a couple of years ago. It was um a green [01:14:35] a couple of years ago. It was um a green hydrogen and derivative strategy that [01:14:37] hydrogen and derivative strategy that was uh launched in 2022. [01:14:41] was uh launched in 2022. And then we realized it's not just about [01:14:43] And then we realized it's not just about producing green hydrogen. green hydrogen [01:14:45] producing green hydrogen. green hydrogen is not um um an end or a fi an ultimate [01:14:50] is not um um an end or a fi an ultimate objective. The objective is to um create [01:14:53] objective. The objective is to um create industries. And then we developed the [01:14:56] industries. And then we developed the green industrialization blueprint. You [01:14:58] green industrialization blueprint. You find all these wonderful documents on [01:15:00] find all these wonderful documents on our website, Namibia Green Hydrogen uh [01:15:02] our website, Namibia Green Hydrogen uh program website. And we looked at what [01:15:04] program website. And we looked at what is required in terms of um getting this [01:15:08] is required in terms of um getting this industry going from um an infrastructure [01:15:11] industry going from um an infrastructure perspective. Looking at uh transmission [01:15:13] perspective. Looking at uh transmission lines, looking at rail and road, looking [01:15:16] lines, looking at rail and road, looking at port infrastructure for uh potential [01:15:19] at port infrastructure for uh potential exports. Um we actually have started on [01:15:22] exports. Um we actually have started on a feasibility study for a pipeline [01:15:25] a feasibility study for a pipeline between Namibia and South Africa because [01:15:27] between Namibia and South Africa because in South Africa uh many industries are [01:15:31] in South Africa uh many industries are hard to obey industries and they require [01:15:34] hard to obey industries and they require decarbonization [01:15:35] decarbonization not in Namibia because we don't just [01:15:37] not in Namibia because we don't just don't have that much industry but [01:15:39] don't have that much industry but definitely in South Africa. Um and then [01:15:42] definitely in South Africa. Um and then we also looked at um potential early [01:15:45] we also looked at um potential early industries that we could um start [01:15:47] industries that we could um start developing in Namibia. So we've always [01:15:49] developing in Namibia. So we've always taken quite a pragmatic approach and I [01:15:52] taken quite a pragmatic approach and I think that's the um the red thread um [01:15:55] think that's the um the red thread um that runs through all the interventions [01:15:57] that runs through all the interventions in Namibia. [01:15:59] in Namibia. uh being on the ground, being practical, [01:16:01] uh being on the ground, being practical, looking at what is what is the [01:16:03] looking at what is what is the lowhanging fruit, where can we start and [01:16:06] lowhanging fruit, where can we start and um one of those areas is to look at [01:16:09] um one of those areas is to look at critical raw materials which in Namibia [01:16:11] critical raw materials which in Namibia at the moment and also for many of the [01:16:13] at the moment and also for many of the countries in the region um are leaving [01:16:16] countries in the region um are leaving the continent uh without any value [01:16:18] the continent uh without any value addition, without any beneficiation. [01:16:21] addition, without any beneficiation. And we said, well, we have a very um [01:16:24] And we said, well, we have a very um good starting point here to start adding [01:16:26] good starting point here to start adding value to these minerals. And uh the high [01:16:30] value to these minerals. And uh the high iron uh plant in in in close to Iran, [01:16:33] iron uh plant in in in close to Iran, this is one of the first um actual um [01:16:37] this is one of the first um actual um yeah um uh demonstrations there offer by [01:16:41] yeah um uh demonstrations there offer by iron or is then reduced to direct [01:16:43] iron or is then reduced to direct reduced iron. We're also looking at [01:16:45] reduced iron. We're also looking at lithium. We're looking at manganesees. [01:16:47] lithium. We're looking at manganesees. At the moment, manganesees is coming in [01:16:49] At the moment, manganesees is coming in from South Africa and it's basically um [01:16:53] from South Africa and it's basically um trucked in uh on our roads damaging the [01:16:56] trucked in uh on our roads damaging the roads if I may say so because the [01:16:58] roads if I may say so because the railway line is not used for the for the [01:17:00] railway line is not used for the for the manganesees and it's leaving luterates [01:17:02] manganesees and it's leaving luterates unprocessed. So we're also looking at [01:17:04] unprocessed. So we're also looking at using um clean energy to reduce uh that [01:17:09] using um clean energy to reduce uh that manganesees and that's also good for the [01:17:10] manganesees and that's also good for the environment in the long run because you [01:17:12] environment in the long run because you reduce the volume of the materials that [01:17:15] reduce the volume of the materials that are being transported around the world. [01:17:17] are being transported around the world. Um so what are yeah so so that's one of [01:17:21] Um so what are yeah so so that's one of the the key levers our vision our um um [01:17:26] the the key levers our vision our um um strategy um but nothing is perfect yet [01:17:29] strategy um but nothing is perfect yet we we don't have a dedicated policy for [01:17:32] we we don't have a dedicated policy for green hydrogen at uh as as as I'm [01:17:35] green hydrogen at uh as as as I'm speaking at the moment we are working on [01:17:37] speaking at the moment we are working on it but it's not in place yet but you [01:17:40] it but it's not in place yet but you don't need to have everything in place [01:17:42] don't need to have everything in place you don't have to have all the elements [01:17:45] you don't have to have all the elements um in a perfect um uh lineup. We talked [01:17:49] um in a perfect um uh lineup. We talked about the building blocks for um green [01:17:52] about the building blocks for um green clean industrialization, but it doesn't [01:17:54] clean industrialization, but it doesn't all have to be there uh at once. We can [01:17:57] all have to be there uh at once. We can lean on existing legislation. We have an [01:17:59] lean on existing legislation. We have an environmental management act. We have uh [01:18:02] environmental management act. We have uh legislation around water use and [01:18:04] legislation around water use and electricity use. Um ammonia is [01:18:08] electricity use. Um ammonia is transported on our roads and on our rail [01:18:10] transported on our roads and on our rail already. So we we have really taken a [01:18:13] already. So we we have really taken a very very pragmatic approach to this [01:18:16] very very pragmatic approach to this whole um Pandora's box called green [01:18:19] whole um Pandora's box called green industrialization. We also looked at [01:18:21] industrialization. We also looked at skills. We said okay um it is a it is a [01:18:24] skills. We said okay um it is a it is a high-tech industry on the one hand but [01:18:26] high-tech industry on the one hand but there are lots of skills that uh we [01:18:29] there are lots of skills that uh we already have. You do need plumbers. You [01:18:31] already have. You do need plumbers. You need you do need uh welders in the in [01:18:34] need you do need uh welders in the in the in the industry. You do need people [01:18:36] the in the industry. You do need people that need to that that can set up solar [01:18:39] that need to that that can set up solar uh energy parks and and we have those [01:18:42] uh energy parks and and we have those skills in Namibia. It's just a matter of [01:18:44] skills in Namibia. It's just a matter of upskilling, sideskilling, um adding um [01:18:48] upskilling, sideskilling, um adding um adding um the yeah the final the final [01:18:51] adding um the yeah the final the final kilometer um to those skills. So it is [01:18:55] kilometer um to those skills. So it is we have tried to demystify um the green [01:18:58] we have tried to demystify um the green industrialization play in Namibia and [01:19:01] industrialization play in Namibia and made it um a bit more byite-size and [01:19:03] made it um a bit more byite-size and also um more um uh yeah to make it to [01:19:07] also um more um uh yeah to make it to make the people in Namibia also [01:19:09] make the people in Namibia also understand uh what this industry is all [01:19:11] understand uh what this industry is all about. We've done road shows, we've done [01:19:13] about. We've done road shows, we've done a lot of outreach, we're working on two [01:19:17] a lot of outreach, we're working on two um strategic environmental and social [01:19:19] um strategic environmental and social assessments. uh again bringing in uh the [01:19:22] assessments. uh again bringing in uh the social economic uh side of things, the [01:19:25] social economic uh side of things, the biodiversity, environmental side of of [01:19:28] biodiversity, environmental side of of the industry really um breaking it open [01:19:31] the industry really um breaking it open and and making it um better understood. [01:19:34] and and making it um better understood. Another key lever for our development [01:19:37] Another key lever for our development has been partnerships and as I mentioned [01:19:40] has been partnerships and as I mentioned uh in my introductory remarks, Namibia [01:19:43] uh in my introductory remarks, Namibia is the product of partnerships. We had a [01:19:46] is the product of partnerships. We had a we've had a lot of support from the [01:19:48] we've had a lot of support from the German government, the Dutch government. [01:19:50] German government, the Dutch government. The Dutch government actually made uh um [01:19:53] The Dutch government actually made uh um made funding available to operationalize [01:19:56] made funding available to operationalize our program to actually start up. We [01:20:00] our program to actually start up. We have uh we receive support under the EU [01:20:02] have uh we receive support under the EU and EU EU uh gateway program. We receive [01:20:06] and EU EU uh gateway program. We receive uh support from UNIDO. The World Bank is [01:20:09] uh support from UNIDO. The World Bank is involved with our skills strategy, with [01:20:11] involved with our skills strategy, with our enterprise development work. Um we [01:20:15] our enterprise development work. Um we have um yeah we've had we have we've had [01:20:19] have um yeah we've had we have we've had a lot of funding and technical [01:20:21] a lot of funding and technical assistance support otherwise many of our [01:20:23] assistance support otherwise many of our our pilot projects would not have um [01:20:27] our pilot projects would not have um materialized and to um to add to what I [01:20:32] materialized and to um to add to what I said at the beginning is perfect yet we [01:20:34] said at the beginning is perfect yet we are learning and how do you learn is [01:20:37] are learning and how do you learn is actually by doing. Um I was recently at [01:20:40] actually by doing. Um I was recently at the high iron plant and there was a [01:20:42] the high iron plant and there was a little glitch with uh the kiln and uh [01:20:46] little glitch with uh the kiln and uh they were working on fixing that glitch [01:20:49] they were working on fixing that glitch and the glitch is now fixed and we are [01:20:51] and the glitch is now fixed and we are on the move again. Um, in Dows, they [01:20:54] on the move again. Um, in Dows, they couldn't switch on the electrolyer uh [01:20:57] couldn't switch on the electrolyer uh because they still had to x-ray the [01:21:00] because they still had to x-ray the pipes because your pipes need to be 120% [01:21:04] pipes because your pipes need to be 120% um uh properly welded because you don't [01:21:07] um uh properly welded because you don't want green hydrogen to escape and you [01:21:09] want green hydrogen to escape and you don't want ammonia to escape. It's those [01:21:12] don't want ammonia to escape. It's those are dangerous products. So you know we [01:21:15] are dangerous products. So you know we we are learning by doing and that is um [01:21:18] we are learning by doing and that is um it's not like we are uh just kind of [01:21:21] it's not like we are uh just kind of taking a trial and error approach but we [01:21:23] taking a trial and error approach but we really with definite and clear intent we [01:21:26] really with definite and clear intent we are uh practicing to make it perfect and [01:21:29] are uh practicing to make it perfect and not everything needs to be perfect uh [01:21:32] not everything needs to be perfect uh from day one and I think that's a [01:21:33] from day one and I think that's a message that uh I would like to uh leave [01:21:36] message that uh I would like to uh leave you with um also as you go into your [01:21:39] you with um also as you go into your working groups. Um yeah, so that's [01:21:41] working groups. Um yeah, so that's basically my um elaborate answer to your [01:21:44] basically my um elaborate answer to your question, Chris. [01:21:47] question, Chris. >> Very good. Thank you, Elina. And uh lots [01:21:49] >> Very good. Thank you, Elina. And uh lots of I think pertinent points there for [01:21:52] of I think pertinent points there for the um the delegates with me in the [01:21:54] the um the delegates with me in the room. Um, one one of those being, of [01:21:57] room. Um, one one of those being, of course, as you've noted in in your [01:21:59] course, as you've noted in in your concluding remarks as well, this idea of [01:22:02] concluding remarks as well, this idea of um practical and and lowhanging fruit [01:22:05] um practical and and lowhanging fruit within uh ambitions to advance within [01:22:07] within uh ambitions to advance within some of these um industrial [01:22:09] some of these um industrial decarbonization technologies. [01:22:13] decarbonization technologies. um effectively getting going as as you [01:22:16] um effectively getting going as as you were saying and and learning through [01:22:18] were saying and and learning through process which is certainly um from our [01:22:20] process which is certainly um from our perspective an important part of this um [01:22:25] perspective an important part of this um thinking as well as you noted with [01:22:27] thinking as well as you noted with regards to the pre-existing skills and [01:22:29] regards to the pre-existing skills and and this um reminds me of the remarks [01:22:32] and this um reminds me of the remarks made by Ste earlier as well and and [01:22:34] made by Ste earlier as well and and utilizing the wealth of uh capacity that [01:22:37] utilizing the wealth of uh capacity that is already there in the room in the um [01:22:40] is already there in the room in the um in the given national context. [01:22:42] in the given national context. And then just one other thing that came [01:22:44] And then just one other thing that came to mind certainly that that point on [01:22:46] to mind certainly that that point on partnerships that's a lot of the [01:22:48] partnerships that's a lot of the emphasis that the uh COP 31 uh [01:22:52] emphasis that the uh COP 31 uh presidencies and and um the leadership [01:22:54] presidencies and and um the leadership from Teier and Australia were [01:22:56] from Teier and Australia were emphasizing that that role of [01:22:58] emphasizing that that role of collaboration here and um uh that's [01:23:01] collaboration here and um uh that's certainly been evident in the case of [01:23:04] certainly been evident in the case of Namibia. [01:23:05] Namibia. Let me then turn Steve uh to you [01:23:08] Let me then turn Steve uh to you thinking um really about uh CCS as you [01:23:13] thinking um really about uh CCS as you were talking about earlier but from from [01:23:15] were talking about earlier but from from your experience in in Norway's context [01:23:19] your experience in in Norway's context of of implementing this technology which [01:23:21] of of implementing this technology which as you know 30 years um ultimately so [01:23:26] as you know 30 years um ultimately so far what have the challenges what are [01:23:28] far what have the challenges what are the challenges that you've had to work [01:23:31] the challenges that you've had to work through in practice in Norway's case [01:23:33] through in practice in Norway's case what approaches have helped [01:23:35] what approaches have helped And what has this experience revealed [01:23:37] And what has this experience revealed about where the technology performs as [01:23:40] about where the technology performs as expected, where it is harder than [01:23:42] expected, where it is harder than anticipated, and and what the experience [01:23:45] anticipated, and and what the experience suggests about where the technology [01:23:47] suggests about where the technology really is at its most viable? [01:23:53] >> Thank you. And uh that's a very broad [01:23:56] >> Thank you. And uh that's a very broad question, but I will uh try and answer [01:23:58] question, but I will uh try and answer as best as I can. I want to as I said [01:24:01] as best as I can. I want to as I said earlier go back to the uh scene setting [01:24:04] earlier go back to the uh scene setting presentation because there is some very [01:24:07] presentation because there is some very important points that also was relevant [01:24:09] important points that also was relevant for Norway. Uh and you remember most of [01:24:14] for Norway. Uh and you remember most of us when we went to school we learned [01:24:15] us when we went to school we learned that if there is a demand there will be [01:24:17] that if there is a demand there will be a supply [01:24:19] a supply that was not the case for CCS in [01:24:22] that was not the case for CCS in industry. [01:24:24] industry. We also learned that if you put the [01:24:25] We also learned that if you put the price on emissions, climate solutions [01:24:28] price on emissions, climate solutions will be profitable. That is true, but [01:24:30] will be profitable. That is true, but that was not the case for the CCS [01:24:33] that was not the case for the CCS project we saw Unido presented in the [01:24:38] project we saw Unido presented in the presentation. So we needed to figure out [01:24:41] presentation. So we needed to figure out what was the reason for this [01:24:45] what was the reason for this and you already provided the answer. uh [01:24:48] and you already provided the answer. uh it is high upfront cost investments [01:24:52] it is high upfront cost investments that does even though you will have a [01:24:54] that does even though you will have a high price on uh the emissions that [01:24:57] high price on uh the emissions that alone will not result in profitable [01:25:02] alone will not result in profitable commercial CCS projects. So our [01:25:06] commercial CCS projects. So our challenge as government was how do we [01:25:09] challenge as government was how do we then support the initial projects [01:25:14] then support the initial projects to and fit that within our broader [01:25:17] to and fit that within our broader policies [01:25:19] policies and that does not that is the industrial [01:25:22] and that does not that is the industrial policy and also in the climate policy. [01:25:26] policy and also in the climate policy. So in the climate policy as I said 80% [01:25:30] So in the climate policy as I said 80% of our emissions have a price on CO2. [01:25:34] of our emissions have a price on CO2. So we did not want to dis disrupt that [01:25:37] So we did not want to dis disrupt that price signal. [01:25:40] price signal. And second of all, we already as you and [01:25:44] And second of all, we already as you and I have talked about earlier have a lot [01:25:46] I have talked about earlier have a lot of experiences that are similar that can [01:25:49] of experiences that are similar that can be used just for this different [01:25:51] be used just for this different purposes. So when we designed the [01:25:54] purposes. So when we designed the support mechanism, [01:25:56] support mechanism, we had to keep all these things in mind [01:25:59] we had to keep all these things in mind because we did not want any adverse [01:26:01] because we did not want any adverse effects on the existing policies. [01:26:04] effects on the existing policies. So then the question was first how do [01:26:08] So then the question was first how do you then support the development of this [01:26:10] you then support the development of this project with high upfront cost. So yes, [01:26:13] project with high upfront cost. So yes, you do initial subsidies for the for the [01:26:17] you do initial subsidies for the for the investment cost but the operating cost [01:26:21] investment cost but the operating cost was also high. So for a while we then [01:26:24] was also high. So for a while we then also will created a subsidy for the [01:26:27] also will created a subsidy for the operating cost for the first projects. [01:26:31] operating cost for the first projects. The important part here is that uh as I [01:26:35] The important part here is that uh as I said it's a chain. So what I now [01:26:37] said it's a chain. So what I now described fits very well for the cement [01:26:40] described fits very well for the cement and the capture plant. But you also have [01:26:42] and the capture plant. But you also have to have transport and storage. Three [01:26:46] to have transport and storage. Three different parts in a way. Three [01:26:47] different parts in a way. Three different industries coming together. [01:26:50] different industries coming together. And usually these three parts of [01:26:53] And usually these three parts of industry do not talk to each other. They [01:26:55] industry do not talk to each other. They are not in the same circle as as as I [01:26:58] are not in the same circle as as as I can say simplified. So then in addition [01:27:01] can say simplified. So then in addition to the support system, we needed these [01:27:04] to the support system, we needed these three to somehow come together and find [01:27:08] three to somehow come together and find workable solutions because it doesn't [01:27:10] workable solutions because it doesn't help if you have a capture plant if [01:27:13] help if you have a capture plant if there's nowhere to put the CO2 or [01:27:15] there's nowhere to put the CO2 or transport the CO2 to. So then we had to [01:27:18] transport the CO2 to. So then we had to figure out how do you solve these three [01:27:21] figure out how do you solve these three and this where the government can come [01:27:23] and this where the government can come in and play a facilitating role because [01:27:25] in and play a facilitating role because we have a broader view than one industry [01:27:28] we have a broader view than one industry themselves. So my uh pre I used to work [01:27:32] themselves. So my uh pre I used to work in the ministry of energy at that time [01:27:34] in the ministry of energy at that time with uh partly this project and this was [01:27:36] with uh partly this project and this was one of the main uh concerns or [01:27:39] one of the main uh concerns or challenges we had. How do we get these [01:27:41] challenges we had. How do we get these three parts to work together? [01:27:45] three parts to work together? And that we did through uh many [01:27:49] And that we did through uh many different measures. But we also created [01:27:51] different measures. But we also created a system where we had a very open [01:27:55] a system where we had a very open communication with the industrial [01:27:56] communication with the industrial partners where we had and created a sort [01:28:00] partners where we had and created a sort of trust where they can share their uh [01:28:03] of trust where they can share their uh needs with us and with without us taking [01:28:08] needs with us and with without us taking advantage so to speak of knowing more uh [01:28:11] advantage so to speak of knowing more uh commercial subjects than we normally [01:28:14] commercial subjects than we normally would. So you have to create a certain [01:28:17] would. So you have to create a certain level of trust between all the [01:28:19] level of trust between all the participants and you have to bring them [01:28:20] participants and you have to bring them together. [01:28:22] together. And there is of course an issue of what [01:28:27] And there is of course an issue of what happens if one part of the chain is not [01:28:30] happens if one part of the chain is not ready when the other parts of the chain [01:28:33] ready when the other parts of the chain are ready. And this is this was not a [01:28:37] are ready. And this is this was not a big topic but the capture plant was a [01:28:39] big topic but the capture plant was a bit later than the storage part. And [01:28:41] bit later than the storage part. And then suddenly you had no CO2 to pump [01:28:45] then suddenly you had no CO2 to pump into the storage and they were ready. So [01:28:48] into the storage and they were ready. So in a way what do you do then? So then we [01:28:50] in a way what do you do then? So then we had to find CO2 somewhere else. So it [01:28:52] had to find CO2 somewhere else. So it went you have to work in a kind of [01:28:54] went you have to work in a kind of flexible way. Of course, this was done [01:28:56] flexible way. Of course, this was done by the industrial actors, not the [01:28:59] by the industrial actors, not the government, but we were kind of [01:29:00] government, but we were kind of facilitating and making sure that all [01:29:02] facilitating and making sure that all these things worked together. [01:29:06] these things worked together. And that is uh you asked what worked. Uh [01:29:10] And that is uh you asked what worked. Uh so that in in a way first the first [01:29:13] so that in in a way first the first point is it was a strong and long-term [01:29:16] point is it was a strong and long-term willingness by the government. Several [01:29:19] willingness by the government. Several different parties had been in [01:29:22] different parties had been in government. they all supported the [01:29:24] government. they all supported the development of carbon capture and [01:29:26] development of carbon capture and storage in industry. So in Norway of I [01:29:30] storage in industry. So in Norway of I didn't say that but we are mostly [01:29:31] didn't say that but we are mostly looking almost only looking at [01:29:34] looking almost only looking at industrial CCS not uh on power plants. [01:29:38] industrial CCS not uh on power plants. So that created a long so the industry [01:29:41] So that created a long so the industry knew that the government was not going [01:29:42] knew that the government was not going to change its mind we were going to [01:29:44] to change its mind we were going to stick with this policy we have stickked [01:29:46] stick with this policy we have stickked with it for 30 years we will continue to [01:29:48] with it for 30 years we will continue to stick with it. So that is important. [01:29:50] stick with it. So that is important. Second of all, governments are not [01:29:53] Second of all, governments are not experts on technology. [01:29:56] experts on technology. So that also means that we needed the [01:29:58] So that also means that we needed the industry to come up with this technology [01:30:01] industry to come up with this technology solutions and then we were must be [01:30:03] solutions and then we were must be willing to work with those. So that [01:30:04] willing to work with those. So that worked very well that kind of [01:30:06] worked very well that kind of partnership and collaboration between us [01:30:10] partnership and collaboration between us and the private sector and academia. I [01:30:14] and the private sector and academia. I would say [01:30:16] would say I will also say something that has [01:30:18] I will also say something that has worked extremely well uh is [01:30:23] worked extremely well uh is information sharing on several levels. [01:30:26] information sharing on several levels. So we have information I described the [01:30:29] So we have information I described the information sharing between the [01:30:30] information sharing between the Norwegian government and the Norwegian [01:30:31] Norwegian government and the Norwegian companies but we have done for many many [01:30:35] companies but we have done for many many years a very [01:30:37] years a very I would say outreach to all other [01:30:42] I would say outreach to all other governments that are interested in this [01:30:44] governments that are interested in this topic and it's not uh not just Norway [01:30:47] topic and it's not uh not just Norway but I we have worked very closely with [01:30:50] but I we have worked very closely with uh Saudi Arabia, Canada, US, Japan [01:30:54] uh Saudi Arabia, Canada, US, Japan uh the UK now we are talking a lot with [01:30:57] uh the UK now we are talking a lot with uh our neighboring countries in Europe. [01:31:00] uh our neighboring countries in Europe. Uh we have extensively talked with [01:31:03] Uh we have extensively talked with Singapore which has a very interesting [01:31:05] Singapore which has a very interesting different solution because they don't [01:31:07] different solution because they don't have storage. [01:31:09] have storage. So uh international cooperation is [01:31:12] So uh international cooperation is important just not only for knowledge [01:31:14] important just not only for knowledge sharing but also for the fact that uh [01:31:18] sharing but also for the fact that uh storage reservoirs are not equally [01:31:20] storage reservoirs are not equally distributed throughout the world. So [01:31:23] distributed throughout the world. So some countries will have it, others [01:31:25] some countries will have it, others won't. And then you need international [01:31:27] won't. And then you need international cooperation to be able for export import [01:31:31] cooperation to be able for export import of CO2. So my example earlier with the [01:31:34] of CO2. So my example earlier with the Netherlands and Denmark is such an [01:31:37] Netherlands and Denmark is such an example where uh even though they have [01:31:39] example where uh even though they have storage capacity themselves, they chose [01:31:42] storage capacity themselves, they chose to store it in Norway. So in a way there [01:31:45] to store it in Norway. So in a way there are so many bits and pieces here and at [01:31:47] are so many bits and pieces here and at the same time time the industry have [01:31:51] the same time time the industry have their information sharing platforms [01:31:54] their information sharing platforms which they use extensively throughout [01:31:55] which they use extensively throughout the world. So I think in a general way [01:31:58] the world. So I think in a general way it fits very well with the topic of this [01:32:00] it fits very well with the topic of this year's uh dialogue and the cop that all [01:32:04] year's uh dialogue and the cop that all this happens mostly because of [01:32:08] this happens mostly because of cooperation on different levels. I think [01:32:11] cooperation on different levels. I think that's try my attempt to answer your [01:32:13] that's try my attempt to answer your question [01:32:14] question >> and I think a good uh point as well to [01:32:17] >> and I think a good uh point as well to conclude on but definitely a few key [01:32:20] conclude on but definitely a few key things there that I think are are [01:32:21] things there that I think are are relevant for for all of the [01:32:23] relevant for for all of the participants. Firstly thinking about [01:32:26] participants. Firstly thinking about that support for initial projects and [01:32:28] that support for initial projects and I'm sure we'll hear more about the [01:32:30] I'm sure we'll hear more about the experience in terms of the the pilot [01:32:32] experience in terms of the the pilot projects in China but that role of [01:32:34] projects in China but that role of government certainly then that linking [01:32:37] government certainly then that linking of different sectors along the the value [01:32:40] of different sectors along the the value chain so transport storage the the [01:32:43] chain so transport storage the the production itself and um making sure [01:32:45] production itself and um making sure that you can facilitate those or try to [01:32:48] that you can facilitate those or try to foster that alignment I think is [01:32:50] foster that alignment I think is something we've certainly seen uh in [01:32:52] something we've certainly seen uh in other circumstances as well as well the [01:32:55] other circumstances as well as well the long-term signals as you mentioned this [01:32:56] long-term signals as you mentioned this is a a clear commitment from Norway from [01:33:00] is a a clear commitment from Norway from the government to support uh and then [01:33:02] the government to support uh and then finally that point as you noted on [01:33:04] finally that point as you noted on collaboration across countries and and [01:33:06] collaboration across countries and and having spaces such as this today is a [01:33:09] having spaces such as this today is a fruitful example of that and so that [01:33:13] fruitful example of that and so that Wang Jun if I I can actually turn to you [01:33:16] Wang Jun if I I can actually turn to you now thinking um about the perspective of [01:33:20] now thinking um about the perspective of of Chinese industry what what [01:33:22] of Chinese industry what what technologies ies and approaches have [01:33:25] technologies ies and approaches have proven most uh effective when it comes [01:33:28] proven most uh effective when it comes to these these integrated types of [01:33:30] to these these integrated types of approaches to advancing technologies. [01:33:32] approaches to advancing technologies. What has been harder to implement than [01:33:35] What has been harder to implement than anticipated? [01:33:36] anticipated? Um and what has the experience of [01:33:38] Um and what has the experience of deploying uh at scale in some of the [01:33:41] deploying uh at scale in some of the examples that you've already mentioned? [01:33:43] examples that you've already mentioned? What what does that require in practice [01:33:45] What what does that require in practice to deliver positive outcomes? [01:33:50] >> Okay, thank you. Uh for our experience. [01:33:53] >> Okay, thank you. Uh for our experience. I think the key point is the the [01:33:55] I think the key point is the the industrial park in China. So I I' first [01:33:58] industrial park in China. So I I' first of all I'd like to introduce the Chinese [01:34:01] of all I'd like to introduce the Chinese uh policy about the industrial park. Uh [01:34:04] uh policy about the industrial park. Uh recently in recent years China has [01:34:06] recently in recent years China has attached great important to the grain [01:34:09] attached great important to the grain and the lower carbon transformation of [01:34:11] and the lower carbon transformation of industrial parks. So in July 2025, yeah, [01:34:15] industrial parks. So in July 2025, yeah, last year, China has issued a guideline [01:34:19] last year, China has issued a guideline uh document on zerocarbon industrial [01:34:22] uh document on zerocarbon industrial park development which clearly take the [01:34:25] park development which clearly take the park parks as core carriers to promote [01:34:28] park parks as core carriers to promote clean energy, lowcarbon industry [01:34:30] clean energy, lowcarbon industry industries for electrification of energy [01:34:33] industries for electrification of energy use and the secure development laying [01:34:36] use and the secure development laying out a clear path for deep [01:34:38] out a clear path for deep decarbonization in the industrial [01:34:40] decarbonization in the industrial sector. So as a leading company in [01:34:43] sector. So as a leading company in global new energy industry chain uh C [01:34:46] global new energy industry chain uh C has actively actively respond the [01:34:49] has actively actively respond the national policies. So taking the eastern [01:34:52] national policies. So taking the eastern industrial park of AIN which uh we have [01:34:55] industrial park of AIN which uh we have the we are the main supply chain leader [01:34:58] the we are the main supply chain leader in that indust industrial park. We have [01:35:01] in that indust industrial park. We have explored a replaceable pathway featuring [01:35:04] explored a replaceable pathway featuring a chain leader guidance, fourchain [01:35:07] a chain leader guidance, fourchain carbon reduction, full region [01:35:10] carbon reduction, full region electrification and local development [01:35:12] electrification and local development empowerment. [01:35:14] empowerment. First 100% green power supply relying on [01:35:18] First 100% green power supply relying on Suchan's high quality hydropower [01:35:20] Suchan's high quality hydropower resources. The park achieved the 100% [01:35:24] resources. The park achieved the 100% green power for production and [01:35:26] green power for production and operations. At the same time, we have [01:35:28] operations. At the same time, we have developed rooftop PV systems and [01:35:30] developed rooftop PV systems and supporting energy storage power station [01:35:33] supporting energy storage power station and build built an integrated smart [01:35:36] and build built an integrated smart micro grid grid for source grid load [01:35:39] micro grid grid for source grid load storage. This ensures the stable green [01:35:42] storage. This ensures the stable green power supply and the efficient [01:35:44] power supply and the efficient consumption of new energy laying a solid [01:35:47] consumption of new energy laying a solid foundation for zerocarbon energy and the [01:35:50] foundation for zerocarbon energy and the source. [01:35:51] source. Second, electrification. We have promote [01:35:55] Second, electrification. We have promote electrification in two key scenarios. [01:35:58] electrification in two key scenarios. On-site industrial energy use and the [01:36:00] On-site industrial energy use and the logistics in production. We have tried [01:36:03] logistics in production. We have tried our best to replace the fossil fuels [01:36:05] our best to replace the fossil fuels equipment such as diesel or natural gas [01:36:08] equipment such as diesel or natural gas fired facility to electrified facilities [01:36:11] fired facility to electrified facilities facilities. In logistics, internal park [01:36:15] facilities. In logistics, internal park transport, on-site material handling, [01:36:18] transport, on-site material handling, and outbound flight routes have all been [01:36:22] and outbound flight routes have all been switched to electric, electric cab [01:36:24] switched to electric, electric cab trucks, electric fork, lift, and [01:36:27] trucks, electric fork, lift, and autonomous. [01:36:29] autonomous. uh electric delivery vehicles supporting [01:36:33] uh electric delivery vehicles supporting facilities including heavy trucks, [01:36:35] facilities including heavy trucks, battery swap stations and charging [01:36:38] battery swap stations and charging clusters have been built achieving zero [01:36:41] clusters have been built achieving zero fuel and zero emission for parks [01:36:44] fuel and zero emission for parks transportation and forming fully [01:36:46] transportation and forming fully electrified clo for from production to [01:36:49] electrified clo for from production to logistics. [01:36:52] logistics. Second second uh start collaborative [01:36:55] Second second uh start collaborative carbon reduction reduction across the [01:36:57] carbon reduction reduction across the entire industrial chain. We took the [01:37:00] entire industrial chain. We took the lead in building benchmark zerocarbon [01:37:03] lead in building benchmark zerocarbon factories in the battery industry with [01:37:06] factories in the battery industry with carbon neutrality certification [01:37:09] carbon neutrality certification through digital lean production and the [01:37:12] through digital lean production and the high efficiency energy saving process [01:37:14] high efficiency energy saving process upgrades. We have significantly reduced [01:37:17] upgrades. We have significantly reduced carbon emission per unit product [01:37:19] carbon emission per unit product leveraging our roles as a chain leader. [01:37:22] leveraging our roles as a chain leader. We have established the carbon [01:37:24] We have established the carbon management standard standard for the our [01:37:26] management standard standard for the our suppliers. So driving more than 20 [01:37:29] suppliers. So driving more than 20 upstream and downstream supporting [01:37:31] upstream and downstream supporting enterprise [01:37:33] enterprise uh enterprises. This has formed a large [01:37:36] uh enterprises. This has formed a large scale zerocarbon industrial cluster [01:37:39] scale zerocarbon industrial cluster achieving overall collaborative emission [01:37:42] achieving overall collaborative emission reduction rather than isolated single [01:37:44] reduction rather than isolated single point cuts. [01:37:46] point cuts. Fourth building a closed loop circular [01:37:49] Fourth building a closed loop circular system. We have developed a power power [01:37:52] system. We have developed a power power battery recycling and material [01:37:55] battery recycling and material regeneration projects enabling high rate [01:37:57] regeneration projects enabling high rate recover recovery of high value precious [01:38:00] recover recovery of high value precious metals such as nickel, cobalt and [01:38:03] metals such as nickel, cobalt and magnets. A full fi a full life cycle [01:38:06] magnets. A full fi a full life cycle close loop for of production, usage, [01:38:09] close loop for of production, usage, recycling and regeneration has been [01:38:11] recycling and regeneration has been formed which not only reduce the [01:38:14] formed which not only reduce the consumption of primary resources but [01:38:16] consumption of primary resources but also cut carbon emissions across the [01:38:19] also cut carbon emissions across the industrial chain from the source [01:38:21] industrial chain from the source practicing the concept of the secular [01:38:24] practicing the concept of the secular and the low carbon development. [01:38:27] and the low carbon development. Fifth digital and precious carbon [01:38:30] Fifth digital and precious carbon management. Precious carbon management. [01:38:33] management. Precious carbon management. We have established a park level carbon [01:38:36] We have established a park level carbon emission monitoring platform which [01:38:39] emission monitoring platform which enable real time accounting full trace [01:38:41] enable real time accounting full trace quality and dynamic optim optimization [01:38:45] quality and dynamic optim optimization of carbon emission in all link links [01:38:48] of carbon emission in all link links including energy consumption production [01:38:50] including energy consumption production emissions logistics etc. This makes zero [01:38:55] emissions logistics etc. This makes zero carbon management refined and visualized [01:38:57] carbon management refined and visualized in ensuring uh measurable and uh [01:39:00] in ensuring uh measurable and uh verifiable emission reduction results. [01:39:04] verifiable emission reduction results. Through the development of this uh zero [01:39:07] Through the development of this uh zero carbon industrial park, we have achieved [01:39:08] carbon industrial park, we have achieved the trip benefits in carbon reduction, [01:39:11] the trip benefits in carbon reduction, economic growth and employment. First [01:39:15] economic growth and employment. First carbon emission reduction effect effects [01:39:17] carbon emission reduction effect effects are remarkable remarkable. The park's [01:39:20] are remarkable remarkable. The park's overall carbon emission intens in [01:39:22] overall carbon emission intens in intensity is far better than the [01:39:24] intensity is far better than the national zero carbon industrial park [01:39:26] national zero carbon industrial park standard. Second, it drives a high [01:39:29] standard. Second, it drives a high quality local economic development. We [01:39:32] quality local economic development. We have built a 100 billion level powered [01:39:35] have built a 100 billion level powered battery industrial cluster attracting [01:39:38] battery industrial cluster attracting over 200 billion rand in industrial [01:39:41] over 200 billion rand in industrial chain investment helping the ebing city [01:39:43] chain investment helping the ebing city become the battery capital of China. [01:39:46] become the battery capital of China. Third, it creates highquality jobs. It [01:39:50] Third, it creates highquality jobs. It directly employs over 30,000 people and [01:39:54] directly employs over 30,000 people and indirectly indirectly supports more than [01:39:57] indirectly indirectly supports more than 100,000 jobs across the industrial [01:40:00] 100,000 jobs across the industrial chain. [01:40:02] chain. From the from the development of the of [01:40:05] From the from the development of the of this zerocarbon industrial park, I [01:40:07] this zerocarbon industrial park, I believe the following experience are [01:40:09] believe the following experience are worth sharing for the decarbonization at [01:40:11] worth sharing for the decarbonization at the regional or industrial level. First, [01:40:15] the regional or industrial level. First, top level policy design must be combined [01:40:18] top level policy design must be combined with the underground corporate actions. [01:40:21] with the underground corporate actions. For example, 100% green power supply can [01:40:25] For example, 100% green power supply can hardly be achieved by uh single [01:40:28] hardly be achieved by uh single corporate along without the national [01:40:30] corporate along without the national policies and the local government [01:40:32] policies and the local government support. [01:40:34] support. Second, an industrial chain cluster lead [01:40:37] Second, an industrial chain cluster lead by a chain leader enterprise is [01:40:40] by a chain leader enterprise is essential. Taking CO as as an example, [01:40:44] essential. Taking CO as as an example, nearly all the enterprise in eastern [01:40:46] nearly all the enterprise in eastern industrial park of Abing are part of our [01:40:49] industrial park of Abing are part of our supply chain. Driving by our leadership [01:40:52] supply chain. Driving by our leadership leadership, these enterprises have all [01:40:55] leadership, these enterprises have all achieved deeply carbon emission [01:40:57] achieved deeply carbon emission reductions. [01:40:59] reductions. Third, certain advantage in natural [01:41:02] Third, certain advantage in natural resources are necessary. A key reason [01:41:05] resources are necessary. A key reason why the eastern industrial park of AI [01:41:07] why the eastern industrial park of AI can become a zerocarbon industrial park [01:41:10] can become a zerocarbon industrial park is the abundant surrounding hydropower [01:41:13] is the abundant surrounding hydropower resources. Without without sufficient [01:41:16] resources. Without without sufficient zerocarbon electricity nearby, full [01:41:19] zerocarbon electricity nearby, full decarbonization would be extremely [01:41:22] decarbonization would be extremely difficult. So this is this concludes my [01:41:26] difficult. So this is this concludes my sharing. Thank you all. [01:41:28] sharing. Thank you all. >> Thank you. Thank you very much uh [01:41:30] >> Thank you. Thank you very much uh Wangjun for those interesting [01:41:32] Wangjun for those interesting reflections and I think certainly that [01:41:35] reflections and I think certainly that point on enabling conditions at the end [01:41:37] point on enabling conditions at the end and having that that baseline is is a [01:41:40] and having that that baseline is is a valuable takeaway and and from all that [01:41:42] valuable takeaway and and from all that you remarked in terms of ultimately what [01:41:44] you remarked in terms of ultimately what is a a a whole of system approach [01:41:47] is a a a whole of system approach thinking about these different ways to [01:41:48] thinking about these different ways to to foster um the transition and and that [01:41:52] to foster um the transition and and that remark on these um industrial parks not [01:41:56] remark on these um industrial parks not just as as vehicles for decarbonization, [01:41:59] just as as vehicles for decarbonization, but then also creating jobs, creating um [01:42:03] but then also creating jobs, creating um economic growth opportunities, which [01:42:06] economic growth opportunities, which harks back to the remarks from Elina as [01:42:08] harks back to the remarks from Elina as well as well with regards to Namibia's [01:42:10] well as well with regards to Namibia's green industrialization ambitions. [01:42:13] green industrialization ambitions. So, I'm looking at the time as as I [01:42:15] So, I'm looking at the time as as I should really as as moderator and what [01:42:18] should really as as moderator and what uh what we will do is we'll have the [01:42:20] uh what we will do is we'll have the remarks from our two uh further members [01:42:24] remarks from our two uh further members of the panel. And at that point, I'm [01:42:26] of the panel. And at that point, I'm going to turn to you in the audience to [01:42:28] going to turn to you in the audience to see if there are uh any questions and uh [01:42:32] see if there are uh any questions and uh any remarks. And we should still have a [01:42:33] any remarks. And we should still have a good 15 or 20 minutes at that point. And [01:42:36] good 15 or 20 minutes at that point. And then when we finally conclude NA, I [01:42:38] then when we finally conclude NA, I might just ask for a couple of [01:42:40] might just ask for a couple of reflections from you bearing in mind all [01:42:42] reflections from you bearing in mind all all that has been said. And so with [01:42:44] all that has been said. And so with that, I will turn to um NASA online [01:42:48] that, I will turn to um NASA online thinking of these uh systems approaches [01:42:51] thinking of these uh systems approaches as we just remarked. Um but from your [01:42:53] as we just remarked. Um but from your your technical experience and um [01:42:56] your technical experience and um thinking in the context of CCUS [01:42:59] thinking in the context of CCUS um what has its deployment or [01:43:02] um what has its deployment or application in industrial contexts [01:43:05] application in industrial contexts especially in in the Kingdom of Saudi [01:43:07] especially in in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia revealed in terms of its [01:43:10] Arabia revealed in terms of its viability performance and I suppose [01:43:12] viability performance and I suppose particularly any limitations that that [01:43:15] particularly any limitations that that you have encountered and where it should [01:43:17] you have encountered and where it should sit within this broader portfolio of [01:43:19] sit within this broader portfolio of technologies as you mentioned [01:43:21] technologies as you mentioned previously. [01:43:22] previously. um what are the challenges and barriers [01:43:24] um what are the challenges and barriers ultimately that you've encountered and [01:43:26] ultimately that you've encountered and how can countries overcome these? [01:43:31] >> Yeah, thanks thanks for this very good [01:43:34] >> Yeah, thanks thanks for this very good question. I mean yes again just to [01:43:36] question. I mean yes again just to emphasize [01:43:37] emphasize exactly what you just mentioned and my [01:43:39] exactly what you just mentioned and my previous point from our work at Capsark [01:43:42] previous point from our work at Capsark um as a think tank and more broadly from [01:43:44] um as a think tank and more broadly from the experience in Saudi Arabia and the [01:43:46] the experience in Saudi Arabia and the region CCS is increasingly being uh [01:43:49] region CCS is increasingly being uh positioned not as a standalone obviously [01:43:52] positioned not as a standalone obviously solution but as one component within a [01:43:55] solution but as one component within a broader uh portfolio of industrial [01:43:57] broader uh portfolio of industrial decarbonization options alongside energy [01:43:59] decarbonization options alongside energy efficiency as I mentioned earlier clean [01:44:02] efficiency as I mentioned earlier clean energy integration system integration [01:44:04] energy integration system integration hydrogen and CCU carbon capture and [01:44:08] hydrogen and CCU carbon capture and utilization and also emerging removal [01:44:11] utilization and also emerging removal technologies. This is very much aligned [01:44:13] technologies. This is very much aligned with what I mentioned earlier the [01:44:15] with what I mentioned earlier the circular carbon economy which was [01:44:18] circular carbon economy which was adopted um as the way to net zero by the [01:44:21] adopted um as the way to net zero by the kingdom as as part of its G20 presidency [01:44:24] kingdom as as part of its G20 presidency in 2020. [01:44:26] in 2020. Um so there's no dominant solution. I [01:44:29] Um so there's no dominant solution. I mean in terms of viability and [01:44:30] mean in terms of viability and performance of CCS what we see in [01:44:33] performance of CCS what we see in practice is that it performs most [01:44:36] practice is that it performs most effectively in specific context. So in [01:44:39] effectively in specific context. So in particular sectors for example with a [01:44:41] particular sectors for example with a relatively high purity CO2 streams such [01:44:43] relatively high purity CO2 streams such as natural gas processing hydrogen uh [01:44:46] as natural gas processing hydrogen uh production and parts of the prochemical [01:44:49] production and parts of the prochemical sector like for example glycol offer the [01:44:52] sector like for example glycol offer the most immediate and cost effective [01:44:53] most immediate and cost effective opportunities. [01:44:55] opportunities. uh in Saudi Arabia. Uh this is already [01:44:59] uh in Saudi Arabia. Uh this is already reflecting the deployment obviously [01:45:01] reflecting the deployment obviously planning and and phasing of of the of [01:45:05] planning and and phasing of of the of the CCS uh the Jubilee hub basically [01:45:08] the CCS uh the Jubilee hub basically where in phase one um what we call the [01:45:11] where in phase one um what we call the lowhanging fruits there will be [01:45:13] lowhanging fruits there will be obviously a CO2 capture from natural gas [01:45:16] obviously a CO2 capture from natural gas processing uh from hydrogen plants uh to [01:45:20] processing uh from hydrogen plants uh to achieve 9 million tons by 2028. [01:45:24] achieve 9 million tons by 2028. And then there's a phase two and phase [01:45:26] And then there's a phase two and phase three where then other plants will come [01:45:28] three where then other plants will come online for example the uh power plants [01:45:32] online for example the uh power plants cement um and and other type of chem [01:45:35] cement um and and other type of chem petrochemical plants with lower [01:45:36] petrochemical plants with lower concentrations to achie to achieve 44 [01:45:38] concentrations to achie to achieve 44 million ton uh per year by capacity by [01:45:44] million ton uh per year by capacity by 2035. [01:45:46] 2035. Um I mean actually currently CO2 is [01:45:49] Um I mean actually currently CO2 is being captured or CCS is being deployed [01:45:51] being captured or CCS is being deployed in the kingdom as part of the Amania [01:45:53] in the kingdom as part of the Amania project or 800,000 tons of CO2 captured [01:45:57] project or 800,000 tons of CO2 captured and from natural gas processing and also [01:46:00] and from natural gas processing and also the.5 million ton Sabic Jubel plant uh [01:46:05] the.5 million ton Sabic Jubel plant uh where the CO2 will be used for methanol. [01:46:08] where the CO2 will be used for methanol. So these are basically uh some examples [01:46:10] So these are basically uh some examples current examples but again really there [01:46:13] current examples but again really there are specific situations where CCS can be [01:46:15] are specific situations where CCS can be can be applied easily. At the same time [01:46:18] can be applied easily. At the same time experience also shows that CCS is not [01:46:21] experience also shows that CCS is not uniformly applicable across all [01:46:24] uniformly applicable across all different industries and more dilute or [01:46:26] different industries and more dilute or complex emission streams such as the [01:46:28] complex emission streams such as the cement sector or steel sector um you [01:46:31] cement sector or steel sector um you know the technical and operational [01:46:33] know the technical and operational challenges become more much more [01:46:34] challenges become more much more significant and the cost much higher. [01:46:36] significant and the cost much higher. The one key lesson is that CCS [01:46:39] The one key lesson is that CCS deployment needs to be carefully [01:46:41] deployment needs to be carefully prioritized um focusing first on certain [01:46:44] prioritized um focusing first on certain applications where it can deliver the [01:46:46] applications where it can deliver the greatest impact and lowest costs. [01:46:48] greatest impact and lowest costs. Hydrogen itself is also a critical [01:46:50] Hydrogen itself is also a critical enabler in this wider system. In fact, [01:46:54] enabler in this wider system. In fact, both blue and green hydrogen are being [01:46:56] both blue and green hydrogen are being actively uh considered for development [01:46:59] actively uh considered for development in the kingdom. uh and this reinforces [01:47:02] in the kingdom. uh and this reinforces the broader point about the transition [01:47:04] the broader point about the transition is not about just one technology. In [01:47:06] is not about just one technology. In parallel, there is increasing attention [01:47:08] parallel, there is increasing attention to uh obviously to complimentary [01:47:10] to uh obviously to complimentary approaches uh beyond uh just traditional [01:47:14] approaches uh beyond uh just traditional CCUs. [01:47:16] CCUs. For example, we are um we we have been [01:47:18] For example, we are um we we have been at Capsark evaluating uh for example the [01:47:20] at Capsark evaluating uh for example the use of energy from waste with CCS with [01:47:23] use of energy from waste with CCS with heat recovery like in incineration [01:47:25] heat recovery like in incineration plants but also biogas and biomeane [01:47:28] plants but also biogas and biomeane production. um and also the potential to [01:47:31] production. um and also the potential to generate fuels from uh from waste via [01:47:34] generate fuels from uh from waste via gasification. There has been a lot of [01:47:36] gasification. There has been a lot of work going on in the eastern province in [01:47:37] work going on in the eastern province in Saudi Arabia. And as I said earlier, [01:47:39] Saudi Arabia. And as I said earlier, there is also growing interest in in [01:47:42] there is also growing interest in in carbon removal technologies. For [01:47:43] carbon removal technologies. For example, the pilot between Aramco and [01:47:46] example, the pilot between Aramco and Seammens to to pilot basically new [01:47:50] Seammens to to pilot basically new innovative uh direct air capture [01:47:52] innovative uh direct air capture technologies. [01:47:54] technologies. So in terms of the limitations back to [01:47:56] So in terms of the limitations back to your question [01:47:58] your question um you know um one of the main [01:48:00] um you know um one of the main constraints really for for CCS [01:48:03] constraints really for for CCS um is really the enabling infrastructure [01:48:05] um is really the enabling infrastructure I think was mentioned by Stig earlier um [01:48:08] I think was mentioned by Stig earlier um you know the the alluded to that point [01:48:12] you know the the alluded to that point uh I mean capture on its own is not [01:48:14] uh I mean capture on its own is not sufficient obviously you need projects [01:48:16] sufficient obviously you need projects require access to reliable seafood [01:48:18] require access to reliable seafood transport and storage networks uh for [01:48:20] transport and storage networks uh for the 44 million ton uh and the kingdoms [01:48:23] the 44 million ton uh and the kingdoms Saudi Arabia by 2035. [01:48:25] Saudi Arabia by 2035. Uh obviously we need we need the [01:48:27] Uh obviously we need we need the infrastructure to develop that. It's an [01:48:29] infrastructure to develop that. It's an integrated infrastructure. Um and this [01:48:32] integrated infrastructure. Um and this is actually under underway under [01:48:33] is actually under underway under development. Um [01:48:36] development. Um and in practice this this highlighted [01:48:38] and in practice this this highlighted the importance of developing shared [01:48:40] the importance of developing shared infrastructure and cluster based [01:48:41] infrastructure and cluster based approaches which is really the way [01:48:42] approaches which is really the way forward in the kingdom uh where multiple [01:48:45] forward in the kingdom uh where multiple industrial facilities can connect to a [01:48:47] industrial facilities can connect to a common transport and storage system. [01:48:51] common transport and storage system. Um and uh and and this approach [01:48:55] Um and uh and and this approach obviously this shared infrastructure [01:48:56] obviously this shared infrastructure significantly improves both the [01:48:58] significantly improves both the economics and scalability of CCS. Uh in [01:49:01] economics and scalability of CCS. Uh in the Saudi context there is also [01:49:03] the Saudi context there is also significant uh storage potential [01:49:06] significant uh storage potential u I mean studies from caus have already [01:49:09] u I mean studies from caus have already evaluated the available saline aquifers [01:49:12] evaluated the available saline aquifers in the kingdom as well as depleted oil [01:49:13] in the kingdom as well as depleted oil and gas fields where CCS can be can be [01:49:16] and gas fields where CCS can be can be used and and [01:49:19] used and and 450 gigatons. This is the equivalent to [01:49:21] 450 gigatons. This is the equivalent to 1,000 years of CO2 storage in the [01:49:23] 1,000 years of CO2 storage in the kingdom in terms of current uh emissions [01:49:26] kingdom in terms of current uh emissions from industry. Uh so this is a [01:49:28] from industry. Uh so this is a significant capacity. Uh what are the [01:49:31] significant capacity. Uh what are the other challenges? uh in addition to [01:49:32] other challenges? uh in addition to costs and financing obviously regulation [01:49:35] costs and financing obviously regulation is really is the most prominent uh an [01:49:38] is really is the most prominent uh an important challenge which is currently [01:49:40] important challenge which is currently being addressed in the kingdom is for [01:49:43] being addressed in the kingdom is for example uh the long-term liability and [01:49:46] example uh the long-term liability and regulatory clarity in terms of the CO2 [01:49:49] regulatory clarity in terms of the CO2 stored in the ground uh you know what [01:49:51] stored in the ground uh you know what what happens to that CO2 and uh the [01:49:54] what happens to that CO2 and uh the responsibility postclosure for example [01:49:56] responsibility postclosure for example of the mistake storage site questions [01:49:59] of the mistake storage site questions around ownership for example monitoring [01:50:01] around ownership for example monitoring ing you know MRB and certification of [01:50:04] ing you know MRB and certification of the store CO2 [01:50:06] the store CO2 um um you know are also questions which [01:50:09] um um you know are also questions which need to be addressed which are being [01:50:10] need to be addressed which are being addressed at the moment to facilitate [01:50:12] addressed at the moment to facilitate that target of 44 million t by 2035 [01:50:16] that target of 44 million t by 2035 and we also see I mean again at capsark [01:50:19] and we also see I mean again at capsark that actually market related challenges [01:50:21] that actually market related challenges particularly uh for CO2 utilization [01:50:24] particularly uh for CO2 utilization pathways is a key challenge um you know [01:50:27] pathways is a key challenge um you know Saudi Arabia is establishing also not [01:50:29] Saudi Arabia is establishing also not just a CCS hub in Jubel the eastern side [01:50:31] just a CCS hub in Jubel the eastern side but also a CCU hub uh on the western [01:50:34] but also a CCU hub uh on the western side. Um you know um while there is [01:50:38] side. Um you know um while there is growing activity in terms of CO2 [01:50:40] growing activity in terms of CO2 utilization in methanol and ura [01:50:42] utilization in methanol and ura production um you know as well as in [01:50:44] production um you know as well as in emerging areas for example in dalination [01:50:47] emerging areas for example in dalination brine CO2 storage and desalination brine [01:50:49] brine CO2 storage and desalination brine or in utilization in for example for [01:50:52] or in utilization in for example for alkaline industrial wastes this is [01:50:54] alkaline industrial wastes this is something which being considered like [01:50:56] something which being considered like steel slag and cement dust which which [01:50:58] steel slag and cement dust which which are alkaline materials they could be [01:51:00] are alkaline materials they could be sinks for CO2 all of these are being [01:51:02] sinks for CO2 all of these are being considered and evaluated but the key [01:51:04] considered and evaluated but the key challenge remains [01:51:05] challenge remains uh you know demand remains uncertain. So [01:51:08] uh you know demand remains uncertain. So this is a a very key aspect I think [01:51:10] this is a a very key aspect I think which was mentioned earlier also during [01:51:12] which was mentioned earlier also during the opening session in terms of how [01:51:15] the opening session in terms of how these challenges are being addressed in [01:51:17] these challenges are being addressed in practice uh several approaches are [01:51:19] practice uh several approaches are emerging you know strong policy [01:51:20] emerging you know strong policy frameworks and long-term uh strategies [01:51:23] frameworks and long-term uh strategies are are essential being developed and [01:51:25] are are essential being developed and the econ context I mentioned the [01:51:27] the econ context I mentioned the circular carbon economy is an [01:51:28] circular carbon economy is an uncompassing obviously framework um an [01:51:32] uncompassing obviously framework um an overarching structure to help us achieve [01:51:34] overarching structure to help us achieve uh these targets and second cluster [01:51:37] uh these targets and second cluster development and infrastruure ructure [01:51:38] development and infrastruure ructure which I also me mentioned I alluded to [01:51:41] which I also me mentioned I alluded to uh what else I mean um I mean there is [01:51:44] uh what else I mean um I mean there is increasing emphasis uh in terms of phase [01:51:46] increasing emphasis uh in terms of phase deployment like you know with with the [01:51:48] deployment like you know with with the 44 million ton there's a phase one phase [01:51:50] 44 million ton there's a phase one phase two and phase three of that deployment [01:51:52] two and phase three of that deployment from now to 20 2035 [01:51:56] from now to 20 2035 um and also the con another another [01:51:58] um and also the con another another aspect is the concept of clean energy [01:52:00] aspect is the concept of clean energy economy zones is something being [01:52:02] economy zones is something being considered widely within the kingdom uh [01:52:04] considered widely within the kingdom uh for the coming decades and how for [01:52:06] for the coming decades and how for example you can decarbonate You can have [01:52:08] example you can decarbonate You can have anchor products like green steel or [01:52:10] anchor products like green steel or green cement or or a decarbonized [01:52:13] green cement or or a decarbonized petrochemical sector which then [01:52:15] petrochemical sector which then connected to decarbonized energy you [01:52:18] connected to decarbonized energy you know supply renewables or or uh power [01:52:23] know supply renewables or or uh power with CCS CCG with CCS there's also [01:52:26] with CCS CCG with CCS there's also growing focus on process integration for [01:52:28] growing focus on process integration for example uh understanding that basically [01:52:32] example uh understanding that basically uh you know uh [01:52:34] uh you know uh um you know operating plant as combined [01:52:38] um you know operating plant as combined heat and power for generation plants [01:52:39] heat and power for generation plants because there is big potential for [01:52:41] because there is big potential for exactly for for example not only cover [01:52:43] exactly for for example not only cover recovering waste heat from uh the power [01:52:46] recovering waste heat from uh the power plant itself but also from the capture [01:52:49] plant itself but also from the capture plant that's very important concept [01:52:51] plant that's very important concept which has been obviously I think [01:52:53] which has been obviously I think addressed in like a Norway and [01:52:55] addressed in like a Norway and Scandinavian countries were actually [01:52:57] Scandinavian countries were actually optim like the Stockholm XG plant for [01:52:59] optim like the Stockholm XG plant for example where actually you can actually [01:53:01] example where actually you can actually maximize and optimize the system by [01:53:03] maximize and optimize the system by actually recovering waste heat from both [01:53:06] actually recovering waste heat from both the the the [01:53:08] the the the the power plant as well as the capture [01:53:11] the power plant as well as the capture plant. Obviously in one case in in the [01:53:13] plant. Obviously in one case in in the cases of European cases it's used it for [01:53:16] cases of European cases it's used it for district heating but how where can it be [01:53:18] district heating but how where can it be used in the kingdom it can be used for [01:53:20] used in the kingdom it can be used for example for uh you know for direct air [01:53:22] example for uh you know for direct air capture. So this is a concept which caps [01:53:24] capture. So this is a concept which caps is looking at like you know you actually [01:53:26] is looking at like you know you actually uh you can combine direct air capture [01:53:28] uh you can combine direct air capture systems operating on waste heat from [01:53:31] systems operating on waste heat from recovered from from industrial plants. [01:53:35] recovered from from industrial plants. And finally there is a strong [01:53:36] And finally there is a strong recognition of obviously uh the system [01:53:38] recognition of obviously uh the system integration. I mentioned obviously [01:53:41] integration. I mentioned obviously energy efficiency uh the kingdom has you [01:53:44] energy efficiency uh the kingdom has you know industrial plants in the kingdom [01:53:45] know industrial plants in the kingdom has very high efficiency [01:53:47] has very high efficiency uh but also there is still scope to to [01:53:49] uh but also there is still scope to to to improve that. Um but overall uh what [01:53:53] to improve that. Um but overall uh what the experience suggests is that CCS can [01:53:55] the experience suggests is that CCS can play a technical uh very critical role [01:53:58] play a technical uh very critical role uh but only when deployed as part of an [01:54:00] uh but only when deployed as part of an inte you know an integrated system [01:54:02] inte you know an integrated system supported by infrastructure policy [01:54:04] supported by infrastructure policy regulation and market development and [01:54:06] regulation and market development and perhaps the key the key takeaway is that [01:54:10] perhaps the key the key takeaway is that the challenge is not just about making [01:54:13] the challenge is not just about making the technology work the technologies I [01:54:16] the technology work the technologies I mean CCS technology works but about [01:54:19] mean CCS technology works but about creating the conditions that allow it [01:54:20] creating the conditions that allow it basically to to scale in practice. Uh [01:54:24] basically to to scale in practice. Uh yes, as said in the opening session, [01:54:26] yes, as said in the opening session, there is a great uh need for global [01:54:28] there is a great uh need for global collaboration and knowledge sharing [01:54:30] collaboration and knowledge sharing dissemination [01:54:32] dissemination uh where strengths are identified in in [01:54:35] uh where strengths are identified in in in one country can be shared and [01:54:37] in one country can be shared and obviously to to facilitate the [01:54:40] obviously to to facilitate the deployment of of CCS in in other [01:54:43] deployment of of CCS in in other countries. Thank you. [01:54:45] countries. Thank you. Thank thank you Nessa and I think I [01:54:47] Thank thank you Nessa and I think I won't dwell in in the interest of time [01:54:49] won't dwell in in the interest of time but plenty of um food for thought food [01:54:52] but plenty of um food for thought food for thought there for the breakout [01:54:53] for thought there for the breakout sessions this afternoon regarding that [01:54:56] sessions this afternoon regarding that um uh support structure around this [01:54:58] um uh support structure around this functioning technology. Uh and with that [01:55:01] functioning technology. Uh and with that let me turn to our final uh pan panelist [01:55:06] let me turn to our final uh pan panelist excuse me Edelin for uh your remarks and [01:55:09] excuse me Edelin for uh your remarks and then we'll turn to the floor. Edelin [01:55:11] then we'll turn to the floor. Edelin over to you. Uh thank you. Uh well I I I [01:55:16] over to you. Uh thank you. Uh well I I I recognize that a lot of of my my [01:55:20] recognize that a lot of of my my colleagues here talk about uh industrial [01:55:22] colleagues here talk about uh industrial partnership and I would say that that's [01:55:24] partnership and I would say that that's really something that we see as a as a [01:55:26] really something that we see as a as a key um in Stegra was was founded uh [01:55:29] key um in Stegra was was founded uh roughly five years ago uh and and by [01:55:32] roughly five years ago uh and and by then with an interest from customers [01:55:35] then with an interest from customers looking for green steel. [01:55:37] looking for green steel. Uh then we have the investors uh some of [01:55:40] Uh then we have the investors uh some of those were the same as customers. um but [01:55:43] those were the same as customers. um but of course other um interested parties [01:55:46] of course other um interested parties that wanted to invest into [01:55:49] that wanted to invest into into green transition and into green [01:55:51] into green transition and into green steel and of course the people and and [01:55:52] steel and of course the people and and and as was said just prior here that [01:55:56] and as was said just prior here that that the technology is already there. uh [01:55:59] that the technology is already there. uh it was not maybe in Sweden at the moment [01:56:02] it was not maybe in Sweden at the moment and the knowhow of people who had built [01:56:04] and the knowhow of people who had built the mini mills for instance was maybe [01:56:06] the mini mills for instance was maybe not in Sweden at the at the point when [01:56:09] not in Sweden at the at the point when we uh when we founded the company but [01:56:11] we uh when we founded the company but now we have people from over 55 [01:56:13] now we have people from over 55 different countries that has moved to [01:56:15] different countries that has moved to Sweden uh to build this who come with [01:56:18] Sweden uh to build this who come with their key experiences uh from all over [01:56:21] their key experiences uh from all over the globe um in terms of of both [01:56:23] the globe um in terms of of both construction and of course operations [01:56:26] construction and of course operations um and something that I'm also So [01:56:29] um and something that I'm also So extremely proud of is the u the the [01:56:32] extremely proud of is the u the the enormous effort we have put into also [01:56:35] enormous effort we have put into also not only sustainability from a a green [01:56:38] not only sustainability from a a green steel, green hydrogen and green iron [01:56:40] steel, green hydrogen and green iron point of view but also from a [01:56:42] point of view but also from a sustainable society point of view. um [01:56:45] sustainable society point of view. um this type of of investment. This is an [01:56:48] this type of of investment. This is an investment of of roughly 8 billion euros [01:56:51] investment of of roughly 8 billion euros uh ending up in a rather small [01:56:54] uh ending up in a rather small municipality in the northern part of [01:56:55] municipality in the northern part of Sweden where it is roughly 28,000 people [01:56:59] Sweden where it is roughly 28,000 people living in that municipality uh and that [01:57:02] living in that municipality uh and that will likely expand with a couple of [01:57:03] will likely expand with a couple of thousand in in quite a short time. This [01:57:06] thousand in in quite a short time. This means that not only industrial [01:57:08] means that not only industrial collaboration will will be needed but [01:57:10] collaboration will will be needed but also collaboration over [01:57:13] also collaboration over uh um well with the municipality with [01:57:16] uh um well with the municipality with the region uh with other companies both [01:57:19] the region uh with other companies both locally national uh that want to build [01:57:21] locally national uh that want to build houses for instance and and to make sure [01:57:24] houses for instance and and to make sure that that people are engaged in the [01:57:26] that that people are engaged in the community and that they feel that they [01:57:28] community and that they feel that they are part of this. Uh it was also [01:57:31] are part of this. Uh it was also mentioned um we have a close [01:57:33] mentioned um we have a close collaboration also with the with the [01:57:35] collaboration also with the with the closest Sami village um which is also of [01:57:38] closest Sami village um which is also of course an important part of of social [01:57:41] course an important part of of social sustainability and and to to uh to have [01:57:44] sustainability and and to to uh to have um well discussions with them as well. [01:57:47] um well discussions with them as well. Um we have actually built a a lookout [01:57:50] Um we have actually built a a lookout tower close to site. So people both [01:57:52] tower close to site. So people both locally but we also have a lot of guests [01:57:55] locally but we also have a lot of guests from both national and international [01:57:57] from both national and international coming to boat and to look at this uh um [01:58:00] coming to boat and to look at this uh um well the the enormous um construction [01:58:03] well the the enormous um construction project that we're in the middle of [01:58:05] project that we're in the middle of right now. So you can actually see this [01:58:07] right now. So you can actually see this and and uh and you can get some [01:58:10] and and uh and you can get some information firsthand by just looking [01:58:12] information firsthand by just looking out um over the it's roughly 300 [01:58:15] out um over the it's roughly 300 hectares of of land. Um so so I think [01:58:18] hectares of of land. Um so so I think that just with the industrial [01:58:20] that just with the industrial partnership extremely uh extremely [01:58:22] partnership extremely uh extremely important and and as was mentioned from [01:58:24] important and and as was mentioned from from Norway also I mean we have a [01:58:25] from Norway also I mean we have a similar situation with a lot of [01:58:27] similar situation with a lot of hydrogen. So all the electricity that we [01:58:29] hydrogen. So all the electricity that we will use will be renewable [01:58:32] will use will be renewable uh primarily uh hydrogen [01:58:34] uh primarily uh hydrogen hydropower but also of course wind [01:58:37] hydropower but also of course wind power. Um so um and we're another thing [01:58:42] power. Um so um and we're another thing that's quite I would say that that's [01:58:44] that's quite I would say that that's actually the first one in at least in [01:58:46] actually the first one in at least in Sweden that we will have a serial liquid [01:58:48] Sweden that we will have a serial liquid discharge system which might be more [01:58:51] discharge system which might be more familiar for you Elenia. I think it's [01:58:53] familiar for you Elenia. I think it's more more common in in in some of the [01:58:56] more more common in in in some of the African countries that where there is um [01:59:00] African countries that where there is um maybe lesser amounts of water available. [01:59:03] maybe lesser amounts of water available. So that is also something that I'm [01:59:04] So that is also something that I'm extremely proud of that we actually uh [01:59:07] extremely proud of that we actually uh have used. So it it made our uh [01:59:10] have used. So it it made our uh environmental permitting process much [01:59:12] environmental permitting process much much easier when when we could say that [01:59:14] much easier when when we could say that we will not let out any any processed [01:59:17] we will not let out any any processed water. It will just be uh reused over [01:59:20] water. It will just be uh reused over and over again. Um [01:59:23] and over again. Um um yeah and and of course also um yeah I [01:59:27] um yeah and and of course also um yeah I would say collaboration is key. This [01:59:29] would say collaboration is key. This this project would not have been been [01:59:31] this project would not have been been possible to perform without [01:59:33] possible to perform without collaboration both over industries but [01:59:35] collaboration both over industries but but of course also with with the [01:59:37] but of course also with with the communities. Um I I think it's it's very [01:59:41] communities. Um I I think it's it's very interesting also to hear when we're [01:59:43] interesting also to hear when we're talking about I mean circularity in [01:59:45] talking about I mean circularity in general. [01:59:47] general. Of course we are also looking into I [01:59:49] Of course we are also looking into I mean we will have enormous amounts of [01:59:50] mean we will have enormous amounts of slag in the future and and what can be [01:59:53] slag in the future and and what can be done. Uh cement industry is is one uh [01:59:57] done. Uh cement industry is is one uh area that we that we can that it might [02:00:00] area that we that we can that it might be able to be used with. So we are [02:00:02] be able to be used with. So we are working both with with the partners [02:00:05] working both with with the partners outside of of the steel industry to have [02:00:08] outside of of the steel industry to have a look at what can be done with the [02:00:09] a look at what can be done with the byproducts and that also goes of course [02:00:12] byproducts and that also goes of course with district heating um where we can [02:00:15] with district heating um where we can collaborate both with the local energy [02:00:17] collaborate both with the local energy companies but but um it's also a matter [02:00:19] companies but but um it's also a matter of making uh I mean this is roughly it's [02:00:23] of making uh I mean this is roughly it's less than one hour south of the Arctic [02:00:25] less than one hour south of the Arctic Circle with with by car. So um we we are [02:00:29] Circle with with by car. So um we we are also uh we have had um a lot of [02:00:31] also uh we have had um a lot of interesting meetings with with other [02:00:33] interesting meetings with with other companies that would like to have uh [02:00:35] companies that would like to have uh greenhouse uh green houses large scale [02:00:38] greenhouse uh green houses large scale green houses to uh uh that they can [02:00:40] green houses to uh uh that they can where they can use some of the district [02:00:42] where they can use some of the district heating that we will produce. So, so I [02:00:44] heating that we will produce. So, so I think that to broader um to broader the [02:00:47] think that to broader um to broader the view uh has been really really crucial [02:00:50] view uh has been really really crucial for us but still maintain that stag I [02:00:54] for us but still maintain that stag I mean we we're building the three [02:00:55] mean we we're building the three platforms we will have the green [02:00:57] platforms we will have the green hydrogen we will have the green iron and [02:00:59] hydrogen we will have the green iron and we will have the the green steel um and [02:01:03] we will have the the green steel um and in the in the same time that we're that [02:01:05] in the in the same time that we're that we're constructing that and building [02:01:07] we're constructing that and building that we're also constructing a digital [02:01:09] that we're also constructing a digital factory which is um extremely important [02:01:12] factory which is um extremely important for us as well. So we will be able to [02:01:14] for us as well. So we will be able to follow up on on more things than what [02:01:17] follow up on on more things than what you have been able maybe to do in in um [02:01:20] you have been able maybe to do in in um in a traditional steel plant when we [02:01:22] in a traditional steel plant when we have the ability to build this from from [02:01:24] have the ability to build this from from scratch. Um yeah so I think that's u [02:01:28] scratch. Um yeah so I think that's u that's my concluding remarks [02:01:30] that's my concluding remarks collaboration uh [02:01:33] collaboration uh >> thank you yes I think certainly a key [02:01:35] >> thank you yes I think certainly a key point there either and I'm glad you [02:01:37] point there either and I'm glad you mentioned as well the social [02:01:39] mentioned as well the social sustainability and um biodiversity to an [02:01:42] sustainability and um biodiversity to an extent angle on this um which Elina [02:01:45] extent angle on this um which Elina mentioned as well with the work in [02:01:46] mentioned as well with the work in Namibia on the uh social and [02:01:48] Namibia on the uh social and environmental uh strategic assessments. [02:01:51] environmental uh strategic assessments. Let me stop there then and uh go to if [02:01:54] Let me stop there then and uh go to if we have any questions in the room before [02:01:57] we have any questions in the room before before I conclude. I see a a hand from [02:02:00] before I conclude. I see a a hand from the Dominican Republic if it is uh [02:02:03] the Dominican Republic if it is uh possible to have a microphone passed to [02:02:06] possible to have a microphone passed to the colleague. Oh, excuse me. There's a [02:02:09] the colleague. Oh, excuse me. There's a a stand for intervention. [02:02:20] Thank you for the opportunity to speak. [02:02:22] Thank you for the opportunity to speak. The Dominican Republic would like to [02:02:24] The Dominican Republic would like to express a sincere appreciation to the [02:02:26] express a sincere appreciation to the organizers for this climate week here in [02:02:29] organizers for this climate week here in Joshua and the Republic of Korea for [02:02:31] Joshua and the Republic of Korea for hosting us. Thank you as well for the [02:02:34] hosting us. Thank you as well for the panelists for your insightful [02:02:35] panelists for your insightful intervention. From the perspective of [02:02:38] intervention. From the perspective of the Dominican Republic, emissions from [02:02:40] the Dominican Republic, emissions from IBPU sector represents 10.5% [02:02:43] IBPU sector represents 10.5% of national GHG emissions which is [02:02:46] of national GHG emissions which is around 5,000 kiloton CO2 equivalent and [02:02:50] around 5,000 kiloton CO2 equivalent and almost 2,000 uh kiloton CO2 equivalent [02:02:53] almost 2,000 uh kiloton CO2 equivalent comes from cement industry and this [02:02:56] comes from cement industry and this highlights the critical importance for [02:02:58] highlights the critical importance for addressing emissions for clinker [02:03:00] addressing emissions for clinker production. In the light of the [02:03:03] production. In the light of the solutions presented by Unido, including [02:03:05] solutions presented by Unido, including limestone calcinated clay cement, could [02:03:08] limestone calcinated clay cement, could you please share examples from [02:03:10] you please share examples from developing countries where clinker [02:03:12] developing countries where clinker substitution or similar lowcarbon [02:03:14] substitution or similar lowcarbon technologies have been successfully [02:03:16] technologies have been successfully deployed at scale? And for us, it will [02:03:18] deployed at scale? And for us, it will be very interesting from you to listen [02:03:20] be very interesting from you to listen examples in the Latin America and the [02:03:22] examples in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. The second questions, [02:03:26] Caribbean region. The second questions, the second question is are there [02:03:27] the second question is are there examples where international cooperation [02:03:30] examples where international cooperation has supported early stage deployment of [02:03:32] has supported early stage deployment of these technologies in a cooperative way [02:03:35] these technologies in a cooperative way with both public and private sectors [02:03:38] with both public and private sectors articulated [02:03:39] articulated which means for us it will be [02:03:41] which means for us it will be interesting to know if agencies like [02:03:42] interesting to know if agencies like GAC, FIAP or any other agencies could [02:03:46] GAC, FIAP or any other agencies could actually uh cooperate with the Dominican [02:03:49] actually uh cooperate with the Dominican Republic or it has already done with [02:03:51] Republic or it has already done with other regions. And the last question is [02:03:54] other regions. And the last question is which financial mechanism approach do [02:03:56] which financial mechanism approach do you suggest developing economists should [02:03:59] you suggest developing economists should go forward to start right away [02:04:01] go forward to start right away implementing these technologies [02:04:02] implementing these technologies presented here. Thank you so much. [02:04:06] presented here. Thank you so much. >> Thank you very much to the delegate from [02:04:09] >> Thank you very much to the delegate from Dominican Republic. Let me turn Noa I [02:04:12] Dominican Republic. Let me turn Noa I think to you for reflections on those [02:04:14] think to you for reflections on those points. [02:04:16] points. Thank you so much and it's actually a [02:04:18] Thank you so much and it's actually a very good question and a very good way [02:04:21] very good question and a very good way to um what I wanted to add to my [02:04:24] to um what I wanted to add to my presentation is that these building [02:04:26] presentation is that these building blocks of decarbonization [02:04:29] blocks of decarbonization the next step for the country what we [02:04:31] the next step for the country what we recommend is [02:04:33] recommend is sorry it's actually developing road [02:04:36] sorry it's actually developing road sector specific road maps to understand [02:04:38] sector specific road maps to understand which technology levers would make most [02:04:41] which technology levers would make most sense for the sectors that you have in [02:04:43] sense for the sectors that you have in play and for the your country context. [02:04:47] play and for the your country context. So specifically for cement sector [02:04:49] So specifically for cement sector decarbonization, this is where we would [02:04:51] decarbonization, this is where we would start always always start with the road [02:04:53] start always always start with the road map development for cement sector [02:04:55] map development for cement sector decarbonization in the context of [02:04:57] decarbonization in the context of Dominican Republic. Having said that, we [02:04:59] Dominican Republic. Having said that, we more or less know those big levers of [02:05:02] more or less know those big levers of decarbonization for the cement sector. [02:05:04] decarbonization for the cement sector. This is what we call SCEM, supplementary [02:05:07] This is what we call SCEM, supplementary cement materials and then calcinated [02:05:10] cement materials and then calcinated clay is one of those materials that can [02:05:12] clay is one of those materials that can reduce the clinical content. It's a [02:05:14] reduce the clinical content. It's a technology as I said it's uh could [02:05:17] technology as I said it's uh could applicable in basically in all countries [02:05:19] applicable in basically in all countries and has a great potential for reducing [02:05:22] and has a great potential for reducing CO2 emissions. Another lever for [02:05:24] CO2 emissions. Another lever for decarbonizing cement sector emissions is [02:05:26] decarbonizing cement sector emissions is alternative fuels or co-processing [02:05:29] alternative fuels or co-processing utilizing waste in this. [02:05:33] utilizing waste in this. Um another another lever would be the [02:05:35] Um another another lever would be the CCS uh targeting the residual [02:05:37] CCS uh targeting the residual unavoidable emissions but that requires [02:05:40] unavoidable emissions but that requires long-term planning careful actually [02:05:43] long-term planning careful actually planning maybe more active um engagement [02:05:46] planning maybe more active um engagement from the government side recognizing [02:05:48] from the government side recognizing that this is a very complex technology [02:05:50] that this is a very complex technology that has a lot of actors engaged and [02:05:53] that has a lot of actors engaged and taking this opportunity actually would [02:05:55] taking this opportunity actually would like to invite you to um regional [02:05:58] like to invite you to um regional dialogue that we will be hosting in [02:05:59] dialogue that we will be hosting in Latin America on lowcarbon cement. It [02:06:01] Latin America on lowcarbon cement. It will be taking place in Santiago, Chile [02:06:04] will be taking place in Santiago, Chile where we will spend basically three days [02:06:06] where we will spend basically three days only looking how to decarbonize cement [02:06:08] only looking how to decarbonize cement sector in Latin American Caribbean [02:06:10] sector in Latin American Caribbean region by looking at the various uh [02:06:12] region by looking at the various uh initi [02:06:14] initi also looking from the technology policy [02:06:16] also looking from the technology policy and finance options that are available [02:06:18] and finance options that are available there. Thank you. [02:06:21] there. Thank you. >> Thank you very much Noah. I think uh the [02:06:24] >> Thank you very much Noah. I think uh the microphone's starting to cut out a [02:06:26] microphone's starting to cut out a little bit as a reminder that this is [02:06:28] little bit as a reminder that this is almost the end of the the session and uh [02:06:30] almost the end of the the session and uh a time for us to conclude. We we do have [02:06:33] a time for us to conclude. We we do have two minutes left in case anyone wants to [02:06:36] two minutes left in case anyone wants to to put a question to the floor and then [02:06:39] to put a question to the floor and then we won't have time necessarily to [02:06:41] we won't have time necessarily to address it, but I'm sure that the [02:06:42] address it, but I'm sure that the colleagues uh that are here with us in [02:06:44] colleagues uh that are here with us in person would be able to uh address. [02:06:49] person would be able to uh address. I see no um I see no hands in the room. [02:06:52] I see no um I see no hands in the room. So I'm going to take that as a as an [02:06:55] So I'm going to take that as a as an opportunity then just to conclude with [02:06:57] opportunity then just to conclude with with one minute remaining. So I think we [02:07:00] with one minute remaining. So I think we next turn we have a break for about 20 [02:07:02] next turn we have a break for about 20 minutes before coming back into the [02:07:04] minutes before coming back into the room. Just to first of all of course [02:07:07] room. Just to first of all of course thank the panelists as well as Noat for [02:07:11] thank the panelists as well as Noat for the presentation for their engagement on [02:07:14] the presentation for their engagement on this subject. Um, I think this is a a [02:07:17] this subject. Um, I think this is a a quite exciting moment if if I can use [02:07:20] quite exciting moment if if I can use that word with regards to the topic of [02:07:22] that word with regards to the topic of industrial decarbonization and this [02:07:24] industrial decarbonization and this broader ambition of green [02:07:26] broader ambition of green industrialization. We're seeing a lot of [02:07:28] industrialization. We're seeing a lot of leadership not just through the um the [02:07:32] leadership not just through the um the the deliberations taking place within [02:07:33] the deliberations taking place within the UNFC but also certainly the the [02:07:36] the UNFC but also certainly the the leadership of uh Australia, Tokia and [02:07:39] leadership of uh Australia, Tokia and Brazil uh who who've done a lot of work [02:07:41] Brazil uh who who've done a lot of work to bring this to the floor. So very much [02:07:44] to bring this to the floor. So very much looking forward to the discussions both [02:07:46] looking forward to the discussions both in the next session and then in the [02:07:47] in the next session and then in the breakthroughs this afternoon. Um so [02:07:50] breakthroughs this afternoon. Um so allow me to conclude just by asking you [02:07:52] allow me to conclude just by asking you to give a big round of applause to our [02:07:55] to give a big round of applause to our panelists and to Noat. [02:08:03] >> I don't know if I'm supposed to wrap up [02:08:04] >> I don't know if I'm supposed to wrap up now but I think it's uh I think it's [02:08:07] now but I think it's uh I think it's very time to see someone coming to the [02:08:08] very time to see someone coming to the stage. [02:08:12] >> Thank you so much. You you did very well [02:08:13] >> Thank you so much. You you did very well in in wrapping this up. Colleagues, um [02:08:16] in in wrapping this up. Colleagues, um there is coffee outside. May I ask you [02:08:18] there is coffee outside. May I ask you to be back in 15 minutes and then we [02:08:20] to be back in 15 minutes and then we continue with the next session and after [02:08:22] continue with the next session and after that we go for lunch. Um but as for now, [02:08:25] that we go for lunch. Um but as for now, please grab some coffee, especially [02:08:27] please grab some coffee, especially those that had a long journey to get [02:08:28] those that had a long journey to get here. I can see some tired eyes. [02:38:21] So I think [02:38:34] Okay colleagues would you mind to take [02:38:36] Okay colleagues would you mind to take your seats? We are going to start with [02:38:38] your seats? We are going to start with our second sensitive presentation and [02:38:41] our second sensitive presentation and our panel discussion. Um first of all [02:38:44] our panel discussion. Um first of all let me um thank all these um um printers [02:38:47] let me um thank all these um um printers and panelists for the last session [02:38:49] and panelists for the last session especially some of them from Sweden from [02:38:52] especially some of them from Sweden from Namibia from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [02:38:55] Namibia from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. They are working in the midnight to [02:38:58] They are working in the midnight to support us. I think it's very valuable [02:39:00] support us. I think it's very valuable and of course uh the moderators and also [02:39:03] and of course uh the moderators and also other panelists. Um so for this uh [02:39:06] other panelists. Um so for this uh session we would like to invite uh Miss [02:39:09] session we would like to invite uh Miss Mina uh Iamoto Burko uh the senior [02:39:13] Mina uh Iamoto Burko uh the senior director from the EDF to help us to [02:39:15] director from the EDF to help us to moderate this session and the uh [02:39:18] moderate this session and the uh panelist of this session will be uh [02:39:20] panelist of this session will be uh Andreana [02:39:22] Andreana Medos Gabrio from Brazil. I hope my [02:39:26] Medos Gabrio from Brazil. I hope my pronunciation is acceptable to you and [02:39:30] pronunciation is acceptable to you and thank you so much. would you mind to [02:39:31] thank you so much. would you mind to come to the podium? [02:39:36] Oh. [02:39:41] >> Oh. Um Burn reminds me that I have to uh [02:39:45] >> Oh. Um Burn reminds me that I have to uh get you a background about the um um the [02:39:49] get you a background about the um um the topic of this sensitive print of this [02:39:52] topic of this sensitive print of this session. So just to remind everyone this [02:39:55] session. So just to remind everyone this uh this uh session is about enabling [02:39:57] uh this uh session is about enabling mitigation ambition and implementation [02:40:00] mitigation ambition and implementation in industries drawing on national and [02:40:02] in industries drawing on national and regional experiences and uh of course as [02:40:05] regional experiences and uh of course as said we will start with sensitive [02:40:08] said we will start with sensitive presentation and to be followed by the [02:40:10] presentation and to be followed by the um panel discussion and um first of all [02:40:15] um panel discussion and um first of all I would like now to invite Rachel Howard [02:40:18] I would like now to invite Rachel Howard uh the director Asia Pacific Industrial [02:40:20] uh the director Asia Pacific Industrial Transition Accelerator to give us in [02:40:23] Transition Accelerator to give us in presentation. Please, Rachel, you have [02:40:25] presentation. Please, Rachel, you have the floor. [02:40:40] Thank you, G. Thank you, Angela, for [02:40:42] Thank you, G. Thank you, Angela, for setting up this seventh dialogue. It's a [02:40:44] setting up this seventh dialogue. It's a real privilege to be here in Yasu in a [02:40:46] real privilege to be here in Yasu in a in a city whose industrial story mirrors [02:40:49] in a city whose industrial story mirrors exactly the transition that we are here [02:40:52] exactly the transition that we are here to discuss. I want to acknowledge what [02:40:55] to discuss. I want to acknowledge what is happening as we stand here in April [02:40:57] is happening as we stand here in April 2026 amidst a fuel crisis. Something [02:41:01] 2026 amidst a fuel crisis. Something important is shifting in how we talk [02:41:03] important is shifting in how we talk about mitigation. We know we know it's [02:41:05] about mitigation. We know we know it's no longer just a climate story, but it [02:41:07] no longer just a climate story, but it is increasingly a national resilience [02:41:09] is increasingly a national resilience story. As 75% of the world's population [02:41:13] story. As 75% of the world's population live in countries that are net fossil [02:41:15] live in countries that are net fossil fuel importers, the current fuel crisis [02:41:18] fuel importers, the current fuel crisis is causing energy price spikes which [02:41:20] is causing energy price spikes which feed into our transport, industry, [02:41:23] feed into our transport, industry, fertilizer supply chains, and food [02:41:25] fertilizer supply chains, and food production. [02:41:29] And this is not just a brief disruption [02:41:32] And this is not just a brief disruption that they can shrug off. Energy and food [02:41:35] that they can shrug off. Energy and food security is now at the center of [02:41:36] security is now at the center of conversations around the world. And [02:41:39] conversations around the world. And those conversations are turning towards [02:41:41] those conversations are turning towards the role of clean industry. [02:41:47] Clean industry has moved decisively from [02:41:50] Clean industry has moved decisively from a climate aspiration to a national [02:41:52] a climate aspiration to a national resilience and economic strategy. [02:41:55] resilience and economic strategy. Let me share with you a number of uh a [02:41:57] Let me share with you a number of uh a number that provides good reason for [02:41:59] number that provides good reason for pause. Nearly $2 trillion. [02:42:03] pause. Nearly $2 trillion. That is the scale of the investment [02:42:05] That is the scale of the investment opportunity in clean industry that the [02:42:08] opportunity in clean industry that the industrial transition accelerator is [02:42:10] industrial transition accelerator is tracking today. Now this is not forecast [02:42:12] tracking today. Now this is not forecast for the 2030s. This is live. It is on [02:42:16] for the 2030s. This is live. It is on the ground and it is happening in nearly [02:42:18] the ground and it is happening in nearly 70 countries. Our global project tracker [02:42:22] 70 countries. Our global project tracker now counts more than a thousand [02:42:24] now counts more than a thousand commercial scale clean industry plants [02:42:26] commercial scale clean industry plants in development worldwide. [02:42:30] in development worldwide. 144 are already operational [02:42:33] 144 are already operational in this list uh or they are financed and [02:42:37] in this list uh or they are financed and ready for construction. [02:42:39] ready for construction. Now roughly $250 billion has already [02:42:42] Now roughly $250 billion has already been committed by first movers despite [02:42:46] been committed by first movers despite every geopolitical headwind that that we [02:42:48] every geopolitical headwind that that we can imagine. [02:42:52] And nowhere is that shift more visible [02:42:56] And nowhere is that shift more visible than in fertilizers. Countries that have [02:42:58] than in fertilizers. Countries that have spent decades importing gray ammonia are [02:43:01] spent decades importing gray ammonia are now backing green ammonia as both a [02:43:03] now backing green ammonia as both a climate solution and a sovereign [02:43:05] climate solution and a sovereign capability, securing the food system [02:43:08] capability, securing the food system while building a new export industry. [02:43:11] while building a new export industry. ammonia. Uh here our top pipeline has 21 [02:43:16] ammonia. Uh here our top pipeline has 21 projects already uh financed with a [02:43:19] projects already uh financed with a further 370 [02:43:21] further 370 uh in the pipeline. And if fully [02:43:24] uh in the pipeline. And if fully developed, it would mitigate 83% of [02:43:26] developed, it would mitigate 83% of emissions from that sector today. [02:43:30] emissions from that sector today. across the sectors. If we simply [02:43:32] across the sectors. If we simply finished what is already announced, we [02:43:35] finished what is already announced, we unlock nearly a gigaton of CO2 [02:43:38] unlock nearly a gigaton of CO2 mitigation per year, about 10% of the [02:43:40] mitigation per year, about 10% of the emissions from these sectors. But we [02:43:43] emissions from these sectors. But we also set the stage for exponential [02:43:45] also set the stage for exponential development after the 2030s. [02:43:50] So I want to share our observations from [02:43:54] So I want to share our observations from the global jurisdictions that we as the [02:43:57] the global jurisdictions that we as the uh industrial transition accelerator uh [02:43:59] uh industrial transition accelerator uh work in. We have observed three critical [02:44:02] work in. We have observed three critical enablers for implementation. [02:44:05] enablers for implementation. First is framing. [02:44:08] First is framing. Clean industry is now understood as the [02:44:10] Clean industry is now understood as the third pillar alongside [02:44:12] third pillar alongside doubling of energy efficiency and [02:44:14] doubling of energy efficiency and tripling up of renewables. [02:44:16] tripling up of renewables. Almost every updated NDC names industry [02:44:20] Almost every updated NDC names industry as a priority and this is up from fewer [02:44:22] as a priority and this is up from fewer than half in the last cycle. [02:44:26] than half in the last cycle. Second is green demand. Projects don't [02:44:29] Second is green demand. Projects don't fail because the technology doesn't [02:44:31] fail because the technology doesn't work. They fail because the demand for [02:44:33] work. They fail because the demand for lowcarbon commodities at a premium isn't [02:44:37] lowcarbon commodities at a premium isn't there. Green public procurement, [02:44:40] there. Green public procurement, mandatory quotas, product standards, [02:44:43] mandatory quotas, product standards, life cycle carbon limits are what turn a [02:44:46] life cycle carbon limits are what turn a pipeline into bankable projects. The [02:44:50] pipeline into bankable projects. The toolkit exists and it is being picked [02:44:52] toolkit exists and it is being picked up. [02:44:53] up. The third is targeted finance. Clean [02:44:57] The third is targeted finance. Clean ammonia, clean steel, lowcarbon fuels, [02:45:00] ammonia, clean steel, lowcarbon fuels, they are multiund to multi-billion [02:45:02] they are multiund to multi-billion dollar propositions. They need [02:45:05] dollar propositions. They need concessional capital, blended structures [02:45:07] concessional capital, blended structures and importantly derisking instruments [02:45:10] and importantly derisking instruments like contracts for difference like [02:45:12] like contracts for difference like guarantee funds. And increasingly this [02:45:15] guarantee funds. And increasingly this is exactly what governments and NDBs are [02:45:18] is exactly what governments and NDBs are putting on the table. [02:45:21] putting on the table. I want to share now uh some country [02:45:23] I want to share now uh some country observations. If we start with Brazil uh [02:45:26] observations. If we start with Brazil uh where we've been working with the [02:45:27] where we've been working with the government and other partners for uh [02:45:29] government and other partners for uh several years [02:45:31] several years at COP 30 the Ministry of Industry [02:45:33] at COP 30 the Ministry of Industry published the country's first national [02:45:35] published the country's first national industrial decarb strategy. Several [02:45:37] industrial decarb strategy. Several flagship actions came uh and this was [02:45:40] flagship actions came uh and this was directly from some of the ground truth [02:45:41] directly from some of the ground truth that the ITA was able to provide. This [02:45:44] that the ITA was able to provide. This includes aligning the national [02:45:46] includes aligning the national monitoring, reporting and verification [02:45:48] monitoring, reporting and verification system with the green seal program which [02:45:51] system with the green seal program which can facilitate green procurement. Uh [02:45:54] can facilitate green procurement. Uh redirecting the national climate change [02:45:56] redirecting the national climate change fund through the Brazilian development [02:45:58] fund through the Brazilian development bank towards clean industry and capex [02:46:01] bank towards clean industry and capex tax exemptions for green fertilizer. [02:46:05] tax exemptions for green fertilizer. In parallel, Brazil has overhauled grid [02:46:08] In parallel, Brazil has overhauled grid access. This importantly moved from a [02:46:11] access. This importantly moved from a first come firsts served basis to a [02:46:14] first come firsts served basis to a merit-based allocation preventing [02:46:16] merit-based allocation preventing immature projects from holding up the [02:46:18] immature projects from holding up the access queue. [02:46:22] The ITA is now working with government [02:46:25] The ITA is now working with government and financial institutions on a [02:46:27] and financial institutions on a first-of-akind guarantee fund for green [02:46:29] first-of-akind guarantee fund for green fertilizer. Green fertilizer can be [02:46:32] fertilizer. Green fertilizer can be produced competitively using renewable [02:46:34] produced competitively using renewable energy and displace imported fossil fuel [02:46:36] energy and displace imported fossil fuel ammonia. However, new projects face uh [02:46:41] ammonia. However, new projects face uh um are exposed to to volatile prices and [02:46:45] um are exposed to to volatile prices and they need a price flaw that their [02:46:47] they need a price flaw that their lenders for this large scale upfront [02:46:49] lenders for this large scale upfront capex can rely on. A guarantee fund [02:46:52] capex can rely on. A guarantee fund gives projects like Atlas Agro the [02:46:55] gives projects like Atlas Agro the revenue flow they need to be able to [02:46:57] revenue flow they need to be able to reach FID. [02:46:59] reach FID. So in Brazil, this is what systematic [02:47:01] So in Brazil, this is what systematic enablement looks like when policy, [02:47:04] enablement looks like when policy, government and industry pull in the same [02:47:06] government and industry pull in the same direction. Over [02:47:10] in Australia, my home jurisdiction, [02:47:14] in Australia, my home jurisdiction, since 2023, the government has stood up [02:47:16] since 2023, the government has stood up the Jet Zero Council, a $1.1 billion [02:47:20] the Jet Zero Council, a $1.1 billion clean fuels program, a guarantee of [02:47:22] clean fuels program, a guarantee of origin scheme, and a $250 million [02:47:25] origin scheme, and a $250 million innovation fund as part of the flagship [02:47:27] innovation fund as part of the flagship industrial policy, the future made in [02:47:29] industrial policy, the future made in Australia. [02:47:31] Australia. Uh thanks to this galvanizing push, [02:47:34] Uh thanks to this galvanizing push, there's nearly a dozen sustainable [02:47:35] there's nearly a dozen sustainable aviation fuel projects in the pipeline [02:47:38] aviation fuel projects in the pipeline and proponents are putting by our [02:47:40] and proponents are putting by our estimates between one and $3 billion on [02:47:43] estimates between one and $3 billion on the table uh of the of their own capital [02:47:46] the table uh of the of their own capital to develop these projects. [02:47:49] to develop these projects. 80% of the projects already have land [02:47:51] 80% of the projects already have land and permitting underway. But the missing [02:47:54] and permitting underway. But the missing piece and this is well understood in CRA [02:47:57] piece and this is well understood in CRA is compliance grade demand. [02:48:02] is compliance grade demand. This is the next policy step. It's [02:48:04] This is the next policy step. It's actively being worked on and following [02:48:06] actively being worked on and following the lead of neighbors like Singapore who [02:48:08] the lead of neighbors like Singapore who will hear from in the panel today. [02:48:12] will hear from in the panel today. But I I want to share some practical [02:48:13] But I I want to share some practical ground truth. Uh we've engaged with [02:48:16] ground truth. Uh we've engaged with almost all of those dozen proponents in [02:48:18] almost all of those dozen proponents in the sustainable aviation pro uh fuel [02:48:21] the sustainable aviation pro uh fuel pipeline in the last six to eight weeks [02:48:23] pipeline in the last six to eight weeks since the fuel crisis and nearly half [02:48:27] since the fuel crisis and nearly half those projects tell us that they need to [02:48:29] those projects tell us that they need to raise fresh capital in the next six to [02:48:31] raise fresh capital in the next six to nine months. If no demand signal lands [02:48:34] nine months. If no demand signal lands in that window those teams ramp down and [02:48:37] in that window those teams ramp down and once a project closes it contagion can [02:48:40] once a project closes it contagion can spread to others and investors can [02:48:43] spread to others and investors can rotate elsewhere. So the question [02:48:45] rotate elsewhere. So the question government have been putting to industry [02:48:47] government have been putting to industry is this what is the minimum signal that [02:48:50] is this what is the minimum signal that keeps projects maturing even before [02:48:52] keeps projects maturing even before binding offtake is possible and the [02:48:55] binding offtake is possible and the answer is clear it's an announced [02:48:57] answer is clear it's an announced mechanism with a timeline [02:49:00] mechanism with a timeline unfortunately not another consultation [02:49:02] unfortunately not another consultation round so that's a manageable political [02:49:05] round so that's a manageable political ask and I know the challenges in market [02:49:08] ask and I know the challenges in market of introducing some of these measures [02:49:10] of introducing some of these measures particularly amid a cost of living [02:49:13] particularly amid a cost of living crisis [02:49:14] crisis uh but there are manageable things that [02:49:17] uh but there are manageable things that can be done that keep the billions of [02:49:19] can be done that keep the billions of dollars of private capital in the game. [02:49:24] dollars of private capital in the game. So uh to finish I want to impress on on [02:49:28] So uh to finish I want to impress on on you all as you sit here and listen to [02:49:31] you all as you sit here and listen to the potential for mitigation and [02:49:33] the potential for mitigation and implementation that this is a decisive [02:49:36] implementation that this is a decisive decade. The picture is clear. There's a [02:49:38] decade. The picture is clear. There's a thousand projects in the pipeline plan. [02:49:40] thousand projects in the pipeline plan. There's a gigaton of mitigation within [02:49:43] There's a gigaton of mitigation within reach. There's three enablers that we [02:49:46] reach. There's three enablers that we know how to pull and there's live proof [02:49:48] know how to pull and there's live proof points from Brazil to Australia and here [02:49:51] points from Brazil to Australia and here in Korea. And they work when governments [02:49:53] in Korea. And they work when governments and industry pull together in the same [02:49:55] and industry pull together in the same direction. [02:49:57] direction. Every ton of mitigation [02:49:59] Every ton of mitigation is also a market, a job, a new [02:50:04] is also a market, a job, a new industrial capability. [02:50:06] industrial capability. And the task for you all is to transform [02:50:09] And the task for you all is to transform the climate challenge into an economic [02:50:11] the climate challenge into an economic opportunity and I know the countries in [02:50:14] opportunity and I know the countries in this room are the ones who can do it. [02:50:16] this room are the ones who can do it. Thank you. [02:50:22] >> Thank you Rachel and also please um [02:50:25] >> Thank you Rachel and also please um Rachel for staying with us on the for [02:50:27] Rachel for staying with us on the for the panel discussion. uh I would like [02:50:30] the panel discussion. uh I would like now to uh invite our moderator and uh [02:50:33] now to uh invite our moderator and uh also our panelist to share with us more [02:50:36] also our panelist to share with us more experiences on how to enable the [02:50:38] experiences on how to enable the mitigation am implementation. So as just [02:50:41] mitigation am implementation. So as just said uh our moderator will be u Mina [02:50:44] said uh our moderator will be u Mina from the EDF and uh we will invite [02:50:47] from the EDF and uh we will invite Adrian Adriana from Brazil and we also [02:50:51] Adrian Adriana from Brazil and we also have uh Dane Solo from Zimbabwe who will [02:50:55] have uh Dane Solo from Zimbabwe who will participate online. We will have Katie [02:50:58] participate online. We will have Katie Harris the senior policy fellow and [02:51:01] Harris the senior policy fellow and Philip Sanchez the partnerships lead [02:51:04] Philip Sanchez the partnerships lead from the lead it and will join virtually [02:51:08] from the lead it and will join virtually and we will have Leo Ham uh the senior [02:51:11] and we will have Leo Ham uh the senior managering consultant from the south [02:51:14] managering consultant from the south pole and we will have the uh Jenny Lamb [02:51:17] pole and we will have the uh Jenny Lamb Hing Po the permanent secretary the [02:51:20] Hing Po the permanent secretary the ministry of environmental solid waste [02:51:23] ministry of environmental solid waste management and climate change from [02:51:24] management and climate change from Maicius. So uh may I invite the panelist [02:51:28] Maicius. So uh may I invite the panelist to come to the podium and uh of course [02:51:32] to come to the podium and uh of course invite our moderator Mina to moderate. [02:51:35] invite our moderator Mina to moderate. Thank you. [02:52:51] All right. Um well, welcome everyone to [02:52:54] All right. Um well, welcome everyone to this panel on enabling and mitigation [02:52:56] this panel on enabling and mitigation and uh implementation in industries. In [02:53:00] and uh implementation in industries. In the previous discussion, we explored [02:53:03] the previous discussion, we explored technology options and trends. And this [02:53:06] technology options and trends. And this session basically picks up where that [02:53:09] session basically picks up where that left um where that leaves leaves us and [02:53:12] left um where that leaves leaves us and ask a slightly different more practical [02:53:15] ask a slightly different more practical question perhaps on what actually [02:53:18] question perhaps on what actually enables deployment um to happen on the [02:53:21] enables deployment um to happen on the ground and uh thank you Rachel. um are [02:53:26] ground and uh thank you Rachel. um are seen setting a presentation [02:53:28] seen setting a presentation uh already touched on the key themes I [02:53:31] uh already touched on the key themes I believe that we'll explore throughout [02:53:32] believe that we'll explore throughout this panels um that highlighted that [02:53:35] this panels um that highlighted that many of the tools and policy instruments [02:53:39] many of the tools and policy instruments uh finance mechanism needed for [02:53:42] uh finance mechanism needed for industrial decarbonization already exist [02:53:45] industrial decarbonization already exist or are within our reach and so the [02:53:48] or are within our reach and so the challenge that we now are faced with is [02:53:50] challenge that we now are faced with is perhaps not invention but implementation [02:53:54] perhaps not invention but implementation um aligning policies, institutions, [02:53:59] um aligning policies, institutions, finance, capacity and corporation within [02:54:02] finance, capacity and corporation within industry and governments in ways that [02:54:04] industry and governments in ways that work across very different national and [02:54:07] work across very different national and regional contexts. And so we have a [02:54:10] regional contexts. And so we have a wonderful panel here today bringing [02:54:13] wonderful panel here today bringing together different perspectives from [02:54:14] together different perspectives from governments and international [02:54:16] governments and international corporation platforms, business networks [02:54:19] corporation platforms, business networks and market practitioners [02:54:21] and market practitioners to explore what has worked in practice [02:54:24] to explore what has worked in practice and what has proven difficult or [02:54:27] and what has proven difficult or challenging and perhaps most importantly [02:54:30] challenging and perhaps most importantly what lessons can help others strengthen [02:54:33] what lessons can help others strengthen enabling environments for industry [02:54:35] enabling environments for industry transition. [02:54:37] transition. So to orient us for this panel, I'll [02:54:40] So to orient us for this panel, I'll start with a very brief framing question [02:54:43] start with a very brief framing question for all of our panelists. Please note [02:54:45] for all of our panelists. Please note that we have a handful of panelists [02:54:47] that we have a handful of panelists online. Um so I'd ask each of you since [02:54:50] online. Um so I'd ask each of you since time is a little bit tight. Um so I'll [02:54:53] time is a little bit tight. Um so I'll ask Evasu to keep your questions uh to [02:54:56] ask Evasu to keep your questions uh to your answers rather brief for about [02:54:57] your answers rather brief for about three minutes. Um we'll have follow-up [02:55:00] three minutes. Um we'll have follow-up questions which allow for a more deeper [02:55:03] questions which allow for a more deeper dive exploration of of your experience. [02:55:06] dive exploration of of your experience. But if you um I think we're starting [02:55:09] But if you um I think we're starting with with Katie um but the the opening [02:55:13] with with Katie um but the the opening question is for all of you. If you could [02:55:14] question is for all of you. If you could briefly introduce your national regional [02:55:17] briefly introduce your national regional or organizational experience with [02:55:20] or organizational experience with enabling environments for decarbonizing [02:55:23] enabling environments for decarbonizing industries um and the context that you [02:55:26] industries um and the context that you are speaking from and probably the uh [02:55:29] are speaking from and probably the uh primary dimension of the environment [02:55:33] primary dimension of the environment uh your experience relates to. So, um, [02:55:36] uh your experience relates to. So, um, Katie, the floor is yours. [02:55:39] Katie, the floor is yours. >> Thank you so much, Mina, and it is a [02:55:41] >> Thank you so much, Mina, and it is a pleasure and honor to be with you all [02:55:44] pleasure and honor to be with you all today, dialing in from Sweden. Um, I'm [02:55:47] today, dialing in from Sweden. Um, I'm speaking from the perspective of the [02:55:49] speaking from the perspective of the leadership group for industry transition [02:55:51] leadership group for industry transition or lead it. And we work directly with [02:55:54] or lead it. And we work directly with governments and industry to support the [02:55:56] governments and industry to support the decarbonization of heavy industries. Our [02:56:00] decarbonization of heavy industries. Our experience sits at the intersection of [02:56:03] experience sits at the intersection of policy, of finance, and of international [02:56:06] policy, of finance, and of international cooperation. And today, my colleague [02:56:08] cooperation. And today, my colleague Filipe and I will be talking about how [02:56:11] Filipe and I will be talking about how to build an enabling environment through [02:56:14] to build an enabling environment through country platforms, international [02:56:16] country platforms, international partnerships, and coalitionbased [02:56:18] partnerships, and coalitionbased collaboration. [02:56:20] collaboration. As Rachel laid out so uh clearly uh in [02:56:25] As Rachel laid out so uh clearly uh in her opening presentation, despite [02:56:28] her opening presentation, despite undoubtable challenges, the context we [02:56:30] undoubtable challenges, the context we see today is one of real momentum. [02:56:34] see today is one of real momentum. The net zero transition of heavy [02:56:36] The net zero transition of heavy industries that was once seen as [02:56:39] industries that was once seen as extremely difficult is now advancing [02:56:41] extremely difficult is now advancing rapidly. [02:56:43] rapidly. This momentum is driving a proliferation [02:56:46] This momentum is driving a proliferation of initiatives. Country platforms, [02:56:49] of initiatives. Country platforms, business matchmakers, and [02:56:51] business matchmakers, and membership-based coalitions are [02:56:53] membership-based coalitions are expanding across the world. [02:56:56] expanding across the world. However, this growth also brings risks. [02:56:59] However, this growth also brings risks. Without the exchange of lessons, the [02:57:02] Without the exchange of lessons, the landscape can become fragmented, [02:57:04] landscape can become fragmented, limiting the ability to scale what [02:57:06] limiting the ability to scale what works. [02:57:08] works. At the same time, we know that [02:57:10] At the same time, we know that structural barriers remain particularly [02:57:13] structural barriers remain particularly acute in emerging markets and developing [02:57:15] acute in emerging markets and developing economies. These include limited access [02:57:18] economies. These include limited access to affordable finance, gaps in [02:57:21] to affordable finance, gaps in technology availability, and capacity [02:57:24] technology availability, and capacity constraints within institutions. [02:57:26] constraints within institutions. Addressing these systemic challenges is [02:57:29] Addressing these systemic challenges is central to creating an effective [02:57:31] central to creating an effective enabling environment. [02:57:34] enabling environment. To address these challenges and share [02:57:36] To address these challenges and share lessons learned, Leadit really welcomes [02:57:39] lessons learned, Leadit really welcomes strengthened knowledge exchange between [02:57:42] strengthened knowledge exchange between country platforms, business matchmaking [02:57:44] country platforms, business matchmaking initiatives and membershipbased [02:57:47] initiatives and membershipbased coalitions under the mitigation work [02:57:49] coalitions under the mitigation work program uh in 2026. And a little later [02:57:53] program uh in 2026. And a little later uh I'll share some of the key lessons [02:57:55] uh I'll share some of the key lessons that we've learned under LeadIt's own [02:57:58] that we've learned under LeadIt's own industry transition partnership between [02:58:00] industry transition partnership between Sweden and India that was launched at [02:58:03] Sweden and India that was launched at COP 28. [02:58:06] COP 28. Leadits industry transition partnerships [02:58:08] Leadits industry transition partnerships focus on four enabling dimensions. [02:58:11] focus on four enabling dimensions. First, strengthening policy and [02:58:13] First, strengthening policy and institutional frameworks through a whole [02:58:15] institutional frameworks through a whole of government approach. Second, [02:58:18] of government approach. Second, unlocking pilot and demonstration [02:58:20] unlocking pilot and demonstration projects for breakthrough technologies. [02:58:23] projects for breakthrough technologies. You'll hear more about this uh later [02:58:25] You'll hear more about this uh later from us, particularly in hard to abate [02:58:27] from us, particularly in hard to abate sectors like steel and cement. We also [02:58:31] sectors like steel and cement. We also foster collaboration in innovation, [02:58:34] foster collaboration in innovation, research and development and capacity [02:58:35] research and development and capacity building and critically work to mobilize [02:58:38] building and critically work to mobilize finance including through public [02:58:40] finance including through public funding, carbon markets and [02:58:42] funding, carbon markets and international support. [02:58:44] international support. So in practice this means for us [02:58:47] So in practice this means for us coordinating among ministries and [02:58:49] coordinating among ministries and agencies across India and Sweden, [02:58:52] agencies across India and Sweden, facilitating matchmaking between Indian [02:58:54] facilitating matchmaking between Indian and Swedish companies, building capacity [02:58:58] and Swedish companies, building capacity among policy makers and industry [02:59:00] among policy makers and industry representatives [02:59:01] representatives uh for instance on on regulation and the [02:59:03] uh for instance on on regulation and the implications for business and [02:59:06] implications for business and identifying concrete financial support [02:59:08] identifying concrete financial support mechanisms. [02:59:10] mechanisms. Early results from this approach include [02:59:12] Early results from this approach include seven pre-pilot projects that involve 18 [02:59:15] seven pre-pilot projects that involve 18 companies alongside a whole host of [02:59:18] companies alongside a whole host of delegations, site visits and matchmaking [02:59:20] delegations, site visits and matchmaking missions. So in essence, we look forward [02:59:23] missions. So in essence, we look forward to lots of discussion about the [02:59:25] to lots of discussion about the opportunities and challenges afforded by [02:59:28] opportunities and challenges afforded by such country platforms and partnerships [02:59:30] such country platforms and partnerships for industrial decarbonization over the [02:59:33] for industrial decarbonization over the coming hours and days. Thanks so much. [02:59:39] Uh, thanks Katie for those opening [02:59:42] Uh, thanks Katie for those opening remarks which I think provide a really [02:59:43] remarks which I think provide a really good good perspective. I'm going to move [02:59:45] good good perspective. I'm going to move this question quickly over to Adriana [02:59:48] this question quickly over to Adriana from Brazil. [02:59:52] >> Good morning. I'd like to thank by by uh [02:59:56] >> Good morning. I'd like to thank by by uh I'd like to begin by quickly expressing [02:59:58] I'd like to begin by quickly expressing my gratitude for this invitation. So I'd [03:00:01] my gratitude for this invitation. So I'd like to thank the secretariat and the [03:00:03] like to thank the secretariat and the co-chairs GA and Angela and also [03:00:05] co-chairs GA and Angela and also expressing the gratitude for the um [03:00:08] expressing the gratitude for the um Korean government for organizing this [03:00:10] Korean government for organizing this meeting. So thank you very much. It's a [03:00:12] meeting. So thank you very much. It's a pleasure to be here. So uh Brazil's [03:00:15] pleasure to be here. So uh Brazil's experience uh highlights the importance [03:00:18] experience uh highlights the importance of the existence of a strong regulatory [03:00:21] of the existence of a strong regulatory framework was what was uh highlighted in [03:00:24] framework was what was uh highlighted in the this this the scene setting. Um and [03:00:28] the this this the scene setting. Um and for that we consider crucial to develop [03:00:30] for that we consider crucial to develop a sta stable decision making structure [03:00:34] a sta stable decision making structure uh but also credible strategies [03:00:36] uh but also credible strategies expressed by short-term initiatives and [03:00:38] expressed by short-term initiatives and also long long-term legislation. In [03:00:41] also long long-term legislation. In Brazil's case, the framework for [03:00:43] Brazil's case, the framework for industrial decarbonization is anchored [03:00:45] industrial decarbonization is anchored in the national policy on climate [03:00:47] in the national policy on climate change, which is a federal law whose [03:00:49] change, which is a federal law whose principles are rooted both in the [03:00:51] principles are rooted both in the federal constitution and in [03:00:53] federal constitution and in international agreements that includes [03:00:55] international agreements that includes the UNFC and its Paris agreement. So [03:00:58] the UNFC and its Paris agreement. So building on this policy, the climate [03:01:00] building on this policy, the climate plan was developed as a national [03:01:02] plan was developed as a national blueprint for achieving Brazil's NDCS. [03:01:05] blueprint for achieving Brazil's NDCS. The governance structure for its [03:01:07] The governance structure for its development and implementation is led by [03:01:10] development and implementation is led by an interministerial committee for [03:01:12] an interministerial committee for climate uh composed by 23 ministers [03:01:16] climate uh composed by 23 ministers including environment, energy, industry [03:01:18] including environment, energy, industry and foreign affairs. Uh and this [03:01:21] and foreign affairs. Uh and this committee is responsible for the [03:01:23] committee is responsible for the approval, monitoring and implementation [03:01:25] approval, monitoring and implementation of three pillars for the climate plan. [03:01:28] of three pillars for the climate plan. uh four crosscutting plans that include [03:01:31] uh four crosscutting plans that include education uh means of implementation uh [03:01:34] education uh means of implementation uh women and just transitions and climate [03:01:36] women and just transitions and climate justice, one uh climate adaptation plan [03:01:41] justice, one uh climate adaptation plan and one mitigation plan composed by [03:01:43] and one mitigation plan composed by eight sectoral plans and one of these [03:01:46] eight sectoral plans and one of these eight plans is the sectoral mitigation [03:01:48] eight plans is the sectoral mitigation plan for the industry that was [03:01:49] plan for the industry that was mentioned. uh this sectoral plan [03:01:52] mentioned. uh this sectoral plan comprises actions in energy, [03:01:55] comprises actions in energy, transportation, IPU and waste that are [03:01:57] transportation, IPU and waste that are related to the industrial production in [03:02:00] related to the industrial production in Brazil. So finally answering to the [03:02:03] Brazil. So finally answering to the question within this structure of the [03:02:05] question within this structure of the climate uh the international committee [03:02:08] climate uh the international committee for climate my prim my primary [03:02:10] for climate my prim my primary contribution uh in the ministry of [03:02:13] contribution uh in the ministry of foreign affairs lies at the intersection [03:02:15] foreign affairs lies at the intersection of national and international dimensions [03:02:18] of national and international dimensions for the national governance at the [03:02:20] for the national governance at the national dimension as part of the [03:02:22] national dimension as part of the ministry of foreign affairs I [03:02:23] ministry of foreign affairs I contributed in the technical level for [03:02:25] contributed in the technical level for supporting the ministry exercising its [03:02:28] supporting the ministry exercising its seat both at the political and executive [03:02:31] seat both at the political and executive levels for the committee. At the [03:02:34] levels for the committee. At the international side, I participate in the [03:02:36] international side, I participate in the effort of bringing the the national [03:02:38] effort of bringing the the national decision makers the opportunities and [03:02:41] decision makers the opportunities and the commitments with regards of [03:02:42] the commitments with regards of advancing decarbonization for the whole [03:02:44] advancing decarbonization for the whole economy including the industrial sector. [03:02:47] economy including the industrial sector. So, it's a pleasure to be here and also [03:02:49] So, it's a pleasure to be here and also learn a little bit more uh regarding the [03:02:52] learn a little bit more uh regarding the opportunities that we have ahead. Thank [03:02:53] opportunities that we have ahead. Thank you. [03:02:58] >> Thank you, Adriana. and I look forward [03:03:00] >> Thank you, Adriana. and I look forward to hearing a little bit more in the [03:03:02] to hearing a little bit more in the follow-up questions about cross [03:03:04] follow-up questions about cross ministerial coordination challenge um [03:03:07] ministerial coordination challenge um within this uh such regulatory [03:03:09] within this uh such regulatory framework. Um let's move on and I would [03:03:12] framework. Um let's move on and I would like to move to Leon. [03:03:19] >> Hi. Uh it's great to be here with you [03:03:22] >> Hi. Uh it's great to be here with you all. Uh an honor. Thank you to the [03:03:25] all. Uh an honor. Thank you to the organizers of the MWP and the co-chairs [03:03:27] organizers of the MWP and the co-chairs Angela and Gausang. uh and to Korea as [03:03:30] Angela and Gausang. uh and to Korea as well for putting this together. Um I'm [03:03:33] well for putting this together. Um I'm representing South Pole and I'll [03:03:35] representing South Pole and I'll introduce South Pole later as a senior [03:03:36] introduce South Pole later as a senior managing consultant. Uh but I'm also a [03:03:39] managing consultant. Uh but I'm also a delegate with the Singapore delegation. [03:03:41] delegate with the Singapore delegation. Um I'll be speaking to the financing [03:03:44] Um I'll be speaking to the financing dimension um of enabling conditions. Uh [03:03:48] dimension um of enabling conditions. Uh um there'll be speakers on policy and [03:03:50] um there'll be speakers on policy and technology and I'll be focused on [03:03:52] technology and I'll be focused on finance and specifically in finance. uh [03:03:55] finance and specifically in finance. uh amongst public, private and carbon [03:03:58] amongst public, private and carbon financing. I'll be focused on carbon [03:03:59] financing. I'll be focused on carbon financing uh in particular um as a novel [03:04:02] financing uh in particular um as a novel financing mechanism for industry. Um but [03:04:04] financing mechanism for industry. Um but first a quick personal introduction. Um [03:04:08] first a quick personal introduction. Um I've I've spent a decade in climate [03:04:10] I've I've spent a decade in climate action and I've had the privilege to [03:04:12] action and I've had the privilege to work across all three of these [03:04:14] work across all three of these dimensions and all financing avenues. So [03:04:17] dimensions and all financing avenues. So in policy, technology um and finance. So [03:04:21] in policy, technology um and finance. So I started as a policy maker in Singapore [03:04:22] I started as a policy maker in Singapore government working on industrial decarb [03:04:25] government working on industrial decarb climate policies um and then started a [03:04:28] climate policies um and then started a venture techch uh climate company uh [03:04:30] venture techch uh climate company uh building technology solutions for the [03:04:33] building technology solutions for the cold refrigerated uh supply chain and [03:04:35] cold refrigerated uh supply chain and then now I'm in carbon finance. So first [03:04:39] then now I'm in carbon finance. So first I I I think it's uh I I know how rare it [03:04:41] I I I think it's uh I I know how rare it is to have all perspectives in a room. [03:04:43] is to have all perspectives in a room. So thank you to the um MWP um committee [03:04:46] So thank you to the um MWP um committee and co-chairs for bringing us together. [03:04:48] and co-chairs for bringing us together. I think it's super valuable. Um but also [03:04:51] I think it's super valuable. Um but also across these experiences um uh I've seen [03:04:55] across these experiences um uh I've seen how public finance and public money and [03:04:58] how public finance and public money and investment is used to catalyze [03:05:00] investment is used to catalyze technologies especially in early stage [03:05:02] technologies especially in early stage of uh technology readiness levels. I've [03:05:05] of uh technology readiness levels. I've seen uh trying to raise funds for the [03:05:08] seen uh trying to raise funds for the technology company that that I ran, how [03:05:10] technology company that that I ran, how difficult it might be to make the case [03:05:13] difficult it might be to make the case for private sector investment and then [03:05:15] for private sector investment and then now in South Pole um seeing how carbon [03:05:18] now in South Pole um seeing how carbon financing uh can be another piece um in [03:05:21] financing uh can be another piece um in a blended financing framework for [03:05:23] a blended financing framework for industrial decarb uh to accelerate [03:05:25] industrial decarb uh to accelerate action. [03:05:26] action. So that's on me. Um but a quick [03:05:28] So that's on me. Um but a quick introduction for South Pole for those [03:05:30] introduction for South Pole for those who are not familiar. Uh we are a [03:05:32] who are not familiar. Uh we are a 20-year-old Switzerland headquartered [03:05:34] 20-year-old Switzerland headquartered provider of global sustainability [03:05:36] provider of global sustainability financing solutions and services uh with [03:05:39] financing solutions and services uh with more than 600 experts across 30 [03:05:41] more than 600 experts across 30 countries [03:05:43] countries and throughout these two decades uh we [03:05:45] and throughout these two decades uh we have grown with and I would say really [03:05:47] have grown with and I would say really helped to shape the evolution of carbon [03:05:49] helped to shape the evolution of carbon markets globally. Uh so just um to [03:05:53] markets globally. Uh so just um to illustrate that in 27 2007 we handled [03:05:56] illustrate that in 27 2007 we handled the first ever international Kyoto [03:05:58] the first ever international Kyoto carbon credit transfer and in 2008 we [03:06:00] carbon credit transfer and in 2008 we were the first company globally to [03:06:02] were the first company globally to retire carbon credits uh making sure [03:06:04] retire carbon credits uh making sure that they cannot be resold and to [03:06:08] that they cannot be resold and to present day more recently in 2022 we [03:06:11] present day more recently in 2022 we launched NextGen the world's first [03:06:13] launched NextGen the world's first procurement fund for certified removal [03:06:16] procurement fund for certified removal credits and in 2023 we helped deliver [03:06:18] credits and in 2023 we helped deliver the world's first Paris agreement [03:06:20] the world's first Paris agreement article 6.2 transactions between the [03:06:22] article 6.2 transactions between the governments of Thailand and Switzerland. [03:06:26] governments of Thailand and Switzerland. Over that two decades, we've mobilized [03:06:28] Over that two decades, we've mobilized climate finance for more than 850 [03:06:30] climate finance for more than 850 climate action projects globally um in [03:06:32] climate action projects globally um in more than 50 countries and contributed [03:06:34] more than 50 countries and contributed to more than 200 million metric tons of [03:06:37] to more than 200 million metric tons of CO2 abated. [03:06:39] CO2 abated. Specific to today's topic on industrial [03:06:41] Specific to today's topic on industrial decarbonization, [03:06:43] decarbonization, um SAPO has uh I'm working in an [03:06:46] um SAPO has uh I'm working in an initiative in Southpo called the Asia [03:06:47] initiative in Southpo called the Asia Center of Carbon Excellence. This is [03:06:50] Center of Carbon Excellence. This is supported by Tomasik um subsidiary Gen [03:06:53] supported by Tomasik um subsidiary Gen Zero as well as Singapore government and [03:06:55] Zero as well as Singapore government and the Asia Center of Carbon Excellence or [03:06:57] the Asia Center of Carbon Excellence or ACE initiative focuses on unlocking [03:06:59] ACE initiative focuses on unlocking carbon finance for industrial [03:07:00] carbon finance for industrial decarbonization projects specifically in [03:07:03] decarbonization projects specifically in power, cement, steel um and hydrogen and [03:07:06] power, cement, steel um and hydrogen and I'll speak to some of these uh types of [03:07:09] I'll speak to some of these uh types of projects a bit later on in my remarks. [03:07:12] projects a bit later on in my remarks. Um so thanks for having me and I look [03:07:14] Um so thanks for having me and I look forward to the discussion today. [03:07:20] Thank you, Leon. Um, we're going to move [03:07:23] Thank you, Leon. Um, we're going to move next to uh one of our virtual [03:07:26] next to uh one of our virtual participants again. Uh, Dinghana, if you [03:07:29] participants again. Uh, Dinghana, if you could share a little bit about the [03:07:31] could share a little bit about the specific uh enabling environment that [03:07:33] specific uh enabling environment that you'll be speaking about later during [03:07:35] you'll be speaking about later during this panel, that'd be great. [03:07:44] Good day and thank you very much for the [03:07:48] Good day and thank you very much for the opportunity. [03:07:50] opportunity. Sto is my name and I'm speaking to you [03:07:54] Sto is my name and I'm speaking to you from Zimbabwe. It's early morning here [03:07:58] from Zimbabwe. It's early morning here and I am the executive director of the [03:08:01] and I am the executive director of the business council for sustainable [03:08:02] business council for sustainable development Zimbabwe [03:08:05] development Zimbabwe which is a CEO [03:08:07] which is a CEO um business member organization and we [03:08:11] um business member organization and we are a network partner of the world [03:08:13] are a network partner of the world business council for sustainable [03:08:14] business council for sustainable development [03:08:16] development with over 33 years um in operation [03:08:20] with over 33 years um in operation formed uh in 1993 soon after the Rio [03:08:24] formed uh in 1993 soon after the Rio summit [03:08:25] summit We are operating in a developing country [03:08:30] We are operating in a developing country context, developing economy where [03:08:34] context, developing economy where industrial decarbonization is not just [03:08:36] industrial decarbonization is not just an environmental necessity [03:08:39] an environmental necessity but presents a core business imperative. [03:08:43] but presents a core business imperative. Um just to inform the participants [03:08:48] Um just to inform the participants in Zimbabwe we will face some acute [03:08:51] in Zimbabwe we will face some acute energy challenges in security [03:08:55] energy challenges in security both the supply and sometimes the [03:08:57] both the supply and sometimes the quality and of late we have also [03:09:00] quality and of late we have also experienced a new challenge which is the [03:09:04] experienced a new challenge which is the threat to the hydro power which has been [03:09:06] threat to the hydro power which has been contributing over 50% of our energy or [03:09:10] contributing over 50% of our energy or in our energy mix [03:09:13] in our energy mix As the BCSDZ, we are actively driving [03:09:16] As the BCSDZ, we are actively driving the transition to sustainable energy [03:09:19] the transition to sustainable energy through several uh initiatives [03:09:22] through several uh initiatives and this we do through our technical [03:09:24] and this we do through our technical committees [03:09:26] committees and we have been working on initiatives [03:09:28] and we have been working on initiatives like the green industry initiative [03:09:30] like the green industry initiative supported technically by UNIDO and [03:09:33] supported technically by UNIDO and that's where I'm drilling out the issues [03:09:36] that's where I'm drilling out the issues of energy efficiency where we have [03:09:39] of energy efficiency where we have collaborated with government in [03:09:42] collaborated with government in upscaling [03:09:43] upscaling piloting and upscaling energy efficiency [03:09:45] piloting and upscaling energy efficiency industry. [03:09:47] industry. So coming to the um [03:09:51] So coming to the um policy which becomes obviously the [03:09:53] policy which becomes obviously the enabling environment. [03:09:56] enabling environment. What we have experienced in Zimbabwe is [03:09:59] What we have experienced in Zimbabwe is quite some [03:10:01] quite some movement especially at central [03:10:03] movement especially at central government level with uh vision 2030 of [03:10:08] government level with uh vision 2030 of an upper middle income economy by 2030 [03:10:12] an upper middle income economy by 2030 which uh is supported by two national [03:10:16] which uh is supported by two national development strategies [03:10:18] development strategies uh national development strategy 2 which [03:10:21] uh national development strategy 2 which has been a successor of NDS1 [03:10:24] has been a successor of NDS1 and NDS2 starting 2026. 6 through 2030. [03:10:29] and NDS2 starting 2026. 6 through 2030. And we also have a national climate [03:10:31] And we also have a national climate policy and other supporting initiatives [03:10:36] policy and other supporting initiatives obviously like the NDC. [03:10:38] obviously like the NDC. We are also currently working on the [03:10:41] We are also currently working on the climate bill and some significance [03:10:44] climate bill and some significance development also happened last year, the [03:10:47] development also happened last year, the carbon markets framework as well as SI48 [03:10:50] carbon markets framework as well as SI48 on carbon trading. [03:10:53] on carbon trading. But while the central government has [03:10:55] But while the central government has also been moving [03:10:57] also been moving uh there are also sector specific [03:11:00] uh there are also sector specific policies the renewable energy policies [03:11:03] policies the renewable energy policies energy efficiency policies [03:11:06] energy efficiency policies uh as well as the industrial development [03:11:08] uh as well as the industrial development policy too. Let me end by talking about [03:11:12] policy too. Let me end by talking about what we are then doing at industry [03:11:15] what we are then doing at industry level. As the BCSG, we developed our [03:11:20] level. As the BCSG, we developed our code on sustainability which includes [03:11:23] code on sustainability which includes energy efficiency [03:11:25] energy efficiency and I can also inform the house that we [03:11:28] and I can also inform the house that we have some sector specific movement [03:11:31] have some sector specific movement typically the mining industry have also [03:11:34] typically the mining industry have also recently concluded their own code on the [03:11:37] recently concluded their own code on the mining industry and within them they [03:11:40] mining industry and within them they also look at industrial decarbonization. [03:11:43] also look at industrial decarbonization. So in summary I speaking to movement at [03:11:48] So in summary I speaking to movement at national or central government level at [03:11:50] national or central government level at sector level but also industry coming in [03:11:54] sector level but also industry coming in to complement government efforts with [03:11:56] to complement government efforts with some codes which complement what [03:11:59] some codes which complement what government is doing and this we have [03:12:02] government is doing and this we have seen yielding some significant impact in [03:12:06] seen yielding some significant impact in terms of decarbonization. [03:12:08] terms of decarbonization. I submit looking forward to hearing from [03:12:11] I submit looking forward to hearing from others and also involving in some [03:12:13] others and also involving in some dialogue on the same or related issues. [03:12:17] dialogue on the same or related issues. Thank you. [03:12:21] >> Thank you very much Tingano for for [03:12:23] >> Thank you very much Tingano for for joining us very early morning your time. [03:12:25] joining us very early morning your time. I look forward to hearing more about the [03:12:28] I look forward to hearing more about the um circular economy approaches um [03:12:31] um circular economy approaches um throughout this panel. Um and uh you've [03:12:34] throughout this panel. Um and uh you've been very patient Jane. um we'd love to [03:12:38] been very patient Jane. um we'd love to hear about the enabling environments [03:12:40] hear about the enabling environments that you'll be discussing today. Thanks. [03:12:44] that you'll be discussing today. Thanks. >> Uh good morning. [03:12:47] >> Uh good morning. Good morning uh everyone. So on behalf [03:12:50] Good morning uh everyone. So on behalf of Maicius, I want to thank the [03:12:52] of Maicius, I want to thank the organizers and the Korean government for [03:12:55] organizers and the Korean government for giving us the opportunity to attend the [03:12:57] giving us the opportunity to attend the climate week. As a small island [03:13:00] climate week. As a small island development state, Mosius has prepared [03:13:02] development state, Mosius has prepared and submitted CNDC 3.0 last year. So [03:13:05] and submitted CNDC 3.0 last year. So there are a lot of initiatives [03:13:08] there are a lot of initiatives uh for the decarbonization of the [03:13:10] uh for the decarbonization of the manufacturing sector, aviation sector of [03:13:12] manufacturing sector, aviation sector of the port and also uh decarbonization [03:13:15] the port and also uh decarbonization through digitalization. [03:13:17] through digitalization. So uh renewable energy is high on the [03:13:20] So uh renewable energy is high on the agenda of government and with the help [03:13:22] agenda of government and with the help of world bank we are in the process of [03:13:24] of world bank we are in the process of finalizing our investment and [03:13:26] finalizing our investment and implementation plan to be expected by [03:13:30] implementation plan to be expected by May and June this year. I would also as [03:13:33] May and June this year. I would also as a permanent secretary, head of the [03:13:35] a permanent secretary, head of the ministry of environment, so waste [03:13:37] ministry of environment, so waste management and uh climate change. Uh I'm [03:13:40] management and uh climate change. Uh I'm the national focal point. I'm also the [03:13:43] the national focal point. I'm also the chairperson of the climate change [03:13:44] chairperson of the climate change committee established under the climate [03:13:46] committee established under the climate change act and we coordinate all the [03:13:49] change act and we coordinate all the initiatives taken by line ministries in [03:13:51] initiatives taken by line ministries in order to achieve our targets of the NDC. [03:13:56] order to achieve our targets of the NDC. What I would like to emphasize here is [03:13:58] What I would like to emphasize here is uh I would have also to share the [03:14:00] uh I would have also to share the progress of Maicius in the IPU sector [03:14:03] progress of Maicius in the IPU sector refrigeration and air conditioning. So [03:14:06] refrigeration and air conditioning. So we have already uh completed and uh we [03:14:09] we have already uh completed and uh we have also uh a government framework. We [03:14:12] have also uh a government framework. We have set up a national ozone unit at the [03:14:14] have set up a national ozone unit at the ministry where we have uh had [03:14:16] ministry where we have uh had regulations like the dangerous chemicals [03:14:19] regulations like the dangerous chemicals control board custom department to give [03:14:21] control board custom department to give financial clearance detation of [03:14:23] financial clearance detation of naturalbased [03:14:25] naturalbased refrigerant in equipment. We also have [03:14:27] refrigerant in equipment. We also have established a good regulatory [03:14:29] established a good regulatory instruments. So we have regulations for [03:14:31] instruments. So we have regulations for the consumer protection control of [03:14:33] the consumer protection control of import dangerous chemicals control act. [03:14:36] import dangerous chemicals control act. Capacity building is also one important [03:14:39] Capacity building is also one important component. So there's continuous [03:14:41] component. So there's continuous training of trainers and also provision [03:14:43] training of trainers and also provision of recovery units and training on how to [03:14:46] of recovery units and training on how to use them. So this is also free of [03:14:48] use them. So this is also free of charge. The the training is provided [03:14:50] charge. The the training is provided free of charge to enable maximum [03:14:53] free of charge to enable maximum participation. Every year we also uh [03:14:56] participation. Every year we also uh celebrate the world ound day with [03:14:58] celebrate the world ound day with workshops with target audience. Our [03:15:01] workshops with target audience. Our challenges for micious would be that we [03:15:03] challenges for micious would be that we are a small market. So it's bit uh [03:15:06] are a small market. So it's bit uh difficult to get companies of [03:15:08] difficult to get companies of refrigerators and air conditions working [03:15:10] refrigerators and air conditions working on ozone and climate friendly [03:15:12] on ozone and climate friendly refrigerants. There's also no direct [03:15:14] refrigerants. There's also no direct interest to enjoy industries and comm [03:15:18] interest to enjoy industries and comm consumers and also we have the notice [03:15:21] consumers and also we have the notice that there's also a high cost of [03:15:22] that there's also a high cost of businessment and unwillingness of the [03:15:25] businessment and unwillingness of the industry to shift [03:15:27] industry to shift uh unavailability of new technologies. [03:15:30] uh unavailability of new technologies. But the lessons learned is that we need [03:15:32] But the lessons learned is that we need to provide incentives to enable better [03:15:34] to provide incentives to enable better penetration, have regular training for [03:15:37] penetration, have regular training for new entrance, continuous sensitization [03:15:40] new entrance, continuous sensitization for the general public and also [03:15:42] for the general public and also demonstration projects for confidence [03:15:45] demonstration projects for confidence building. Thank you. [03:15:56] Thank you, Jane. Um, let's see. All [03:15:59] Thank you, Jane. Um, let's see. All right. Now it's the time where we get in [03:16:01] right. Now it's the time where we get in we get to learn a little bit bit more [03:16:03] we get to learn a little bit bit more about your experiences and I'm going to [03:16:05] about your experiences and I'm going to go uh back to Katie and Felipe [03:16:09] go uh back to Katie and Felipe um who are with us online. Um and I just [03:16:13] um who are with us online. Um and I just love to learn a little bit more about [03:16:16] love to learn a little bit more about your experience in facilitating [03:16:18] your experience in facilitating cooperation and what that actually looks [03:16:20] cooperation and what that actually looks like in practice. um including through [03:16:24] like in practice. um including through partnerships that you mentioned earlier [03:16:26] partnerships that you mentioned earlier but also capacity building and knowledge [03:16:28] but also capacity building and knowledge exchange um in your point of view what [03:16:31] exchange um in your point of view what have been the most uh effective [03:16:33] have been the most uh effective approaches to supporting countries and [03:16:36] approaches to supporting countries and companies um and in developing enabling [03:16:40] companies um and in developing enabling environments for industrial [03:16:43] environments for industrial uh decarbonization and I'm sure you [03:16:45] uh decarbonization and I'm sure you mention it anyway but you know please [03:16:47] mention it anyway but you know please touch a little bit on the challenges and [03:16:49] touch a little bit on the challenges and barriers um that you are encountering [03:16:55] Thanks so much uh Mina. That's uh I will [03:16:58] Thanks so much uh Mina. That's uh I will take this question and then um my [03:17:00] take this question and then um my colleague Filipe will come in later uh [03:17:02] colleague Filipe will come in later uh by just sharing one key insight. But I'd [03:17:05] by just sharing one key insight. But I'd like to highlight 10 key lessons that [03:17:08] like to highlight 10 key lessons that we've drawn from designing and operating [03:17:12] we've drawn from designing and operating the international partnership that I [03:17:14] the international partnership that I introduced earlier. Um I will only say a [03:17:17] introduced earlier. Um I will only say a sentence on each. uh but first on what [03:17:20] sentence on each. uh but first on what enables success. [03:17:23] enables success. So one high level political commitment [03:17:26] So one high level political commitment and endorsement is critical when [03:17:30] and endorsement is critical when partnerships are backed by heads of [03:17:32] partnerships are backed by heads of government. So at the highest level it [03:17:35] government. So at the highest level it sustains momentum, strengthens [03:17:37] sustains momentum, strengthens accountability and keeps actors engaged [03:17:40] accountability and keeps actors engaged even when challenges arise. [03:17:44] even when challenges arise. Two, early clarity on financial support [03:17:48] Two, early clarity on financial support makes a significant difference. [03:17:51] makes a significant difference. Signaling or securing funding upfront [03:17:54] Signaling or securing funding upfront helps to accelerate project design and [03:17:56] helps to accelerate project design and development and also creates incentives [03:17:59] development and also creates incentives to focus discussions and clarify [03:18:02] to focus discussions and clarify concrete opportunities for [03:18:04] concrete opportunities for collaboration. [03:18:06] collaboration. Three, strong business engagement is [03:18:09] Three, strong business engagement is essential. Without direct and continuous [03:18:12] essential. Without direct and continuous involvement from industry, these [03:18:14] involvement from industry, these initiatives risk becoming platforms for [03:18:17] initiatives risk becoming platforms for dialogue rather than vehicles for real [03:18:20] dialogue rather than vehicles for real world implementation. [03:18:23] world implementation. Four, a focus on actual industrial [03:18:26] Four, a focus on actual industrial projects is key. Concentrating on the [03:18:29] projects is key. Concentrating on the delivery of real decarbonization [03:18:31] delivery of real decarbonization projects that are aligned with national [03:18:33] projects that are aligned with national priorities and international interests [03:18:36] priorities and international interests significantly strengthens credibility [03:18:39] significantly strengthens credibility and impact and keeps both governments [03:18:42] and impact and keeps both governments and companies committed. [03:18:45] and companies committed. Five, technology demonstration and [03:18:47] Five, technology demonstration and learning play central roles. Testing and [03:18:51] learning play central roles. Testing and validating key technologies in situ is [03:18:54] validating key technologies in situ is an essential first step that should form [03:18:56] an essential first step that should form a critical part of future project [03:18:58] a critical part of future project pipelines. More on this from uh my [03:19:02] pipelines. More on this from uh my colleague Filipe later. [03:19:04] colleague Filipe later. Six, balancing bilateral and [03:19:07] Six, balancing bilateral and multilateral cooperation is [03:19:08] multilateral cooperation is advantageous. [03:19:10] advantageous. Some country partnerships leverage [03:19:12] Some country partnerships leverage bilateral support, others focus on [03:19:15] bilateral support, others focus on strengthening multilateral cooperation. [03:19:18] strengthening multilateral cooperation. Our experience suggests that combining [03:19:20] Our experience suggests that combining both approaches is likely to be the most [03:19:22] both approaches is likely to be the most effective. [03:19:24] effective. So alongside these uh six enabling [03:19:28] So alongside these uh six enabling factors, I'm just going to highlight [03:19:30] factors, I'm just going to highlight four important challenges to navigate. [03:19:33] four important challenges to navigate. So lesson number seven, cross-country [03:19:35] So lesson number seven, cross-country coordination and alignment is resource [03:19:38] coordination and alignment is resource inensive. Aligning multiple ministries, [03:19:41] inensive. Aligning multiple ministries, agencies and private actors requires [03:19:44] agencies and private actors requires dedicated capacity and sustained effort. [03:19:49] dedicated capacity and sustained effort. Eight, crossgovernment engagement does [03:19:51] Eight, crossgovernment engagement does not come automatically. [03:19:53] not come automatically. Success depends on maintaining active [03:19:56] Success depends on maintaining active involvement from a range of ministries [03:19:58] involvement from a range of ministries linking political leadership with [03:20:00] linking political leadership with technical expertise. [03:20:03] technical expertise. Nine, there is an inherent tension [03:20:06] Nine, there is an inherent tension between corporate and public interest. [03:20:09] between corporate and public interest. Companies focus on their own projects [03:20:11] Companies focus on their own projects and competitive interests while [03:20:13] and competitive interests while governments aim for sectorwide [03:20:15] governments aim for sectorwide innovation and transformation. [03:20:17] innovation and transformation. Effective partnerships need to carefully [03:20:20] Effective partnerships need to carefully balance both. [03:20:22] balance both. And finally, 10. Overcoming protracted [03:20:25] And finally, 10. Overcoming protracted concerns around technology deployment [03:20:27] concerns around technology deployment and finance remains a challenge. The [03:20:30] and finance remains a challenge. The speed and scale of technology deployment [03:20:33] speed and scale of technology deployment or capital mobilization may be [03:20:35] or capital mobilization may be frustratingly slow. While industry-wide [03:20:38] frustratingly slow. While industry-wide scale up from proprietary projects is [03:20:41] scale up from proprietary projects is far from straightforward, [03:20:43] far from straightforward, managing expectations through a flexible [03:20:46] managing expectations through a flexible and adaptive approach fully owned and [03:20:49] and adaptive approach fully owned and championed by the respective government [03:20:52] championed by the respective government is critical. [03:20:53] is critical. Thanks so much. Back to the floor. [03:21:00] Thank you Katie for um going through a [03:21:04] Thank you Katie for um going through a very comprehensive comprehensive list um [03:21:07] very comprehensive comprehensive list um of of items and including challenges. Um [03:21:10] of of items and including challenges. Um I think there's a lot of the pieces I [03:21:12] I think there's a lot of the pieces I was reminded that Rachel was mentioned [03:21:14] was reminded that Rachel was mentioned when it comes to systematic enablement [03:21:17] when it comes to systematic enablement and making sure all of the pieces [03:21:18] and making sure all of the pieces actually work together and work towards [03:21:20] actually work together and work towards the same direction. Um, speaking of [03:21:24] the same direction. Um, speaking of that, Adriana, I'm going to come back to [03:21:26] that, Adriana, I'm going to come back to you and um would love to hear more about [03:21:30] you and um would love to hear more about the [03:21:31] the uh set of national plans and strategies [03:21:35] uh set of national plans and strategies um that are quite impressive that Brazil [03:21:37] um that are quite impressive that Brazil has developed uh and hear a little bit [03:21:40] has developed uh and hear a little bit more about your you know national [03:21:42] more about your you know national experience [03:21:44] experience um and uh to develop and uh developing [03:21:48] um and uh to develop and uh developing these these frameworks and what has the [03:21:51] these these frameworks and what has the process has been I'm sure you have a lot [03:21:53] process has been I'm sure you have a lot to share there in terms of translating [03:21:56] to share there in terms of translating these national plans into into practice. [03:21:59] these national plans into into practice. Um and of course if you could share a [03:22:02] Um and of course if you could share a little bit about your experience on what [03:22:03] little bit about your experience on what what has worked and maybe not so much [03:22:05] what has worked and maybe not so much and you know any lessons learned for the [03:22:07] and you know any lessons learned for the other regions here today. [03:22:10] other regions here today. >> Thank you very much. Um thank you for [03:22:13] >> Thank you very much. Um thank you for this question. I'll try to organize this [03:22:16] this question. I'll try to organize this answer uh based on elements that we [03:22:19] answer uh based on elements that we understood that works or worked for [03:22:23] understood that works or worked for um some uh valuable lessons learned and [03:22:27] um some uh valuable lessons learned and finally uh challenges that we see ahead [03:22:30] finally uh challenges that we see ahead and that are also shared and and and can [03:22:33] and that are also shared and and and can be shared uh by other members. So um as [03:22:37] be shared uh by other members. So um as I briefly noted in the first [03:22:39] I briefly noted in the first intervention, Brazil's experience [03:22:42] intervention, Brazil's experience underscores the importance of a strong [03:22:44] underscores the importance of a strong governance which depends on a [03:22:46] governance which depends on a coordination across multiple ministries [03:22:50] coordination across multiple ministries uh environment, foreign affairs, energy [03:22:52] uh environment, foreign affairs, energy and industry, but also a set of [03:22:55] and industry, but also a set of regulatory agencies, subnational [03:22:57] regulatory agencies, subnational governments and also the private sector. [03:23:01] governments and also the private sector. The absence of a clear governance [03:23:03] The absence of a clear governance structure for industrial transition can [03:23:06] structure for industrial transition can hinder coordinated implementation and [03:23:08] hinder coordinated implementation and limit the ability to respond swiftly to [03:23:11] limit the ability to respond swiftly to emerging bottlenecks. [03:23:13] emerging bottlenecks. Um so I would frame uh our experience as [03:23:17] Um so I would frame uh our experience as I said in three parts and regarding what [03:23:20] I said in three parts and regarding what we we see as elements that work uh I [03:23:24] we we see as elements that work uh I think that sector sectoral planning uh [03:23:27] think that sector sectoral planning uh must be grounded in each country's [03:23:29] must be grounded in each country's specific context allowing national [03:23:31] specific context allowing national priorities to determine how the economy [03:23:33] priorities to determine how the economy can be decarbonized uh based on uh the [03:23:38] can be decarbonized uh based on uh the context and the possibilities of each [03:23:39] context and the possibilities of each country and that includes the pace and [03:23:42] country and that includes the pace and the pathways for each sector um given [03:23:45] the pathways for each sector um given the specific challenge that cannot be [03:23:47] the specific challenge that cannot be efficiently tackled by using approach. [03:23:52] efficiently tackled by using approach. So um in the case of Brazil for example [03:23:55] So um in the case of Brazil for example a great part of our strategy for [03:23:56] a great part of our strategy for decarbonizing industrial sector uh [03:24:00] decarbonizing industrial sector uh considers the specific context regarding [03:24:02] considers the specific context regarding energy. Uh the electric grid the [03:24:05] energy. Uh the electric grid the electric metrics in in Brazil is mostly [03:24:08] electric metrics in in Brazil is mostly renewable already based on hydrop power. [03:24:11] renewable already based on hydrop power. So the decarbonization for the industry [03:24:13] So the decarbonization for the industry could not rely um as much on uh changing [03:24:16] could not rely um as much on uh changing the the energy system on that. Uh so we [03:24:20] the the energy system on that. Uh so we need to uh think about other other [03:24:24] need to uh think about other other processes or other factors of the the [03:24:26] processes or other factors of the the industrial uh production that could be [03:24:29] industrial uh production that could be can be still decarbonized. [03:24:32] can be still decarbonized. Um among the most valuable lessons [03:24:35] Um among the most valuable lessons learned uh I I would stress the [03:24:38] learned uh I I would stress the participation of the productive sectors [03:24:41] participation of the productive sectors in building legitimacy and ensuring [03:24:44] in building legitimacy and ensuring ensuring ownership of this process. Uh I [03:24:47] ensuring ownership of this process. Uh I believe that this point speaks with the [03:24:49] believe that this point speaks with the with Norway's intervention in the first [03:24:52] with Norway's intervention in the first panel uh regarding the project on cement [03:24:55] panel uh regarding the project on cement uh and and CCS. [03:24:58] uh and and CCS. So our institutional arrangement for [03:25:01] So our institutional arrangement for developing the sectoral mitigation plan [03:25:03] developing the sectoral mitigation plan for the industry included in addition of [03:25:06] for the industry included in addition of the several ministries that I already [03:25:08] the several ministries that I already mentioned uh industry associations and [03:25:11] mentioned uh industry associations and civil society organizations. [03:25:13] civil society organizations. Um to this end within the ministry of [03:25:16] Um to this end within the ministry of industry [03:25:18] industry uh a technical committee for lowcarbon [03:25:21] uh a technical committee for lowcarbon industry was created establishing a [03:25:23] industry was created establishing a dedicated working group to ensure that [03:25:26] dedicated working group to ensure that there was continuous engagement between [03:25:29] there was continuous engagement between these uh several industrial sector [03:25:32] these uh several industrial sector associations both in a national level [03:25:35] associations both in a national level and and also in subnational levels. Um [03:25:38] and and also in subnational levels. Um the process also benefits from the [03:25:41] the process also benefits from the involvement of representatives from the [03:25:43] involvement of representatives from the National Council for Industrial [03:25:44] National Council for Industrial Development [03:25:46] Development uh which is not dedicated for green [03:25:49] uh which is not dedicated for green industrialization but that that is [03:25:51] industrialization but that that is already organized as uh a forum for [03:25:55] already organized as uh a forum for dialogue for industrial development. [03:25:58] dialogue for industrial development. This initiative was essential to as I [03:26:00] This initiative was essential to as I noted ensure ownership of the challenges [03:26:03] noted ensure ownership of the challenges but also to create stable channels for [03:26:06] but also to create stable channels for dialogue between the government and the [03:26:08] dialogue between the government and the the private sector. Um and finally [03:26:12] the private sector. Um and finally regarding the challenges that we foresee [03:26:14] regarding the challenges that we foresee ahead uh in this moment of [03:26:16] ahead uh in this moment of implementation, it is important to [03:26:18] implementation, it is important to recognize that there are uncertaintities [03:26:20] recognize that there are uncertaintities associated with the fact that some [03:26:22] associated with the fact that some solution relies on technologies that are [03:26:25] solution relies on technologies that are not yet not yet fully mature or if they [03:26:28] not yet not yet fully mature or if they are mature are hard hard to scale up [03:26:32] are mature are hard hard to scale up because of the capital needed to invest. [03:26:36] because of the capital needed to invest. Um [03:26:38] Um so the effectiveness of the global [03:26:40] so the effectiveness of the global efforts to mitigate uh GG in industry [03:26:44] efforts to mitigate uh GG in industry depends highly on the existence of these [03:26:46] depends highly on the existence of these enabling technologies and financing [03:26:49] enabling technologies and financing financing for research. In this regard [03:26:52] financing for research. In this regard the sharing of technology knowledge and [03:26:54] the sharing of technology knowledge and innovation plays a strategic role in [03:26:57] innovation plays a strategic role in accelerating the transition to lowcarbon [03:26:59] accelerating the transition to lowcarbon production and guarantee that it happens [03:27:02] production and guarantee that it happens in a fair and equitable manner. [03:27:05] in a fair and equitable manner. uh we understand that now developing [03:27:06] uh we understand that now developing countries face uh two possibil two [03:27:09] countries face uh two possibil two possible path two possible ahead for [03:27:12] possible path two possible ahead for their exercising their right to [03:27:14] their exercising their right to development. The first one is by using [03:27:17] development. The first one is by using cheaper available carbon intensive [03:27:19] cheaper available carbon intensive technologies and the second one is by [03:27:22] technologies and the second one is by using less carbon intensive new [03:27:25] using less carbon intensive new technologies. But for the second one to [03:27:28] technologies. But for the second one to be real a a real feasible option, these [03:27:32] be real a a real feasible option, these technologies need to be accessible in [03:27:34] technologies need to be accessible in financial terms uh and when possible fit [03:27:37] financial terms uh and when possible fit for national realities. [03:27:39] for national realities. And with this note, I'd like to recall [03:27:42] And with this note, I'd like to recall that technology transfer for developing [03:27:45] that technology transfer for developing countries is a crucial aspect for [03:27:47] countries is a crucial aspect for enabling the transition in industry. And [03:27:50] enabling the transition in industry. And this is not about charity or about um [03:27:53] this is not about charity or about um cooperation or or favorites. It's about [03:27:56] cooperation or or favorites. It's about a shared goal that we have ahead which [03:27:58] a shared goal that we have ahead which making sustain sustainable development [03:28:00] making sustain sustainable development possible. [03:28:03] possible. Um in some for enabling environment for [03:28:06] Um in some for enabling environment for the transition uh strong regulatory [03:28:09] the transition uh strong regulatory governance and credible national [03:28:10] governance and credible national strategies are fundamental but without [03:28:13] strategies are fundamental but without technology transfer their goals are [03:28:15] technology transfer their goals are limited. [03:28:17] limited. Th international cooperation as already [03:28:19] Th international cooperation as already mentioned here in this panel um is [03:28:22] mentioned here in this panel um is crucial to amplify synergies with [03:28:24] crucial to amplify synergies with national stakeholders sending stronger [03:28:27] national stakeholders sending stronger investment signals and enabling [03:28:29] investment signals and enabling economies of scale thereby reducing [03:28:32] economies of scale thereby reducing costs and accelerating implementation. [03:28:35] costs and accelerating implementation. This may occur through partnerships and [03:28:37] This may occur through partnerships and technical assistance [03:28:39] technical assistance uh facilitated by multilateral bilateral [03:28:41] uh facilitated by multilateral bilateral or dedicated mechanism. So finally with [03:28:45] or dedicated mechanism. So finally with a robust regulatory framework in place [03:28:47] a robust regulatory framework in place that includes the Brazilian investment [03:28:49] that includes the Brazilian investment platform, the new industry plan uh the [03:28:52] platform, the new industry plan uh the carbon market national system and the [03:28:54] carbon market national system and the climate plan, Brazil is now more than [03:28:56] climate plan, Brazil is now more than ready uh more than ever ready to [03:28:59] ready uh more than ever ready to cooperate and scale up the [03:29:01] cooperate and scale up the implementation of technologies that we [03:29:02] implementation of technologies that we need to move forward uh toward a [03:29:04] need to move forward uh toward a sustainable development. Thank you. [03:29:09] sustainable development. Thank you. >> Thanks so much Adriana. Um yeah, it [03:29:12] >> Thanks so much Adriana. Um yeah, it sounds like um you know there's a lot on [03:29:15] sounds like um you know there's a lot on institutional coordination but also [03:29:18] institutional coordination but also sounds like um [03:29:21] sounds like um uh technology transfer and uh the [03:29:24] uh technology transfer and uh the delivery of capacity and of course [03:29:26] delivery of capacity and of course international cooperation are just as [03:29:28] international cooperation are just as critical as national plans. Um um Leon, [03:29:33] critical as national plans. Um um Leon, let's let's go back to to finance. um [03:29:36] let's let's go back to to finance. um carbon markets and carbon pricing are [03:29:38] carbon markets and carbon pricing are increasingly part of the env enabling [03:29:41] increasingly part of the env enabling environment for industrial [03:29:42] environment for industrial decarbonization [03:29:44] decarbonization um as financing tools but also policy [03:29:47] um as financing tools but also policy incentives. Um can you tell us from from [03:29:50] incentives. Um can you tell us from from your experience with um working in with [03:29:53] your experience with um working in with industrial actors and and governments? [03:29:56] industrial actors and and governments? Um what does that reveals about how [03:29:59] Um what does that reveals about how market mark carbon markets are actually [03:30:01] market mark carbon markets are actually functioning in practice as an enabler? [03:30:07] >> Uh well that's a very rich question and [03:30:10] >> Uh well that's a very rich question and I like how the previous uh presenters [03:30:12] I like how the previous uh presenters organized their responses [03:30:14] organized their responses systematically. So I'm I'm going to try [03:30:15] systematically. So I'm I'm going to try to answer in five parts in five minutes [03:30:18] to answer in five parts in five minutes um and and uh hopefully the message [03:30:21] um and and uh hopefully the message becomes a bit clearer. The the the first [03:30:23] becomes a bit clearer. The the the first part uh is from our experience at South [03:30:27] part uh is from our experience at South Pole, carbon finance is needed as a [03:30:31] Pole, carbon finance is needed as a complimentary financing tool to public [03:30:34] complimentary financing tool to public finance and private finance uh because [03:30:37] finance and private finance uh because of unique characteristics that it has um [03:30:40] of unique characteristics that it has um particularly that it is uniquely [03:30:41] particularly that it is uniquely resilient uh fit for purpose and [03:30:44] resilient uh fit for purpose and scalable. So that's that's point one [03:30:47] scalable. So that's that's point one that that we've observed that carbon [03:30:48] that that we've observed that carbon finance is a necessary complimentary [03:30:50] finance is a necessary complimentary financing tool to public and private [03:30:51] financing tool to public and private finance. Uh the second point that I'll [03:30:53] finance. Uh the second point that I'll touch on is that um as many in the room [03:30:57] touch on is that um as many in the room will know uh as policy makers carbon [03:31:00] will know uh as policy makers carbon markets are growing and maturing uh over [03:31:03] markets are growing and maturing uh over the past few years particularly in [03:31:05] the past few years particularly in compliance markets under article six and [03:31:08] compliance markets under article six and corsa and that is driving growing demand [03:31:11] corsa and that is driving growing demand for carbon credits uh which in turn [03:31:13] for carbon credits uh which in turn means a growing source of finance for [03:31:15] means a growing source of finance for industrial decarbonization. So point two [03:31:18] industrial decarbonization. So point two is that carbon finance is growing and [03:31:20] is that carbon finance is growing and maturing. [03:31:22] maturing. Point three that I will touch on is that [03:31:24] Point three that I will touch on is that uh carbon finance is actually [03:31:27] uh carbon finance is actually established as a carbon financing tool [03:31:29] established as a carbon financing tool for industrial decarbonization and and [03:31:31] for industrial decarbonization and and that may be I've observed that it's [03:31:32] that may be I've observed that it's quite that may be a surprise to some [03:31:34] quite that may be a surprise to some people in the room. Uh but it is [03:31:36] people in the room. Uh but it is established uh particularly in cement. [03:31:39] established uh particularly in cement. um but it needs to increase in scope to [03:31:41] um but it needs to increase in scope to other industrial sectors beyond cement [03:31:44] other industrial sectors beyond cement like steel hydrogen um and also needs to [03:31:47] like steel hydrogen um and also needs to increase in scale and I'll talk about [03:31:49] increase in scale and I'll talk about some projects uh later [03:31:52] some projects uh later and then four point is uh I'll talk [03:31:53] and then four point is uh I'll talk touch on three challenges that uh we've [03:31:56] touch on three challenges that uh we've observed at South Pole about um that's [03:31:58] observed at South Pole about um that's preventing carbon finance from being [03:32:00] preventing carbon finance from being unlocked for industrial decarb [03:32:01] unlocked for industrial decarb particularly awareness uh methodology [03:32:04] particularly awareness uh methodology readiness and carbon and um the need for [03:32:07] readiness and carbon and um the need for blended financing tools tools um beyond [03:32:09] blended financing tools tools um beyond just carbon uh and integrating public [03:32:11] just carbon uh and integrating public and p and private financing sources as [03:32:13] and p and private financing sources as well. And then in response to these [03:32:15] well. And then in response to these three challenges, some just three [03:32:18] three challenges, some just three corresponding lessons um that we can [03:32:20] corresponding lessons um that we can take away uh to to to accelerate climate [03:32:23] take away uh to to to accelerate climate action. Okay, so those are the five [03:32:25] action. Okay, so those are the five messages. Um first on observation that [03:32:28] messages. Um first on observation that carbon finance is needed. Um just to [03:32:30] carbon finance is needed. Um just to level set on the size of the problem, [03:32:33] level set on the size of the problem, right? Uh the climate policy initiative [03:32:35] right? Uh the climate policy initiative published a study last year showing that [03:32:38] published a study last year showing that there is a gap of $550 billion a year um [03:32:43] there is a gap of $550 billion a year um in necessary uh financing for industrial [03:32:46] in necessary uh financing for industrial decarbonization. Uh um and it only [03:32:49] decarbonization. Uh um and it only received 27 billion in the year 2023. So [03:32:52] received 27 billion in the year 2023. So that's the scale of the challenge that [03:32:54] that's the scale of the challenge that we face. Um and I think our observation [03:32:57] we face. Um and I think our observation is between public, private and carbon [03:33:00] is between public, private and carbon financing, carbon finance can play a [03:33:02] financing, carbon finance can play a unique role um uh in complementing the [03:33:05] unique role um uh in complementing the other two streams of finance. First I [03:33:08] other two streams of finance. First I think it's it's particularly resilient. [03:33:10] think it's it's particularly resilient. Uh we've seen in the last few months and [03:33:12] Uh we've seen in the last few months and years that public investment in the form [03:33:14] years that public investment in the form of policy support uh in the form of [03:33:16] of policy support uh in the form of overseas development assistance can [03:33:19] overseas development assistance can change with political winds um and [03:33:22] change with political winds um and competing priorities. And then same with [03:33:25] competing priorities. And then same with private finance. Uh that can also change [03:33:27] private finance. Uh that can also change with competing opportunities for [03:33:29] with competing opportunities for investment. Um and it may not always go [03:33:31] investment. Um and it may not always go to climate where it is urgently needed. [03:33:35] to climate where it is urgently needed. But carbon finance and in particular the [03:33:37] But carbon finance and in particular the growing compliance carbon markets is [03:33:40] growing compliance carbon markets is resilient by design against this [03:33:42] resilient by design against this shifting priorities and competing [03:33:44] shifting priorities and competing interests because it is built on the [03:33:46] interests because it is built on the foundation of pricing in the negative [03:33:48] foundation of pricing in the negative externality of carbon emissions. [03:33:51] externality of carbon emissions. The second is that we've observed that [03:33:52] The second is that we've observed that carbon finance is quite fit for purpose [03:33:54] carbon finance is quite fit for purpose for the stage of development um where [03:33:56] for the stage of development um where industrial decoup solutions are at. [03:33:58] industrial decoup solutions are at. Right? So what I mean by this is in [03:34:02] Right? So what I mean by this is in public finance and and public investment [03:34:04] public finance and and public investment that often catalyzes early development [03:34:06] that often catalyzes early development of technologies um maybe a TRL level of [03:34:09] of technologies um maybe a TRL level of one to five whereas private finance [03:34:12] one to five whereas private finance looks for d-risk investment [03:34:14] looks for d-risk investment opportunities where the return is a bit [03:34:15] opportunities where the return is a bit clearer uh and where scale has been [03:34:18] clearer uh and where scale has been demonstrated. So a TRL level of 809 but [03:34:22] demonstrated. So a TRL level of 809 but we see a lot of industrial decoup [03:34:23] we see a lot of industrial decoup technologies across cement steel and [03:34:25] technologies across cement steel and hydrogen stuck at the TRL 6 7 and 8 [03:34:30] hydrogen stuck at the TRL 6 7 and 8 levels and this is where we think um [03:34:32] levels and this is where we think um climate carbon finance can play a [03:34:35] climate carbon finance can play a significant role and that's because [03:34:38] significant role and that's because increasingly compliance carbon market [03:34:40] increasingly compliance carbon market buyers are looking for volume and scale [03:34:42] buyers are looking for volume and scale which means that projects need to [03:34:44] which means that projects need to demonstrate their technical scalability [03:34:47] demonstrate their technical scalability but to access carbon Finance as many of [03:34:49] but to access carbon Finance as many of us will know you need to demonstrate [03:34:51] us will know you need to demonstrate financial additionality. Basically your [03:34:53] financial additionality. Basically your solutions need to be technically viable [03:34:55] solutions need to be technically viable already but commercially unviable and [03:34:58] already but commercially unviable and that's what we call in carbon market [03:35:01] that's what we call in carbon market parliament financial additionality right [03:35:03] parliament financial additionality right and that's that precisely describes [03:35:05] and that's that precisely describes technologies at the stage of TRL level [03:35:07] technologies at the stage of TRL level uh six seven and eight where carbon [03:35:10] uh six seven and eight where carbon finance can play this fitfor-purpose [03:35:12] finance can play this fitfor-purpose role and finally because it is a market [03:35:15] role and finally because it is a market mechanism we see carbon finance more uh [03:35:17] mechanism we see carbon finance more uh perhaps even more so than public or [03:35:19] perhaps even more so than public or private finance as being particularly [03:35:20] private finance as being particularly scalable um once the market mechanisms [03:35:23] scalable um once the market mechanisms kick in and are well functioning um and [03:35:25] kick in and are well functioning um and and and that's that's to my next point [03:35:27] and and that's that's to my next point uh second point that carbon markets are [03:35:29] uh second point that carbon markets are growing and maturing. So just a few [03:35:33] growing and maturing. So just a few points here that we see three broad [03:35:36] points here that we see three broad trends in uh compliance carbon markets [03:35:39] trends in uh compliance carbon markets um that are lead that's leading to [03:35:40] um that are lead that's leading to growing demand for such credits. The [03:35:43] growing demand for such credits. The first is um that countries are [03:35:45] first is um that countries are continuing to raise their climate [03:35:46] continuing to raise their climate ambition um and that's that many of the [03:35:48] ambition um and that's that many of the delegates and representatives here uh [03:35:50] delegates and representatives here uh who can speak to that um which means [03:35:52] who can speak to that um which means that there will be more credit demand [03:35:54] that there will be more credit demand under article six to fulfill uh NDC's. [03:35:57] under article six to fulfill uh NDC's. The second is that more countries are [03:35:59] The second is that more countries are implementing carbon pricing schemes. So [03:36:02] implementing carbon pricing schemes. So there are currently 80 carbon pricing [03:36:03] there are currently 80 carbon pricing instruments globally up from 75 in 2024 [03:36:07] instruments globally up from 75 in 2024 uh including 37 emissions trading [03:36:09] uh including 37 emissions trading schemes and 43 uh carbon tax uh systems [03:36:13] schemes and 43 uh carbon tax uh systems and that covers 28% of global emissions. [03:36:16] and that covers 28% of global emissions. What's notable on the carbon pricing [03:36:18] What's notable on the carbon pricing schemes is that we are seeing them um [03:36:20] schemes is that we are seeing them um expand to cover industrial [03:36:21] expand to cover industrial decarbonization. So Europe's ETS is [03:36:24] decarbonization. So Europe's ETS is expanding to cover maritime buildings [03:36:26] expanding to cover maritime buildings and road transport. uh China's ETSs is [03:36:29] and road transport. uh China's ETSs is has recently been expanded to cover [03:36:31] has recently been expanded to cover industrial sectors of cement, steel and [03:36:33] industrial sectors of cement, steel and aluminium. And in Asia specifically [03:36:36] aluminium. And in Asia specifically where my work focuses, we see India, [03:36:38] where my work focuses, we see India, Indonesia implementing their ETSs and [03:36:40] Indonesia implementing their ETSs and Vietnam piloting theirs uh recently. [03:36:44] Vietnam piloting theirs uh recently. The second and the the the the third [03:36:47] The second and the the the the third trend that is leading to growing demand [03:36:49] trend that is leading to growing demand for compliance carbon uh credits and [03:36:51] for compliance carbon uh credits and hence increasing carbon finance uh is an [03:36:54] hence increasing carbon finance uh is an important one which is the integration [03:36:55] important one which is the integration between carbon markets and these carbon [03:36:58] between carbon markets and these carbon pricing schemes. Um so for example the [03:37:01] pricing schemes. Um so for example the EU um now allows a contribution towards [03:37:03] EU um now allows a contribution towards the 2040 climate target of high quality [03:37:05] the 2040 climate target of high quality international credits under article 6 of [03:37:08] international credits under article 6 of up to 5% uh of the 1990 EU net [03:37:11] up to 5% uh of the 1990 EU net emissions. Another example of this [03:37:13] emissions. Another example of this integration between carbon markets and [03:37:16] integration between carbon markets and carbon pricing schemes is Singapore [03:37:18] carbon pricing schemes is Singapore allowing for the use of international [03:37:20] allowing for the use of international carbon credits um by carbon tax viable [03:37:23] carbon credits um by carbon tax viable companies based in Singapore for again [03:37:25] companies based in Singapore for again um up to to offset up to 5% of their [03:37:27] um up to to offset up to 5% of their carbon tax obligation. Uh more recently [03:37:30] carbon tax obligation. Uh more recently we've seen China um release uh certain [03:37:34] we've seen China um release uh certain statements around um the adoption of [03:37:36] statements around um the adoption of rules for international carbon trade uh [03:37:38] rules for international carbon trade uh that will come out in 2026 and we are [03:37:40] that will come out in 2026 and we are actively on the lookout for that as [03:37:42] actively on the lookout for that as potentially another demand source for [03:37:43] potentially another demand source for international carbon credits. Um and we [03:37:46] international carbon credits. Um and we know the uh scale of emissions in China [03:37:48] know the uh scale of emissions in China and so what that might mean for a source [03:37:50] and so what that might mean for a source of demand. [03:37:52] of demand. Um and finally uh the EU CBAM is [03:37:55] Um and finally uh the EU CBAM is entering its operationalization phase. [03:37:58] entering its operationalization phase. Um and there are discussions around uh [03:38:00] Um and there are discussions around uh the use of highquality uh compliance [03:38:03] the use of highquality uh compliance common credits uh to offset certain uh [03:38:06] common credits uh to offset certain uh CBM liabilities and obligations as well. [03:38:10] CBM liabilities and obligations as well. And finally on demand um growing uh [03:38:13] And finally on demand um growing uh Corsa is uh implement it's it's it's [03:38:16] Corsa is uh implement it's it's it's maturing um and that's the um offsetting [03:38:19] maturing um and that's the um offsetting scheme for the aviation sector and we [03:38:22] scheme for the aviation sector and we expect that to create a demand for [03:38:24] expect that to create a demand for credits between 105 and 236 million tons [03:38:27] credits between 105 and 236 million tons of CO2 uh over the next few years. [03:38:31] of CO2 uh over the next few years. So all of this means basically a growing [03:38:33] So all of this means basically a growing source of carbon finance. Um and South [03:38:36] source of carbon finance. Um and South Pole's uh estimates and market studies [03:38:38] Pole's uh estimates and market studies show that uh we are looking at um [03:38:41] show that uh we are looking at um between 1.4 uh around 1.4 gigatons a [03:38:45] between 1.4 uh around 1.4 gigatons a year by 2030 um and by 2050 uh up to 8.2 [03:38:50] year by 2030 um and by 2050 uh up to 8.2 gigatons in demand for credits and that [03:38:52] gigatons in demand for credits and that just represents tens to hundreds of [03:38:54] just represents tens to hundreds of billions to plug that 550 billion [03:38:56] billions to plug that 550 billion financing gap that I mentioned earlier. [03:38:58] financing gap that I mentioned earlier. Um and finally on this second point uh [03:39:01] Um and finally on this second point uh we see article six partnerships growing [03:39:04] we see article six partnerships growing um and they are starting to add [03:39:05] um and they are starting to add industrial decoup technologies to their [03:39:07] industrial decoup technologies to their article 6 white list. So there 176 [03:39:10] article 6 white list. So there 176 bilateral agreements between buyer and [03:39:12] bilateral agreements between buyer and uh host countries under article 6 at the [03:39:15] uh host countries under article 6 at the moment between 53 seller countries or [03:39:17] moment between 53 seller countries or host countries and 11 buyer countries. [03:39:20] host countries and 11 buyer countries. Um and just as an example, Singapore's [03:39:23] Um and just as an example, Singapore's uh implementation agreements with [03:39:24] uh implementation agreements with Thailand and Vietnam, for instance, [03:39:26] Thailand and Vietnam, for instance, specify the use of uh or the eligibility [03:39:29] specify the use of uh or the eligibility of methodologies in cement and concrete [03:39:31] of methodologies in cement and concrete production um for the generation and [03:39:34] production um for the generation and sale of uh compliance credits. [03:39:37] sale of uh compliance credits. Um my third point is that actually it's [03:39:39] Um my third point is that actually it's established uh the use of carbon credits [03:39:41] established uh the use of carbon credits and carbon finance. Um and I know we're [03:39:44] and carbon finance. Um and I know we're short on time, so I I'll just speak [03:39:45] short on time, so I I'll just speak briefly on this. Um we've seen fuel [03:39:48] briefly on this. Um we've seen fuel switching technologies in cement [03:39:50] switching technologies in cement generating a lot of credits. There are [03:39:51] generating a lot of credits. There are more than 100 projects on this front. Um [03:39:53] more than 100 projects on this front. Um in Korea um a steel plant by Hyundai has [03:39:57] in Korea um a steel plant by Hyundai has uh generated credits from um energy [03:39:59] uh generated credits from um energy efficiency and waste gas the use of [03:40:01] efficiency and waste gas the use of waste gas and at Southpole we've been [03:40:03] waste gas and at Southpole we've been involved in a carbon crediting project [03:40:05] involved in a carbon crediting project for the CO2 injection into cement uh [03:40:07] for the CO2 injection into cement uh with a company called carbon cure. But [03:40:11] with a company called carbon cure. But we think this needs to increase in [03:40:13] we think this needs to increase in scope. Um so carbon finance has been [03:40:14] scope. Um so carbon finance has been used mainly in cement as I mentioned. Um [03:40:17] used mainly in cement as I mentioned. Um at ACE uh we're trying to see how it can [03:40:19] at ACE uh we're trying to see how it can be unlocked for other industrial [03:40:20] be unlocked for other industrial sectors. So in the power sector uh we've [03:40:23] sectors. So in the power sector uh we've developed a carbon methodology for the [03:40:25] developed a carbon methodology for the early decommissioning of coal fired [03:40:27] early decommissioning of coal fired power plants. Um and there's a pilot [03:40:28] power plants. Um and there's a pilot project ongoing in the Philippines right [03:40:30] project ongoing in the Philippines right now. We are developing carbon [03:40:32] now. We are developing carbon methodologies and projects in hydrogen. [03:40:34] methodologies and projects in hydrogen. Uh so um to my colleagues in UNIDO we [03:40:36] Uh so um to my colleagues in UNIDO we spoke earlier we've signed a joint [03:40:37] spoke earlier we've signed a joint declaration agreement to explore how [03:40:39] declaration agreement to explore how carbon markets can be used to accelerate [03:40:41] carbon markets can be used to accelerate green hydrogen development um and we are [03:40:44] green hydrogen development um and we are working with a number of South uh [03:40:45] working with a number of South uh Southeast Asian uh countries to explore [03:40:48] Southeast Asian uh countries to explore the first carbon projects for green [03:40:50] the first carbon projects for green hydrogen and happy to take questions on [03:40:52] hydrogen and happy to take questions on that later. [03:40:54] that later. The three challenges that we see are one [03:40:56] The three challenges that we see are one awareness two methodology and three [03:40:58] awareness two methodology and three finance. um on awareness. A lot of [03:41:01] finance. um on awareness. A lot of industrial companies that we speak to [03:41:02] industrial companies that we speak to today um do not know that carbon finance [03:41:05] today um do not know that carbon finance is a source of additional revenue for [03:41:07] is a source of additional revenue for them and that's a gap that we need to [03:41:09] them and that's a gap that we need to plug urgently. Uh second is a lot there [03:41:12] plug urgently. Uh second is a lot there are a lot of cement methodologies um [03:41:14] are a lot of cement methodologies um registered under international standards [03:41:16] registered under international standards uh but not enough around other [03:41:18] uh but not enough around other industrial sectors in particular steel [03:41:20] industrial sectors in particular steel um and hydrogen. And finally on finance, [03:41:24] um and hydrogen. And finally on finance, we've seen that often times especially [03:41:26] we've seen that often times especially at industrial scale um carbon finance [03:41:29] at industrial scale um carbon finance may not be sufficient um where you may [03:41:31] may not be sufficient um where you may require a carbon price of more than $100 [03:41:34] require a carbon price of more than $100 per ton and the demand for that at this [03:41:36] per ton and the demand for that at this point may be a bit low and so there may [03:41:38] point may be a bit low and so there may be a need for blended financing [03:41:39] be a need for blended financing mechanisms um to help bridge that gap. [03:41:44] mechanisms um to help bridge that gap. Lastly on lessons um I think for article [03:41:49] Lastly on lessons um I think for article six host countries um there are [03:41:52] six host countries um there are potentially three things to do to start [03:41:54] potentially three things to do to start tapping on carbon markets and carbon [03:41:56] tapping on carbon markets and carbon finance as a source of financing for [03:41:58] finance as a source of financing for industrial decarb. The first is to [03:42:00] industrial decarb. The first is to synergize national road maps with your [03:42:04] synergize national road maps with your carbon market frameworks. Um and we [03:42:08] carbon market frameworks. Um and we heard Brazil talk about this earlier. Um [03:42:10] heard Brazil talk about this earlier. Um but I think a lot more can be done uh [03:42:12] but I think a lot more can be done uh globally uh by host countries around [03:42:14] globally uh by host countries around this. Um right now there are silos [03:42:16] this. Um right now there are silos around the teams and ministries that [03:42:18] around the teams and ministries that develop industrial decarb road mapaps [03:42:20] develop industrial decarb road mapaps and the teams that develop carbon market [03:42:22] and the teams that develop carbon market policies and frameworks. Uh the second [03:42:24] policies and frameworks. Uh the second is to engage industry. Um and so I was [03:42:26] is to engage industry. Um and so I was just speaking to uh a colleague and [03:42:28] just speaking to uh a colleague and representative from the Dominican [03:42:29] representative from the Dominican Republic earlier and how they are [03:42:31] Republic earlier and how they are engaging um the cement sector and [03:42:34] engaging um the cement sector and industry associations there um to bridge [03:42:36] industry associations there um to bridge that awareness gap that I mentioned and [03:42:37] that awareness gap that I mentioned and I think that's extremely critical. And [03:42:40] I think that's extremely critical. And the third would be to consider adding um [03:42:44] the third would be to consider adding um carbon methodologies by international [03:42:46] carbon methodologies by international standards uh into article 6 white lists. [03:42:50] standards uh into article 6 white lists. Um and I'm happy to talk about that uh [03:42:52] Um and I'm happy to talk about that uh later as well. For article six buyer [03:42:55] later as well. For article six buyer countries, I think what can be done on [03:42:57] countries, I think what can be done on this front is to consider um how your [03:42:59] this front is to consider um how your procurement strategies for credits could [03:43:02] procurement strategies for credits could accelerate industrial decarb in your [03:43:04] accelerate industrial decarb in your partner host countries under article [03:43:05] partner host countries under article six. Um but additionally how that might [03:43:08] six. Um but additionally how that might this might be a potential avenue and [03:43:10] this might be a potential avenue and channel for tech transfer um for some of [03:43:13] channel for tech transfer um for some of these solutions um that uh bio countries [03:43:16] these solutions um that uh bio countries have. And finally, I think there's quite [03:43:19] have. And finally, I think there's quite a bit of work to be done to demonstrate [03:43:20] a bit of work to be done to demonstrate how blended financing uh can work for [03:43:23] how blended financing uh can work for industrial decarbonization. Um a project [03:43:26] industrial decarbonization. Um a project example that we have uh is um in [03:43:30] example that we have uh is um in hydrogen, we've seen that the carbon [03:43:32] hydrogen, we've seen that the carbon price for credits may not be high [03:43:34] price for credits may not be high enough. Uh but we've seen that because [03:43:35] enough. Uh but we've seen that because of carbon revenue, you could bring in [03:43:38] of carbon revenue, you could bring in concessional loans uh lower interest [03:43:40] concessional loans uh lower interest rate loans um to increase uh the [03:43:44] rate loans um to increase uh the financial viability of a hydrogen [03:43:45] financial viability of a hydrogen project. And so we need to explore a bit [03:43:47] project. And so we need to explore a bit more of those uh financing mechanisms. I [03:43:50] more of those uh financing mechanisms. I haven't kept I haven't kept the five [03:43:51] haven't kept I haven't kept the five minutes. Apologies for that. Uh but [03:43:52] minutes. Apologies for that. Uh but happy to take questions later. Thank [03:43:54] happy to take questions later. Thank you. [03:43:58] >> Thank you, Leon. Um I thought that was [03:44:00] >> Thank you, Leon. Um I thought that was was quite systematic as well. So um but [03:44:05] was quite systematic as well. So um but as you said, we're a little bit uh short [03:44:07] as you said, we're a little bit uh short on time. So um I'm going to give the [03:44:10] on time. So um I'm going to give the microphone to Dingan uh who is uh who's [03:44:13] microphone to Dingan uh who is uh who's online. Um, Dingana, if you could talk a [03:44:17] online. Um, Dingana, if you could talk a little bit about your experience working [03:44:19] little bit about your experience working particularly with the business community [03:44:22] particularly with the business community uh in the broader in Zimbabwe but also [03:44:24] uh in the broader in Zimbabwe but also the broader African context. Um would [03:44:28] the broader African context. Um would love to hear more about what has proven [03:44:30] love to hear more about what has proven effective and enabling businesses to to [03:44:33] effective and enabling businesses to to access and implement circular economy [03:44:37] access and implement circular economy and other industrial decarbonization [03:44:39] and other industrial decarbonization approaches and practice. [03:44:44] >> Thank you. Thank you moderator for the [03:44:47] >> Thank you. Thank you moderator for the uh question. So I will speak directly to [03:44:51] uh question. So I will speak directly to our experience in working with [03:44:52] our experience in working with Zimbabwean businesses and also [03:44:56] Zimbabwean businesses and also colleagues in the region over the past [03:44:58] colleagues in the region over the past three decades. I will start to speak to [03:45:02] three decades. I will start to speak to the point of what has proven effective. [03:45:06] the point of what has proven effective. Um I I have identified four points. The [03:45:11] Um I I have identified four points. The first one is [03:45:13] first one is basing decision action [03:45:17] basing decision action um and also MRV systems on evidence [03:45:22] um and also MRV systems on evidence in what we do. We always make sure that [03:45:24] in what we do. We always make sure that it's anchored on evidence and evidence [03:45:28] it's anchored on evidence and evidence that is supported by numbers. [03:45:31] that is supported by numbers. So we have conducted since 2018 uh [03:45:36] So we have conducted since 2018 uh several energy audits, water audits, [03:45:40] several energy audits, water audits, waste audits and hydro [03:45:42] waste audits and hydro chlorofluorocarbon audits and these then [03:45:47] chlorofluorocarbon audits and these then shape the priority areas for action at [03:45:51] shape the priority areas for action at enterprise level and also for [03:45:54] enterprise level and also for coordination at the secretariat level [03:45:57] coordination at the secretariat level where I operate from. So the evidence [03:46:00] where I operate from. So the evidence then comes where we then realize that [03:46:03] then comes where we then realize that some organizations may then prioritize [03:46:07] some organizations may then prioritize solar PV, others prioritize [03:46:11] solar PV, others prioritize uh bio energy. We have had organizations [03:46:16] uh bio energy. We have had organizations that have constructed bio gas, others [03:46:18] that have constructed bio gas, others constructing rooftop solar and this is [03:46:21] constructing rooftop solar and this is evidence [03:46:23] evidence uh from the work that you have done in [03:46:26] uh from the work that you have done in terms of baselines and also sharing. So [03:46:28] terms of baselines and also sharing. So the first point is basing decision [03:46:32] the first point is basing decision action and also every MRV aspect on [03:46:38] action and also every MRV aspect on primarily gathered evidence. Then the [03:46:41] primarily gathered evidence. Then the second point is stakeholder engagement. [03:46:45] second point is stakeholder engagement. It helps and has proven to be quite [03:46:48] It helps and has proven to be quite effective to always engage stakeholders [03:46:51] effective to always engage stakeholders at every stage of programming, scoping, [03:46:54] at every stage of programming, scoping, validation and even implementation. [03:46:58] validation and even implementation. So we coordinate scoping workshops [03:47:02] So we coordinate scoping workshops before we then develop a program or a [03:47:06] before we then develop a program or a project through to validation of the [03:47:09] project through to validation of the plans and also of the actions [03:47:12] plans and also of the actions themselves. [03:47:13] themselves. So we actively involve and we have [03:47:16] So we actively involve and we have technical committees which also act as [03:47:19] technical committees which also act as some nuclear for these collaborative [03:47:22] some nuclear for these collaborative initiatives [03:47:24] initiatives where there are focused discussions to [03:47:27] where there are focused discussions to engage stakeholders and also make sure [03:47:30] engage stakeholders and also make sure that our action is coordinated and they [03:47:33] that our action is coordinated and they are also necessary complimentarities [03:47:36] are also necessary complimentarities not conflictions or competitions and [03:47:39] not conflictions or competitions and crowding out of some events. Then the [03:47:42] crowding out of some events. Then the third point [03:47:44] third point uh what we have also seen working is [03:47:46] uh what we have also seen working is peer learning. We rely so much on [03:47:50] peer learning. We rely so much on benchmarking visits field days where we [03:47:55] benchmarking visits field days where we work and take our members [03:47:58] work and take our members through learning by seeing experiences. [03:48:03] through learning by seeing experiences. For example, we have taken them through [03:48:05] For example, we have taken them through some IP projects on solar PV, some waste [03:48:11] some IP projects on solar PV, some waste recycling on plastics and we do this [03:48:14] recycling on plastics and we do this also as we commemorate significant days [03:48:16] also as we commemorate significant days like world environment days, earth days [03:48:19] like world environment days, earth days where they learn from those who have [03:48:22] where they learn from those who have gone through the journey what they can [03:48:25] gone through the journey what they can also implement and what possibly cannot [03:48:28] also implement and what possibly cannot work. And this we have seen again [03:48:32] work. And this we have seen again producing very tangible results. And you [03:48:35] producing very tangible results. And you realize that the action then will not be [03:48:37] realize that the action then will not be driven necessarily not necessarily by [03:48:39] driven necessarily not necessarily by regulation but actually by learning what [03:48:43] regulation but actually by learning what other organization what other enterprise [03:48:45] other organization what other enterprise has done which has worked and is proving [03:48:48] has done which has worked and is proving to be relevant to the business and [03:48:50] to be relevant to the business and thereby offering business solutions to [03:48:53] thereby offering business solutions to some sustainability challenges facing [03:48:55] some sustainability challenges facing the private sector. Then the last point [03:48:58] the private sector. Then the last point I want to speak to in terms of what we [03:49:01] I want to speak to in terms of what we have seen working is the issue of [03:49:02] have seen working is the issue of bundling demand. [03:49:05] bundling demand. Certainly because enterprises have [03:49:06] Certainly because enterprises have different uh of different sizes, they [03:49:09] different uh of different sizes, they have different challenges, capabilities. [03:49:12] have different challenges, capabilities. What we have done is to bundle demand [03:49:16] What we have done is to bundle demand and then identify those common needs and [03:49:20] and then identify those common needs and through that we have managed to access [03:49:22] through that we have managed to access some funding windows for example the [03:49:24] some funding windows for example the climate technology uh center network [03:49:27] climate technology uh center network funding for energy efficience. uh we [03:49:30] funding for energy efficience. uh we have also managed to get funding from [03:49:32] have also managed to get funding from UNDP for energy, water, waste and HFC [03:49:36] UNDP for energy, water, waste and HFC audits as well as organizations like [03:49:39] audits as well as organizations like even commerce when we come together and [03:49:42] even commerce when we come together and then we demonstrate the compelling cases [03:49:46] then we demonstrate the compelling cases and then that has worked. So bundling [03:49:48] and then that has worked. So bundling demand ensures that the economies of [03:49:51] demand ensures that the economies of scale can justify investments especially [03:49:54] scale can justify investments especially to those who are willing to assist. [03:49:56] to those who are willing to assist. uh in terms of barriers I will speak to [03:50:00] uh in terms of barriers I will speak to uh possibly three yes finance [03:50:04] uh possibly three yes finance finance from the availability of the [03:50:06] finance from the availability of the funds and also finance from the tenure [03:50:09] funds and also finance from the tenure of it our local banks generally they [03:50:13] of it our local banks generally they focus on short-term loans [03:50:16] focus on short-term loans and this is not generally suitable for [03:50:19] and this is not generally suitable for the kind of project sometimes that we [03:50:21] the kind of project sometimes that we are looking at for industry of course [03:50:24] are looking at for industry of course not also mentioning the cost of the [03:50:26] not also mentioning the cost of the funding itself [03:50:28] funding itself and from the perspective of the [03:50:31] and from the perspective of the financial institutions there are also [03:50:32] financial institutions there are also the issues of high risk. Uh if we look [03:50:35] the issues of high risk. Uh if we look at what is the industry is capable of of [03:50:40] at what is the industry is capable of of actually offering in terms of security. [03:50:43] actually offering in terms of security. So the issues to do with finance [03:50:45] So the issues to do with finance structuring its availability and also [03:50:48] structuring its availability and also the cost of finance really come to the [03:50:50] the cost of finance really come to the four as some of the key issues [03:50:53] four as some of the key issues and then the technology issue I will [03:50:56] and then the technology issue I will look at it obviously from a dual [03:50:58] look at it obviously from a dual challenge. [03:51:00] challenge. The one that is related to finance but [03:51:03] The one that is related to finance but also the other that is related to the [03:51:05] also the other that is related to the availability of some of the [03:51:07] availability of some of the technologies. [03:51:08] technologies. We find that some of the technologies [03:51:10] We find that some of the technologies are not locally made. So we have to [03:51:14] are not locally made. So we have to access them from those who have [03:51:16] access them from those who have developed the over [03:51:19] developed the over equipment original equipment [03:51:20] equipment original equipment manufacturers [03:51:22] manufacturers and also uh in some instances the backup [03:51:25] and also uh in some instances the backup itself sometimes the technology is [03:51:27] itself sometimes the technology is procured but when it breaks down we have [03:51:30] procured but when it breaks down we have actually a case of one organization that [03:51:33] actually a case of one organization that acquired some converters for solar PV a [03:51:37] acquired some converters for solar PV a utility scale and after breaking down [03:51:40] utility scale and after breaking down the technology provider indicated that [03:51:42] the technology provider indicated that they were no longer are supporting [03:51:43] they were no longer are supporting Africa. So now they are stuck with the [03:51:45] Africa. So now they are stuck with the technology and they have to obviously [03:51:49] technology and they have to obviously switch and then bear the cost of [03:51:50] switch and then bear the cost of switching to another technology after [03:51:53] switching to another technology after outlay. Then lastly the issue of [03:51:55] outlay. Then lastly the issue of capacity capacity of institutions, [03:51:58] capacity capacity of institutions, capacity of individuals also for [03:52:01] capacity of individuals also for circular economy and decarbonization [03:52:03] circular economy and decarbonization we are seeing it being another [03:52:05] we are seeing it being another constraint. [03:52:07] constraint. uh the issue of energy managers, energy [03:52:10] uh the issue of energy managers, energy auditors, circular economy practitioners [03:52:13] auditors, circular economy practitioners in the real sense and even ability then [03:52:16] in the real sense and even ability then to conduct these baselines that we are [03:52:18] to conduct these baselines that we are talking about which has led to us [03:52:21] talking about which has led to us coordinating and also supporting [03:52:22] coordinating and also supporting enterprises [03:52:24] enterprises and then finally what can possibly help [03:52:29] and then finally what can possibly help from again the experience and we submit [03:52:31] from again the experience and we submit that this can certainly help the issue [03:52:33] that this can certainly help the issue of non-financial incentives [03:52:36] of non-financial incentives for example In cases where some projects [03:52:39] for example In cases where some projects have been accorded national project [03:52:41] have been accorded national project status which ensures that the regulatory [03:52:44] status which ensures that the regulatory bottlenecks or delays are reduced or [03:52:47] bottlenecks or delays are reduced or avoided by according a project national [03:52:50] avoided by according a project national status especially for solar PV for [03:52:53] status especially for solar PV for captive use and even IP. We have seen [03:52:56] captive use and even IP. We have seen this one quite working very well and [03:53:00] this one quite working very well and also the issue of some tax holidays [03:53:03] also the issue of some tax holidays is also assisted [03:53:06] is also assisted uh resultbased finance. [03:53:09] uh resultbased finance. Uh in some instances we have also [03:53:11] Uh in some instances we have also noticed that when the funding is tied to [03:53:15] noticed that when the funding is tied to some success [03:53:17] some success where solutions can speak for example to [03:53:20] where solutions can speak for example to say if this is achieved in terms of [03:53:23] say if this is achieved in terms of energy efficiency then the service [03:53:25] energy efficiency then the service provider can be paid. This has led to [03:53:30] provider can be paid. This has led to transparency and also accountability on [03:53:33] transparency and also accountability on both sides and yielded some results. [03:53:37] both sides and yielded some results. uh and then the last point on the [03:53:40] uh and then the last point on the approaches that we have seen working is [03:53:42] approaches that we have seen working is also the issue of local technical [03:53:45] also the issue of local technical partnerships [03:53:46] partnerships where we rely or ride on symbiotic [03:53:50] where we rely or ride on symbiotic relationships [03:53:52] relationships among or between industries. [03:53:55] among or between industries. So our recycling initiatives especially [03:53:58] So our recycling initiatives especially for plastic have really benefited from [03:54:01] for plastic have really benefited from this and we have witnessed that in the [03:54:05] this and we have witnessed that in the long term it also builds capacity in [03:54:08] long term it also builds capacity in terms of dealing with especially wet [03:54:10] terms of dealing with especially wet streams and then taking one waist stream [03:54:13] streams and then taking one waist stream to become uh an input into another [03:54:16] to become uh an input into another industry [03:54:17] industry and obviously the overarching issue [03:54:20] and obviously the overarching issue among all this is the issue of [03:54:22] among all this is the issue of regulatory [03:54:23] regulatory uh stability [03:54:25] uh stability predictability. [03:54:27] predictability. This helps uh in to ensure that industry [03:54:32] This helps uh in to ensure that industry can also plan and industry can also [03:54:36] can also plan and industry can also predict their costs and also manage even [03:54:38] predict their costs and also manage even their risks. So where government has [03:54:41] their risks. So where government has been very clear on what is going to be [03:54:43] been very clear on what is going to be done and where it is going with regards [03:54:47] done and where it is going with regards to regulation and policy, it has also [03:54:50] to regulation and policy, it has also assisted even in planning for action and [03:54:53] assisted even in planning for action and also ensuring that the activities for by [03:54:56] also ensuring that the activities for by industry are aligned to government [03:54:59] industry are aligned to government policy and then industry also benefit in [03:55:02] policy and then industry also benefit in the process. I submit and I look forward [03:55:05] the process. I submit and I look forward obviously to hearing from others and [03:55:09] obviously to hearing from others and what we can also take and implement this [03:55:13] what we can also take and implement this side. I submit moderator. [03:55:19] >> Thank you Lingana. That sounds really [03:55:21] >> Thank you Lingana. That sounds really like a a useful reminder that um environ [03:55:25] like a a useful reminder that um environ enabling environments ultimately succeed [03:55:29] enabling environments ultimately succeed um or fail I guess um at the business [03:55:33] um or fail I guess um at the business level depending on access to capacity [03:55:37] level depending on access to capacity technology finance and support in [03:55:40] technology finance and support in general. Um [03:55:43] general. Um Jane, can you tell us about your [03:55:45] Jane, can you tell us about your experience um with regards to what [03:55:48] experience um with regards to what governance frameworks or regulatory [03:55:51] governance frameworks or regulatory um instruments and capacity building [03:55:55] um instruments and capacity building have proven most um most uh most [03:55:57] have proven most um most uh most effective. [03:55:59] effective. >> Thank you. Uh I just want to also to [03:56:02] >> Thank you. Uh I just want to also to inform you that whatever we government [03:56:04] inform you that whatever we government does, we have consultations with all [03:56:08] does, we have consultations with all stakeholders. even for the regulations. [03:56:10] stakeholders. even for the regulations. So we consult them, we have their buy in [03:56:13] So we consult them, we have their buy in and also the private sector is at all [03:56:16] and also the private sector is at all times consulted. So government will [03:56:18] times consulted. So government will never do something that is to the [03:56:20] never do something that is to the detriment of the private sector and uh [03:56:23] detriment of the private sector and uh with regard also to govern uh to [03:56:26] with regard also to govern uh to governance issue. So we have established [03:56:28] governance issue. So we have established all the mechanisms to enable the private [03:56:31] all the mechanisms to enable the private sector to be able to contribute and uh [03:56:36] sector to be able to contribute and uh Mosas is also proposing to have a moious [03:56:38] Mosas is also proposing to have a moious climate investment forum next month. [03:56:41] climate investment forum next month. Right? So uh government has also uh the [03:56:45] Right? So uh government has also uh the authorities have also identified their [03:56:47] authorities have also identified their priorities as defined in the NDC. Our [03:56:51] priorities as defined in the NDC. Our priorities for the time being the [03:56:52] priorities for the time being the renewable energy sector. So uh a lot of [03:56:56] renewable energy sector. So uh a lot of initiatives are planned but what we need [03:57:00] initiatives are planned but what we need is the finance right. So public and [03:57:02] is the finance right. So public and private financing whether on Boot or [03:57:06] private financing whether on Boot or public private partnership projects are [03:57:08] public private partnership projects are most welcome. So all development [03:57:10] most welcome. So all development partners are to be invited for that [03:57:13] partners are to be invited for that forum uh next month and we are already [03:57:16] forum uh next month and we are already working with the ADB AFDB and the web [03:57:19] working with the ADB AFDB and the web bank and with the investment plan and uh [03:57:22] bank and with the investment plan and uh implementation plan. So Maicius will [03:57:25] implementation plan. So Maicius will know what uh what are the finance [03:57:28] know what uh what are the finance available for the coming years so that [03:57:30] available for the coming years so that we successfully achieve our targets in [03:57:33] we successfully achieve our targets in the NDC. Just to imple uh to also that [03:57:36] the NDC. Just to imple uh to also that the government has also initiated [03:57:38] the government has also initiated national biomass initiative right to to [03:57:41] national biomass initiative right to to convert the existing coal by gas power [03:57:43] convert the existing coal by gas power plants of IPs to run on biomass. We also [03:57:47] plants of IPs to run on biomass. We also uh committed to accelerate the renewable [03:57:51] uh committed to accelerate the renewable energy. Uh we we are going to have the [03:57:54] energy. Uh we we are going to have the budget in uh the coming weeks. So many [03:57:58] budget in uh the coming weeks. So many incentives are going to be given for [03:58:00] incentives are going to be given for rooftop solar PV, ground mounted solar [03:58:03] rooftop solar PV, ground mounted solar PV, floating solar PV and battery energy [03:58:06] PV, floating solar PV and battery energy storage systems and for the adoption of [03:58:08] storage systems and for the adoption of biomass. [03:58:10] biomass. An updated strategy on renewable energy [03:58:12] An updated strategy on renewable energy for the 10 years ahead is also being [03:58:16] for the 10 years ahead is also being finalized so that all development [03:58:19] finalized so that all development partners will know right what are the [03:58:21] partners will know right what are the priorities and will be also invited to [03:58:23] priorities and will be also invited to consider [03:58:25] consider assisting Micious for to achieve its [03:58:29] assisting Micious for to achieve its ambition right so uh also in order to [03:58:32] ambition right so uh also in order to replace the aging FH power plants the [03:58:36] replace the aging FH power plants the use of cleaner fossil fuels such as LNG [03:58:38] use of cleaner fossil fuels such as LNG is also being contemplated [03:58:40] is also being contemplated There's also uh development in the land [03:58:44] There's also uh development in the land transport uh we're going to shift to [03:58:46] transport uh we're going to shift to from to to electric buses right so to uh [03:58:51] from to to electric buses right so to uh our vision is to replace at least 20% of [03:58:53] our vision is to replace at least 20% of the total fleet of 2,000 buses by 2035 [03:58:57] the total fleet of 2,000 buses by 2035 so that we reduce fossil fuel [03:58:59] so that we reduce fossil fuel consumption CHG emissions and pollution [03:59:03] consumption CHG emissions and pollution there's also a new waste management [03:59:05] there's also a new waste management strategy we focused on resource [03:59:06] strategy we focused on resource recoveries the setting up of two integ [03:59:09] recoveries the setting up of two integ integrated waste processing facilities [03:59:11] integrated waste processing facilities by 2029 will direct recycle waste [03:59:14] by 2029 will direct recycle waste including organic waste. Uh there was [03:59:17] including organic waste. Uh there was also anobic uh digestion of some 40,000 [03:59:21] also anobic uh digestion of some 40,000 tons of organic waste to further [03:59:23] tons of organic waste to further contribute to remove methane from [03:59:25] contribute to remove methane from natural national emissions. Right? So we [03:59:30] natural national emissions. Right? So we also have plans also to phase down 80% [03:59:33] also have plans also to phase down 80% of import of F FC's by 2045. [03:59:39] of import of F FC's by 2045. So uh there are a lot of investment a [03:59:43] So uh there are a lot of investment a lot of initiatives but as a sid we we [03:59:47] lot of initiatives but as a sid we we need financing right we need uh tech [03:59:51] need financing right we need uh tech partnership [03:59:53] partnership partnership capacity building and [03:59:55] partnership capacity building and technology transfer right so this is u [03:59:58] technology transfer right so this is u the main u main main focus of moius we [04:00:03] the main u main main focus of moius we look forward to having investment from [04:00:05] look forward to having investment from uh stakeholders in a sustainable manner [04:00:08] uh stakeholders in a sustainable manner And uh we also uh had carried out a [04:00:12] And uh we also uh had carried out a survey also on data collection analysis [04:00:15] survey also on data collection analysis so that we know where we are going. Uh [04:00:17] so that we know where we are going. Uh like uh last week government has [04:00:20] like uh last week government has approved a road map for plastic free for [04:00:23] approved a road map for plastic free for a 10 years period. So we know how where [04:00:26] a 10 years period. So we know how where we are going and it would take steps and [04:00:29] we are going and it would take steps and also subject to availability of local [04:00:31] also subject to availability of local and international funding. Thank you. [04:00:37] Thank you very much um for for that for [04:00:40] Thank you very much um for for that for that very insightful intervention. Um [04:00:42] that very insightful intervention. Um apologies from Mina. She's supposed to [04:00:44] apologies from Mina. She's supposed to be preciding another event elsewhere. So [04:00:47] be preciding another event elsewhere. So that's why she had to leave. Um I'd like [04:00:50] that's why she had to leave. Um I'd like to open the floor now to see if there [04:00:52] to open the floor now to see if there any questions or reactions from the [04:00:55] any questions or reactions from the participants. Um as we are slightly over [04:00:58] participants. Um as we are slightly over time and I do not want to stand between [04:01:00] time and I do not want to stand between you and lunch. Um, I would like to [04:01:03] you and lunch. Um, I would like to invite um participants to either raise [04:01:06] invite um participants to either raise your flag or um approach the microphone [04:01:09] your flag or um approach the microphone um for any questions that you may have. [04:01:29] Okay, I see none. Um, of course, our [04:01:33] Okay, I see none. Um, of course, our panelists are going to be some of our [04:01:35] panelists are going to be some of our panelists will be available during the [04:01:37] panelists will be available during the breakout group. So, there will be an [04:01:38] breakout group. So, there will be an opportunity to to continue the [04:01:41] opportunity to to continue the interaction as well as during lunch. So, [04:01:44] interaction as well as during lunch. So, if you may please join me in thanking [04:01:47] if you may please join me in thanking our panelist and our keynote our sins [04:01:49] our panelist and our keynote our sins setter presenter for these very um [04:01:52] setter presenter for these very um insightful presentations. Um, so join in [04:01:55] insightful presentations. Um, so join in a round of applause. [04:02:02] Now before we break for lunch um just [04:02:04] Now before we break for lunch um just allow me to share some information on [04:02:07] allow me to share some information on what's coming next in the breakout [04:02:08] what's coming next in the breakout groups that we're going to convene after [04:02:10] groups that we're going to convene after lunch. Um the planned breakout groups [04:02:12] lunch. Um the planned breakout groups will build on the themes and the issues [04:02:14] will build on the themes and the issues that we've highlighted during the scene [04:02:16] that we've highlighted during the scene setting session through the [04:02:18] setting session through the presentations and the panels. And in [04:02:20] presentations and the panels. And in these sessions, we expect that the [04:02:22] these sessions, we expect that the participants will engage in sharing the [04:02:25] participants will engage in sharing the best practices and solutions and of [04:02:27] best practices and solutions and of course identifying areas um the [04:02:30] course identifying areas um the challenges and of course through the [04:02:32] challenges and of course through the exchange um how this could be overcome. [04:02:34] exchange um how this could be overcome. Um under the first area of discussion [04:02:36] Um under the first area of discussion there are two themes for the breakout [04:02:38] there are two themes for the breakout sessions. The first is going to be on [04:02:40] sessions. The first is going to be on experiences of best practices and [04:02:42] experiences of best practices and lessons learned and the second is [04:02:45] lessons learned and the second is experiences of addressing challenges and [04:02:47] experiences of addressing challenges and barriers. Now we'll break out into two [04:02:49] barriers. Now we'll break out into two groups over the course of the day and [04:02:51] groups over the course of the day and each group will discuss both themes. So [04:02:54] each group will discuss both themes. So this is to allow you an opportunity to [04:02:56] this is to allow you an opportunity to engage on both topics. Um and the these [04:02:59] engage on both topics. Um and the these two groups will happen in parallel. So [04:03:02] two groups will happen in parallel. So um so you'll have the opportunity to [04:03:03] um so you'll have the opportunity to choose a group of your of your choice [04:03:05] choose a group of your of your choice and G and I will facilitate the [04:03:07] and G and I will facilitate the discussion in each group. One that will [04:03:09] discussion in each group. One that will be in this room and the other one that [04:03:11] be in this room and the other one that will be I think in a separate room [04:03:13] will be I think in a separate room downstairs who will be informed by the [04:03:14] downstairs who will be informed by the secretariat. [04:03:17] secretariat. um G and I of course will listen [04:03:19] um G and I of course will listen carefully and of we'll report back on [04:03:21] carefully and of we'll report back on the discussions um at the end of the [04:03:23] the discussions um at the end of the sessions [04:03:25] sessions in and in this report back we'll give [04:03:26] in and in this report back we'll give all participants one more opportunity to [04:03:29] all participants one more opportunity to contribute. So if there any things that [04:03:31] contribute. So if there any things that you may have not had a chance to raise [04:03:33] you may have not had a chance to raise or any reflections you may have after [04:03:35] or any reflections you may have after the fact there will still be further [04:03:37] the fact there will still be further opportunities to to share them. So the [04:03:41] opportunities to to share them. So the guiding questions for the first theme [04:03:43] guiding questions for the first theme are what technology options and [04:03:45] are what technology options and solutions have been successfully applied [04:03:47] solutions have been successfully applied in your country or region to advance [04:03:50] in your country or region to advance decarbonization of industries and what [04:03:52] decarbonization of industries and what best practices and lessons have emerged [04:03:54] best practices and lessons have emerged from their deployment. Um the second [04:03:57] from their deployment. Um the second question will be what opportunities [04:03:59] question will be what opportunities exist um from your national or regional [04:04:01] exist um from your national or regional experience for the development adoption [04:04:04] experience for the development adoption scaling up or implementation of [04:04:06] scaling up or implementation of decarbonization of industries in [04:04:08] decarbonization of industries in practice and what has supported the [04:04:09] practice and what has supported the uptake in practice. [04:04:12] uptake in practice. For the second um um breakout set of [04:04:16] For the second um um breakout set of breakout groups for theme two, the focus [04:04:19] breakout groups for theme two, the focus will be on what challenges and barriers [04:04:20] will be on what challenges and barriers have been encountered in the [04:04:22] have been encountered in the development, adoption, scaling up or [04:04:24] development, adoption, scaling up or implementation of technologies in the [04:04:26] implementation of technologies in the decarbonization of industries. Um and [04:04:28] decarbonization of industries. Um and this could be such as long life cycles [04:04:31] this could be such as long life cycles of industrial plants, technology [04:04:32] of industrial plants, technology maturity, advancing innovation and the [04:04:35] maturity, advancing innovation and the need of breakthrough technologies among [04:04:37] need of breakthrough technologies among others. And then based on your national [04:04:39] others. And then based on your national and regional experiences, what [04:04:41] and regional experiences, what approaches have helped address these [04:04:42] approaches have helped address these challenges in practice? [04:04:45] challenges in practice? So in these breakout groups, we're going [04:04:47] So in these breakout groups, we're going to encourage all participants to engage [04:04:49] to encourage all participants to engage in a conversation and dialogue with each [04:04:51] in a conversation and dialogue with each other rather than through provided [04:04:53] other rather than through provided prepared statements and we encourage you [04:04:55] prepared statements and we encourage you to respond to views that are being [04:04:57] to respond to views that are being shared and to avoid repetition. [04:04:59] shared and to avoid repetition. um the outcome of this work program [04:05:01] um the outcome of this work program rests on your active participation and [04:05:03] rests on your active participation and we're looking forward to these [04:05:05] we're looking forward to these discussions with you and the ideas that [04:05:07] discussions with you and the ideas that you'll bring forward. So with that um [04:05:10] you'll bring forward. So with that um we'll break for lunch and we'll meet in [04:05:12] we'll break for lunch and we'll meet in the breakout sessions at two. Um feel [04:05:14] the breakout sessions at two. Um feel free to reach out to Gal myself or the [04:05:17] free to reach out to Gal myself or the secretariat in case you have further [04:05:18] secretariat in case you have further questions. I'd like to wish you fruitful [04:05:21] questions. I'd like to wish you fruitful discussions during the breakout groups [04:05:22] discussions during the breakout groups and and bonapeti. Um, do you want to [04:05:26] and and bonapeti. Um, do you want to have say something around lunch and uh [04:05:29] have say something around lunch and uh the rooms where we're going to be? [04:05:32] the rooms where we're going to be? >> Yes. Um, thank you very much. We will [04:05:35] >> Yes. Um, thank you very much. We will break for lunch now. There are food [04:05:37] break for lunch now. There are food trucks outside and I heard they are [04:05:39] trucks outside and I heard they are fantastic. So, I'm looking forward to [04:05:41] fantastic. So, I'm looking forward to that. Um, be quick. Then you're first in [04:05:43] that. Um, be quick. Then you're first in line and you're also um back here on [04:05:46] line and you're also um back here on time. Um we have half the people to stay [04:05:51] time. Um we have half the people to stay here in this room in the conference hall [04:05:53] here in this room in the conference hall and the other half in seminar room one [04:05:55] and the other half in seminar room one that's downstairs. Please try to kind of [04:05:59] that's downstairs. Please try to kind of um split this big group into two equal [04:06:03] um split this big group into two equal parts. That would be fantastic. Not [04:06:04] parts. That would be fantastic. Not everyone to stay here but um also to go [04:06:07] everyone to stay here but um also to go into the seminar room. Um that way we [04:06:10] into the seminar room. Um that way we can ensure that um yeah we have lively [04:06:12] can ensure that um yeah we have lively discussions on both sides. Um, we meet [04:06:16] discussions on both sides. Um, we meet back again at 2:00. So, I wish everyone [04:06:19] back again at 2:00. So, I wish everyone a very nice, fruitful, and hopefully [04:06:22] a very nice, fruitful, and hopefully also delicious lunch break. Thank you [04:06:25] also delicious lunch break. Thank you very much. [05:13:41] Okay, good afternoon and welcome back. [05:13:44] Okay, good afternoon and welcome back. Um, I trust you all had a good lunch [05:13:48] Um, I trust you all had a good lunch break. Um, and if you did not go for [05:13:51] break. Um, and if you did not go for lunch, I hope you at least got some time [05:13:52] lunch, I hope you at least got some time out in the sunshine. [05:13:55] out in the sunshine. So, welcome now to this first breakout [05:13:57] So, welcome now to this first breakout group session. Um, we're pleased to have [05:13:59] group session. Um, we're pleased to have you here with us, both you who are in [05:14:02] you here with us, both you who are in person and those who are joining us [05:14:03] person and those who are joining us virtually. And we're really looking [05:14:06] virtually. And we're really looking forward to a rich discussion this [05:14:08] forward to a rich discussion this afternoon. As I said just before lunch, [05:14:11] afternoon. As I said just before lunch, this is a space for collective learning, [05:14:14] this is a space for collective learning, knowledge exchange, and collaboration. [05:14:16] knowledge exchange, and collaboration. And we encourage everyone to actively [05:14:18] And we encourage everyone to actively participate and share experiences, the [05:14:20] participate and share experiences, the challenges and whatever ideas you may [05:14:22] challenges and whatever ideas you may have around how we can work together to [05:14:25] have around how we can work together to advance the clean industrialization. [05:14:29] advance the clean industrialization. Your input is highly valued and we will [05:14:31] Your input is highly valued and we will directly contribute and will directly [05:14:32] directly contribute and will directly contribute to the outcomes of of this [05:14:34] contribute to the outcomes of of this event. [05:14:36] event. We also have as you saw in the scene [05:14:38] We also have as you saw in the scene setting sessions a number of experts who [05:14:40] setting sessions a number of experts who have joined us in person and virtually [05:14:42] have joined us in person and virtually and we would like to encourage you all [05:14:44] and we would like to encourage you all to take advantage of their presence um [05:14:46] to take advantage of their presence um to make connections, ask questions and [05:14:49] to make connections, ask questions and generally um engage with them. So the [05:14:52] generally um engage with them. So the topic for this breakout group in this [05:14:54] topic for this breakout group in this room is experiences of best practices [05:14:57] room is experiences of best practices and lessons learned. Now for the virtual [05:15:00] and lessons learned. Now for the virtual participants um to request the floor [05:15:02] participants um to request the floor enter your name uh the name of your [05:15:04] enter your name uh the name of your party your organization um in the format [05:15:07] party your organization um in the format of party or organization and your name [05:15:09] of party or organization and your name um when you'd like to request the floor [05:15:11] um when you'd like to request the floor once you're given the floor please [05:15:12] once you're given the floor please unmute yourself in between please remain [05:15:15] unmute yourself in between please remain muted um and you can also raise your [05:15:18] muted um and you can also raise your virtual hand to ask for the floor we [05:15:20] virtual hand to ask for the floor we really encourage you to also participate [05:15:21] really encourage you to also participate even if you're not here with us [05:15:23] even if you're not here with us physically [05:15:24] physically um [05:15:26] um we hope this session will be both [05:15:28] we hope this session will be both productive and inspiring and so um and [05:15:31] productive and inspiring and so um and of course make absolutely excellent use [05:15:33] of course make absolutely excellent use of our time. So the question for our [05:15:36] of our time. So the question for our session is what technology options and [05:15:39] session is what technology options and solutions have been successfully applied [05:15:41] solutions have been successfully applied in your country or region to advance [05:15:44] in your country or region to advance decarbonization of industries and what [05:15:46] decarbonization of industries and what best practices and lessons have emerged [05:15:48] best practices and lessons have emerged from the deployment. [05:15:50] from the deployment. What opportunities exist again from your [05:15:52] What opportunities exist again from your national and regional experience uh for [05:15:55] national and regional experience uh for the development, adoption, scaling up um [05:15:58] the development, adoption, scaling up um or implementation of decarbonization of [05:16:00] or implementation of decarbonization of industries um of course with a focus on [05:16:02] industries um of course with a focus on practical examples and what has what has [05:16:05] practical examples and what has what has really supported this uptake in [05:16:06] really supported this uptake in practice. [05:16:08] practice. So to help us get the conversation [05:16:10] So to help us get the conversation started, I'm pleased to introduce our [05:16:12] started, I'm pleased to introduce our icebreaker. Um uh this is a colleague [05:16:15] icebreaker. Um uh this is a colleague who's going to offer us brief [05:16:16] who's going to offer us brief reflections on these questions and to [05:16:18] reflections on these questions and to sort of set the tone and help us ease [05:16:20] sort of set the tone and help us ease into the conversation. I do hope we can [05:16:23] into the conversation. I do hope we can keep the nature of our discussion [05:16:25] keep the nature of our discussion interactive this afternoon. So if you [05:16:28] interactive this afternoon. So if you have questions also for what you hear [05:16:29] have questions also for what you hear that you want to raise or reactions, [05:16:32] that you want to raise or reactions, please let us utilize this opportunity [05:16:34] please let us utilize this opportunity to to converse with each other. So to [05:16:37] to to converse with each other. So to invite our to give a keynote um I'd like [05:16:39] invite our to give a keynote um I'd like to invite Amanda McKe who's the director [05:16:42] to invite Amanda McKe who's the director of knowledge and the and learning of the [05:16:44] of knowledge and the and learning of the NDC partnership. So over to you Amanda. [05:16:49] >> Wonderful. Thank you and good afternoon [05:16:52] >> Wonderful. Thank you and good afternoon everyone and hello to everyone who's [05:16:55] everyone and hello to everyone who's joining us online as well. So I'm gonna [05:16:58] joining us online as well. So I'm gonna start by just caveing that I am not an [05:17:02] start by just caveing that I am not an industrial expert. Um, but I hope I can [05:17:06] industrial expert. Um, but I hope I can share a little bit of insight into what [05:17:09] share a little bit of insight into what we're seeing through the NDC partnership [05:17:12] we're seeing through the NDC partnership in how countries are planning and [05:17:14] in how countries are planning and implementing their NDC's and hopefully [05:17:16] implementing their NDC's and hopefully give some food for thought for this [05:17:18] give some food for thought for this afternoon's discussion. So, for those of [05:17:20] afternoon's discussion. So, for those of you who aren't familiar with the NDC [05:17:22] you who aren't familiar with the NDC partnership, we're a global coalition. [05:17:25] partnership, we're a global coalition. We bring together more than 260 members [05:17:28] We bring together more than 260 members and this includes 140 countries both [05:17:30] and this includes 140 countries both developed and developing and more than [05:17:33] developed and developing and more than 120 institutions [05:17:35] 120 institutions working to [05:17:37] working to plan and implement ambitious NDCs. [05:17:43] plan and implement ambitious NDCs. Countries come to the NDC partnership [05:17:45] Countries come to the NDC partnership and request support um on what it is [05:17:48] and request support um on what it is that they need to drive forward this [05:17:49] that they need to drive forward this climate action. and we actually have um [05:17:52] climate action. and we actually have um a a robust database where we can analyze [05:17:55] a a robust database where we can analyze the types of requests that are coming [05:17:56] the types of requests that are coming through and look at what some of those [05:17:59] through and look at what some of those trends are. So, what I'm going to share [05:18:00] trends are. So, what I'm going to share with you is a little bit of what we're [05:18:02] with you is a little bit of what we're seeing globally on industrial [05:18:04] seeing globally on industrial decarbonization. [05:18:06] decarbonization. And of the 105 [05:18:09] And of the 105 um countries who've who've requested [05:18:11] um countries who've who've requested support through the NDC partnership, 42 [05:18:14] support through the NDC partnership, 42 of them or 40% [05:18:16] of them or 40% have submitted specific requests for [05:18:18] have submitted specific requests for support that touch on industrial [05:18:20] support that touch on industrial decarbonization. [05:18:22] decarbonization. So these are developing country members. [05:18:25] So these are developing country members. Just under half of them are looking at [05:18:27] Just under half of them are looking at how to actually implement this through [05:18:29] how to actually implement this through their NDC. [05:18:31] their NDC. But to give you a sense of what those [05:18:32] But to give you a sense of what those requests for support look like um [05:18:35] requests for support look like um because they're not just generic [05:18:37] because they're not just generic statements of I need help with [05:18:38] statements of I need help with industrial decarbonization. It actually [05:18:41] industrial decarbonization. It actually covers a whole range of issues. [05:18:43] covers a whole range of issues. Everything from the development of the [05:18:46] Everything from the development of the NDC um to implementation investment [05:18:49] NDC um to implementation investment planning but also inclusion in the [05:18:51] planning but also inclusion in the long-term development strategies as [05:18:53] long-term development strategies as well. We see requests for support [05:18:56] well. We see requests for support related to broadening the scope of the [05:18:58] related to broadening the scope of the NDC. Um and these uh requests around [05:19:01] NDC. Um and these uh requests around industrial decarbonization actually [05:19:03] industrial decarbonization actually peaked in 2024 as countries were putting [05:19:05] peaked in 2024 as countries were putting together their latest NDCs. We see [05:19:08] together their latest NDCs. We see requests on costbenefit analysis, cost [05:19:12] requests on costbenefit analysis, cost assessments, [05:19:13] assessments, uh GHG mitigation analysis, development [05:19:17] uh GHG mitigation analysis, development of emission factors. [05:19:19] of emission factors. We see specific requests around the need [05:19:21] We see specific requests around the need for capacity building for officials to [05:19:24] for capacity building for officials to be able to utilize specific [05:19:26] be able to utilize specific methodologies to be other to be able to [05:19:29] methodologies to be other to be able to engage in these discussions. Requests [05:19:31] engage in these discussions. Requests around development of of projects or [05:19:34] around development of of projects or pipelines of projects. Um requests on [05:19:37] pipelines of projects. Um requests on engagement with the private sector. [05:19:41] engagement with the private sector. requests for support in enabling cross [05:19:43] requests for support in enabling cross ministry engagement um including review [05:19:46] ministry engagement um including review of sectoral plans or target setting, [05:19:48] of sectoral plans or target setting, embedded advisory support and then we [05:19:51] embedded advisory support and then we also see a substantial number of [05:19:53] also see a substantial number of requests that look specifically at [05:19:55] requests that look specifically at technology [05:19:57] technology and this is one of the most frequently [05:19:59] and this is one of the most frequently area frequently requested areas of [05:20:01] area frequently requested areas of support within industrial [05:20:02] support within industrial decarbonization. [05:20:04] decarbonization. Um about 40% of these requests again [05:20:07] Um about 40% of these requests again relate to the mention of technology and [05:20:10] relate to the mention of technology and that includes mention of specific [05:20:12] that includes mention of specific technologies. So one of the most common [05:20:15] technologies. So one of the most common technological solutions um that we see [05:20:18] technological solutions um that we see countries coming forward with requests [05:20:20] countries coming forward with requests for supporter are on uh carbon lowering [05:20:23] for supporter are on uh carbon lowering carbon in cement clinker. So we see this [05:20:28] carbon in cement clinker. So we see this in um the focus on new technologies or [05:20:33] in um the focus on new technologies or on focus on new processes. So looking at [05:20:37] on focus on new processes. So looking at um rice husk ask ash in cement [05:20:40] um rice husk ask ash in cement production um fly ash in cement [05:20:43] production um fly ash in cement production. So a lot of support on how [05:20:46] production. So a lot of support on how to move forward those new technologies. [05:20:49] to move forward those new technologies. We also see requests for support around [05:20:52] We also see requests for support around the enabling environment and the [05:20:53] the enabling environment and the conditions around it as well. So when we [05:20:56] conditions around it as well. So when we look at um carbon cement clinker the [05:21:00] look at um carbon cement clinker the standards that go into cement production [05:21:02] standards that go into cement production and technical assistance to be able to [05:21:05] and technical assistance to be able to um understand what is needed to put in [05:21:08] um understand what is needed to put in place standards that will actually [05:21:09] place standards that will actually enable the successful adoption of new [05:21:12] enable the successful adoption of new technologies. [05:21:13] technologies. We also see requests for support coming [05:21:16] We also see requests for support coming through on um updates to [05:21:20] through on um updates to um public procurement policy and how it [05:21:23] um public procurement policy and how it can best support these types of requests [05:21:25] can best support these types of requests as well. Um we also see a really strong [05:21:28] as well. Um we also see a really strong overlap when we look at technology [05:21:30] overlap when we look at technology between industrial decarbona [05:21:33] between industrial decarbona carbonization and other sectors as well. [05:21:36] carbonization and other sectors as well. So just to give you an example, [05:21:38] So just to give you an example, transitioning to renewable energy in [05:21:41] transitioning to renewable energy in industry is a common trend that we see [05:21:43] industry is a common trend that we see in these industrial decarbonization [05:21:45] in these industrial decarbonization requests. Um 12% of all industrial [05:21:49] requests. Um 12% of all industrial decarbonization requests coming through [05:21:51] decarbonization requests coming through the partnership actually reference [05:21:52] the partnership actually reference renewable energy as a a critical [05:21:54] renewable energy as a a critical component. Um we just to contextualize [05:21:58] component. Um we just to contextualize this a request from the Dominican [05:22:00] this a request from the Dominican Republic. um this is from a couple of [05:22:03] Republic. um this is from a couple of years ago but requesting support to [05:22:04] years ago but requesting support to optimize the operation of their cement [05:22:07] optimize the operation of their cement plant through establishment of solar [05:22:09] plant through establishment of solar technology. So just to show you some of [05:22:11] technology. So just to show you some of the linkages that we're seeing cross- [05:22:12] the linkages that we're seeing cross- sector when we're looking at industrial [05:22:14] sector when we're looking at industrial decarbonization. [05:22:16] decarbonization. The last thing I wanted to mention and [05:22:18] The last thing I wanted to mention and conclude with I talked a lot about what [05:22:20] conclude with I talked a lot about what countries are requesting uh through [05:22:22] countries are requesting uh through their NDC's through the implementation [05:22:24] their NDC's through the implementation of their NDC's. We're also able to track [05:22:27] of their NDC's. We're also able to track the support that is being matched to [05:22:29] the support that is being matched to this. And what we're seeing right now is [05:22:32] this. And what we're seeing right now is that of these requests for support we've [05:22:34] that of these requests for support we've received, only 55 [05:22:36] received, only 55 uh actually only 45% of them have [05:22:39] uh actually only 45% of them have support. 55% of these requests are still [05:22:42] support. 55% of these requests are still actively seeking support. So this um [05:22:46] actively seeking support. So this um last comment is is more targeted to [05:22:48] last comment is is more targeted to partners in the room um who are able to [05:22:51] partners in the room um who are able to to step in and support these types of [05:22:53] to step in and support these types of requests. There's a really big need. um [05:22:56] requests. There's a really big need. um there's a lot of gaps that exist in this [05:22:58] there's a lot of gaps that exist in this space um particularly related to finance [05:23:01] space um particularly related to finance and investment around industrial [05:23:03] and investment around industrial decarbonization. So certainly something [05:23:04] decarbonization. So certainly something I can share more on. Um but just to [05:23:07] I can share more on. Um but just to state that you know a lot of [05:23:08] state that you know a lot of opportunities we're seeing surfaced [05:23:10] opportunities we're seeing surfaced through the partnership but also a lot [05:23:12] through the partnership but also a lot of um need for additional support to [05:23:14] of um need for additional support to come to the table to respond to those. [05:23:17] come to the table to respond to those. So hopefully that was helpful and just [05:23:19] So hopefully that was helpful and just giving you a broad sense of the types of [05:23:22] giving you a broad sense of the types of ways that we're we're seeing this issue [05:23:25] ways that we're we're seeing this issue through countries uh climate action [05:23:27] through countries uh climate action planning and implementation and looking [05:23:29] planning and implementation and looking forward to the discussion. [05:23:33] >> Thank you very much Amanda. I think it's [05:23:35] >> Thank you very much Amanda. I think it's very clear that countries are all at [05:23:38] very clear that countries are all at different levels when it comes to how [05:23:41] different levels when it comes to how they're approaching decarbonizing [05:23:43] they're approaching decarbonizing industry and I think that is very [05:23:46] industry and I think that is very evident within the requests that are [05:23:48] evident within the requests that are coming through. Very encouraging also [05:23:50] coming through. Very encouraging also that this is a key part of many of the [05:23:53] that this is a key part of many of the NDCs that are coming forward. So now we [05:23:56] NDCs that are coming forward. So now we have a chance to delve a little bit into [05:23:59] have a chance to delve a little bit into what countries are actually doing and I [05:24:01] what countries are actually doing and I would like to open the floor so we can [05:24:04] would like to open the floor so we can hear back from you based on your country [05:24:06] hear back from you based on your country or regional experiences um around [05:24:09] or regional experiences um around industrial decarbonization. So the floor [05:24:10] industrial decarbonization. So the floor is now open. [05:24:36] I think this is the quietest group we've [05:24:38] I think this is the quietest group we've had in technical dialogue so far. Um, I [05:24:43] had in technical dialogue so far. Um, I don't know if I should start calling on [05:24:45] don't know if I should start calling on folks or do you have anyone online [05:24:48] folks or do you have anyone online interested in breaking the ice? [05:24:53] interested in breaking the ice? >> Should I start maybe? [05:24:55] >> Should I start maybe? >> Absolutely. Um, so this is current [05:24:58] >> Absolutely. Um, so this is current current Nasser please. No day I was in [05:25:02] current Nasser please. No day I was in the earlier session but um perhaps I can [05:25:05] the earlier session but um perhaps I can say something quickly maybe just to open [05:25:07] say something quickly maybe just to open the discussion [05:25:08] the discussion um I'm from Capsark in Riyad Saudi [05:25:12] um I'm from Capsark in Riyad Saudi Arabia I mean as discussed in the panel [05:25:14] Arabia I mean as discussed in the panel discussion this morning um you know in [05:25:17] discussion this morning um you know in Saudi Arabia and obviously in the wider [05:25:19] Saudi Arabia and obviously in the wider region GCC region what we are seeing in [05:25:22] region GCC region what we are seeing in industrial decarbonization [05:25:24] industrial decarbonization is not one obviously I keep coming to [05:25:26] is not one obviously I keep coming to that point it's not one single solution [05:25:28] that point it's not one single solution really dominating and and obviously we [05:25:31] really dominating and and obviously we It's always like the case in any place. [05:25:33] It's always like the case in any place. We we we should not put our all our eggs [05:25:35] We we we should not put our all our eggs in one basket. Really looking at the [05:25:38] in one basket. Really looking at the whole suite and portfolio of of [05:25:41] whole suite and portfolio of of technologies and solutions trying to [05:25:42] technologies and solutions trying to evaluate which ones are, you know, the [05:25:44] evaluate which ones are, you know, the low hanging fruits, which ones will get [05:25:46] low hanging fruits, which ones will get us to net zero at the lowest cost [05:25:48] us to net zero at the lowest cost possible, obviously effectively. So [05:25:51] possible, obviously effectively. So there's there's a wide range of [05:25:52] there's there's a wide range of complimentary [05:25:54] complimentary uh technologies and solutions. You know [05:25:57] uh technologies and solutions. You know a a few key points to highlight. First, [05:26:00] a a few key points to highlight. First, Saudi Arabia has a major CCS target of 9 [05:26:03] Saudi Arabia has a major CCS target of 9 million tons and 44 million 9 million [05:26:06] million tons and 44 million 9 million tons of C CCS and 44 million ton by [05:26:10] tons of C CCS and 44 million ton by million time per year by 2035. [05:26:13] million time per year by 2035. Uh this is already underway in terms of [05:26:15] Uh this is already underway in terms of planning and development [05:26:17] planning and development u you know despite the many challenges. [05:26:19] u you know despite the many challenges. So a regional CCS hub [05:26:22] So a regional CCS hub you know for the for the countries and [05:26:24] you know for the for the countries and the region uh is is is on the table. [05:26:28] the region uh is is is on the table. It's it's it's a it's a key [05:26:29] It's it's it's a it's a key consideration at the moment. Uh there's [05:26:31] consideration at the moment. Uh there's an increasing focus on developing large [05:26:33] an increasing focus on developing large scale capture hubs with linkage to [05:26:36] scale capture hubs with linkage to actually CO2 capture with linkage to CO2 [05:26:39] actually CO2 capture with linkage to CO2 transport and storage infrastructure. [05:26:41] transport and storage infrastructure. um CO2 captures already being deployed [05:26:45] um CO2 captures already being deployed uh in the kingdom on natural gas [05:26:47] uh in the kingdom on natural gas processing as I mentioned prochemical [05:26:49] processing as I mentioned prochemical sites and the reason is because these [05:26:50] sites and the reason is because these are low cost uh for example for natural [05:26:53] are low cost uh for example for natural gas processing the cost is around $40 to [05:26:56] gas processing the cost is around $40 to $50 per ton of CO2 captured uh this is [05:26:59] $50 per ton of CO2 captured uh this is one of the lowest costs uh basically and [05:27:01] one of the lowest costs uh basically and the reason why is because the lesson the [05:27:04] the reason why is because the lesson the lesson here is basically when we looked [05:27:07] lesson here is basically when we looked at the the the nature of the facilities [05:27:09] at the the the nature of the facilities in the prochemical sector refineries, [05:27:12] in the prochemical sector refineries, steel, cement, power generation and [05:27:14] steel, cement, power generation and dalination. [05:27:16] dalination. Um it turns out that actually um in the [05:27:18] Um it turns out that actually um in the kingdom and maybe this is the case for [05:27:20] kingdom and maybe this is the case for many countries in the region is [05:27:22] many countries in the region is 78% for Saudi Arabia 78% of the [05:27:25] 78% for Saudi Arabia 78% of the installations [05:27:27] installations have total emissions of 2 million tons [05:27:29] have total emissions of 2 million tons and above. So there's a big benefit from [05:27:31] and above. So there's a big benefit from economies of scale which will then lead [05:27:34] economies of scale which will then lead to reduction in the in the capture [05:27:36] to reduction in the in the capture costs. But uh but obviously you know [05:27:39] costs. But uh but obviously you know capture is not it's not the only one. [05:27:40] capture is not it's not the only one. Obviously we have to look at the [05:27:41] Obviously we have to look at the transport and storage infrastructure [05:27:43] transport and storage infrastructure which is also a key a key aspect. [05:27:47] which is also a key a key aspect. There's a benefit for the kingdom from [05:27:48] There's a benefit for the kingdom from the proximity of these emission sources [05:27:51] the proximity of these emission sources to the storage sites. So this then is [05:27:54] to the storage sites. So this then is another element. This is another aspect [05:27:55] another element. This is another aspect where actually uh reduces the total CCS [05:27:59] where actually uh reduces the total CCS costs. Um [05:28:01] costs. Um in addition to that the the prochemical [05:28:03] in addition to that the the prochemical industry frequently deals with high [05:28:06] industry frequently deals with high purity CO2 streams and this is the case [05:28:08] purity CO2 streams and this is the case not just in the kingdom but also in many [05:28:10] not just in the kingdom but also in many countries worldwide and that lowers the [05:28:13] countries worldwide and that lowers the costs for example things like glycol [05:28:14] costs for example things like glycol like ethylene oxide manufacturing for [05:28:17] like ethylene oxide manufacturing for example and all they have very they have [05:28:19] example and all they have very they have streams with a very high CO2 [05:28:20] streams with a very high CO2 concentration [05:28:22] concentration uh these are really really are the easy [05:28:24] uh these are really really are the easy ones the low hanging fruits let's say um [05:28:28] ones the low hanging fruits let's say um one key lesson in the kingdom is is that [05:28:31] one key lesson in the kingdom is is that integrating CCS into existing [05:28:32] integrating CCS into existing infrastructure significantly reduces [05:28:34] infrastructure significantly reduces both the cost and complexity. Um [05:28:38] both the cost and complexity. Um um and early deployment should focus uh [05:28:41] um and early deployment should focus uh again on on such opportunities. [05:28:45] again on on such opportunities. Um scaling however it depends on [05:28:47] Um scaling however it depends on developing shared transport [05:28:49] developing shared transport infrastructure which is very obviously u [05:28:51] infrastructure which is very obviously u which is the sc the the scaling of the [05:28:54] which is the sc the the scaling of the transport infrastructure is a big [05:28:56] transport infrastructure is a big challenge. Um so yeah amongst other [05:28:59] challenge. Um so yeah amongst other challenges which you know I can [05:29:00] challenges which you know I can highlight maybe uh later but I will [05:29:02] highlight maybe uh later but I will leave the floor to other people to speak [05:29:04] leave the floor to other people to speak I guess. [05:29:08] >> Thank you very much and it's interesting [05:29:10] >> Thank you very much and it's interesting to see some of the parallels between [05:29:12] to see some of the parallels between what's happening in Saudi Arabia and [05:29:14] what's happening in Saudi Arabia and what we heard earlier from a colleague [05:29:16] what we heard earlier from a colleague from Norway. Um, [05:29:20] from Norway. Um, so I now have uh Coral Han from the [05:29:25] so I now have uh Coral Han from the French Environmental Agency and [05:29:27] French Environmental Agency and apologies if I mispronounce if I [05:29:30] apologies if I mispronounce if I mispronounced your name. You have the [05:29:31] mispronounced your name. You have the floor. [05:29:34] floor. >> Thank you. Can you hear me well? [05:29:37] >> Thank you. Can you hear me well? >> Yes. [05:29:38] >> Yes. >> Okay, good. So, thanks for uh the [05:29:42] >> Okay, good. So, thanks for uh the opportunity to to participate. Um so as [05:29:45] opportunity to to participate. Um so as as mentioned I'm from the French [05:29:47] as mentioned I'm from the French Environmental Agency. So we are an [05:29:50] Environmental Agency. So we are an agency that is uh in part tasked with [05:29:54] agency that is uh in part tasked with handling um industrial subsidies for [05:29:57] handling um industrial subsidies for decarbonization projects. [05:29:59] decarbonization projects. uh and I I I just wanted to sh to share [05:30:02] uh and I I I just wanted to sh to share uh a few initiatives that we think have [05:30:04] uh a few initiatives that we think have been quite helpful in in our case uh and [05:30:09] been quite helpful in in our case uh and which could benefit other [05:30:11] which could benefit other other countries other places I think so [05:30:15] other countries other places I think so the first one is uh planning uh it's [05:30:18] the first one is uh planning uh it's been mentioned before but having uh [05:30:21] been mentioned before but having uh effective and and comprehensive road [05:30:24] effective and and comprehensive road maps for industrial decarbonization is [05:30:27] maps for industrial decarbonization is uh is really important [05:30:29] uh is really important uh for different aspects. Uh the first [05:30:33] uh for different aspects. Uh the first one is because it enables uh the [05:30:37] one is because it enables uh the creation of a a comprehensive and and [05:30:39] creation of a a comprehensive and and effective policy at both for the for the [05:30:43] effective policy at both for the for the states because having a well-designed [05:30:45] states because having a well-designed road map enables you to implement uh [05:30:48] road map enables you to implement uh effective policies uh but also for [05:30:51] effective policies uh but also for companies uh and for investors because [05:30:53] companies uh and for investors because if you have something planned then you [05:30:55] if you have something planned then you can be uh more sure about the future and [05:31:00] can be uh more sure about the future and you have less risks. uh involved. Uh the [05:31:03] you have less risks. uh involved. Uh the second one is um it enables your agency, [05:31:07] second one is um it enables your agency, your country, your government to gather [05:31:09] your country, your government to gather gather a lot of uh knowledge and [05:31:11] gather a lot of uh knowledge and expertise uh on these sectors. So uh be [05:31:15] expertise uh on these sectors. So uh be it's on the different technologies [05:31:18] it's on the different technologies uh involved on the CO2 levels on the [05:31:21] uh involved on the CO2 levels on the different parameters that can affect [05:31:23] different parameters that can affect your sector because we are looking not [05:31:25] your sector because we are looking not only at uh the technological aspects of [05:31:28] only at uh the technological aspects of decarbonization but also at the [05:31:31] decarbonization but also at the geopolitical uh things that could impact [05:31:34] geopolitical uh things that could impact uh a given sector uh for for example [05:31:38] uh a given sector uh for for example cement or ammonia or or or steel. [05:31:43] cement or ammonia or or or steel. Uh so yeah the first points uh having [05:31:47] Uh so yeah the first points uh having solid road maps and we we have uh [05:31:51] solid road maps and we we have uh proposed a methodology that we that we [05:31:54] proposed a methodology that we that we used internally but that we we we made a [05:31:57] used internally but that we we we made a guide that can be used by by anyone uh [05:32:00] guide that can be used by by anyone uh if they want to to develop their own [05:32:02] if they want to to develop their own road map. [05:32:04] road map. uh and then so building from that from [05:32:07] uh and then so building from that from that solid road map we try to have a [05:32:10] that solid road map we try to have a more uh operational approach uh uh which [05:32:14] more uh operational approach uh uh which looked at industrial clusters. So first [05:32:17] looked at industrial clusters. So first we we looked at sectors as a whole. So [05:32:20] we we looked at sectors as a whole. So the steel sector, the chemicals um [05:32:24] the steel sector, the chemicals um ammonia, aluminium for example. Uh then [05:32:26] ammonia, aluminium for example. Uh then we looked at industrial clusters and try [05:32:28] we looked at industrial clusters and try to have uh um work in in conjunction [05:32:32] to have uh um work in in conjunction with industrials in these clusters, [05:32:34] with industrials in these clusters, create consortiums and enable uh a [05:32:37] create consortiums and enable uh a discussion between all the different [05:32:39] discussion between all the different actors uh of these clusters and having [05:32:43] actors uh of these clusters and having um a discussion between all the actors [05:32:46] um a discussion between all the actors uh enables you to create synergies uh [05:32:50] uh enables you to create synergies uh lower infrastru infrastructure costs [05:32:53] lower infrastru infrastructure costs sorry uh because then you can mutual [05:32:55] sorry uh because then you can mutual ualize uh hydrogen pipes, CO2 pipes. Uh [05:32:59] ualize uh hydrogen pipes, CO2 pipes. Uh you can plan your electricity grid at uh [05:33:03] you can plan your electricity grid at uh a relevant scale for the needs of the of [05:33:07] a relevant scale for the needs of the of the cluster as a whole. Uh so it it [05:33:09] the cluster as a whole. Uh so it it really enables uh more like more [05:33:12] really enables uh more like more efficient planning and you can also [05:33:15] efficient planning and you can also carry out studies uh for multiple [05:33:18] carry out studies uh for multiple companies at the same time. So it's a [05:33:22] companies at the same time. So it's a we think it's a really efficient [05:33:23] we think it's a really efficient approach uh for planning industrial [05:33:26] approach uh for planning industrial transition at a more regional level. You [05:33:29] transition at a more regional level. You can also anticipate the need for um [05:33:32] can also anticipate the need for um workforce for for [05:33:35] workforce for for skill learning uh education. So it's a [05:33:38] skill learning uh education. So it's a it's it's a good integrated approach. I [05:33:40] it's it's a good integrated approach. I can bridge um national strategies, [05:33:44] can bridge um national strategies, national u transition plans uh to a more [05:33:48] national u transition plans uh to a more operational level at a a regional scale. [05:33:53] operational level at a a regional scale. Uh and and finally once you have the [05:33:56] Uh and and finally once you have the national view, the regional view, uh [05:33:59] national view, the regional view, uh what's left is thinking about all the [05:34:02] what's left is thinking about all the possible projects that you can implement [05:34:04] possible projects that you can implement in order to help this project. So you [05:34:06] in order to help this project. So you have to uh help at the same time the [05:34:09] have to uh help at the same time the infrastructure building the [05:34:11] infrastructure building the decarbonization projects for the uh for [05:34:14] decarbonization projects for the uh for the companies themselves uh and uh also [05:34:18] the companies themselves uh and uh also all the planning at the a more [05:34:20] all the planning at the a more urbanistic level in order to to be able [05:34:23] urbanistic level in order to to be able to implement it in real life and you you [05:34:25] to implement it in real life and you you have to think about all scale. So, not [05:34:27] have to think about all scale. So, not only big companies, big emitters, which [05:34:30] only big companies, big emitters, which are usually the go-to target because [05:34:33] are usually the go-to target because they are like a massive uh CO2 pool [05:34:37] they are like a massive uh CO2 pool that's [05:34:39] that's not easy to decarbonize, but uh easier [05:34:42] not easy to decarbonize, but uh easier to target. Uh but you also have to think [05:34:45] to target. Uh but you also have to think about the smaller u uh smaller companies [05:34:49] about the smaller u uh smaller companies that are suppliers that work with [05:34:51] that are suppliers that work with everyone. And you have to design your [05:34:53] everyone. And you have to design your course for project and your subsidies [05:34:55] course for project and your subsidies accordingly depending on the uh levels [05:34:58] accordingly depending on the uh levels of subsidies required. It's it's not the [05:35:01] of subsidies required. It's it's not the same uh thing to design [05:35:04] same uh thing to design a process for like a a 20 billion or 100 [05:35:09] a process for like a a 20 billion or 100 million uh project uh than it is for a [05:35:13] million uh project uh than it is for a one,000 [05:35:14] one,000 or 100,000 euros project. So you have to [05:35:17] or 100,000 euros project. So you have to think about uh different scales and [05:35:20] think about uh different scales and approach them differently. So yeah, it [05:35:23] approach them differently. So yeah, it was just to start a conversation. [05:35:26] was just to start a conversation. Uh but uh we think that combining [05:35:28] Uh but uh we think that combining thoughtful planning uh with regional [05:35:31] thoughtful planning uh with regional approach and then with a more [05:35:33] approach and then with a more personalized approach per company uh is [05:35:36] personalized approach per company uh is a a great way to [05:35:38] a a great way to to do things. [05:35:42] to do things. >> Thank you very much. Um just one quick [05:35:44] >> Thank you very much. Um just one quick question to you. Um can you say [05:35:46] question to you. Um can you say something on like the time horizon for [05:35:48] something on like the time horizon for the for the planning with when you're [05:35:51] the for the planning with when you're looking at your road map? [05:35:54] looking at your road map? >> Um yes. So for the sectoral road maps we [05:35:56] >> Um yes. So for the sectoral road maps we have we have a planning up to 2050 [05:36:01] have we have a planning up to 2050 uh and we have uh for each sector [05:36:04] uh and we have uh for each sector multiple scenarios [05:36:06] multiple scenarios uh so with varying uh evolution on [05:36:10] uh so with varying uh evolution on demand and production varying uh [05:36:12] demand and production varying uh technology availability [05:36:15] technology availability uh varying availabilities of uh biomass [05:36:18] uh varying availabilities of uh biomass for example types of energy. So we try [05:36:20] for example types of energy. So we try to look at uh different types of [05:36:22] to look at uh different types of situations and do some kind of uh risk [05:36:25] situations and do some kind of uh risk assessments. Uh that's to say okay if if [05:36:28] assessments. Uh that's to say okay if if we have CO2 pipes we can decarbonize [05:36:30] we have CO2 pipes we can decarbonize this way uh and in a if we operate in [05:36:34] this way uh and in a if we operate in this type of an environment in in a [05:36:36] this type of an environment in in a global glo globalized competition for [05:36:39] global glo globalized competition for example then we will have to uh think [05:36:41] example then we will have to uh think about it this way. If there if it's more [05:36:44] about it this way. If there if it's more in a um like protective environment and [05:36:48] in a um like protective environment and there's more public support then things [05:36:50] there's more public support then things can go this way. So we we try to look at [05:36:52] can go this way. So we we try to look at different situations in order to [05:36:54] different situations in order to anticipate uh possible evolutions of the [05:36:57] anticipate uh possible evolutions of the sector and what risk we have to have in [05:37:00] sector and what risk we have to have in mind when we finance projects because uh [05:37:04] mind when we finance projects because uh one big example example could be for [05:37:07] one big example example could be for example uh CO2 capture. If you invest in [05:37:11] example uh CO2 capture. If you invest in CO2 capture uh short term, it's very [05:37:14] CO2 capture uh short term, it's very expensive. But you know that in 15 [05:37:16] expensive. But you know that in 15 years, for example, there's a new [05:37:17] years, for example, there's a new technologies that's going to be in place [05:37:19] technologies that's going to be in place using hydrogen or bio gas that's going [05:37:22] using hydrogen or bio gas that's going to um make all your CO2 uh [05:37:26] to um make all your CO2 uh infrastructure irrelevant. Then you have [05:37:29] infrastructure irrelevant. Then you have a risk of um stranded assets. So you you [05:37:33] a risk of um stranded assets. So you you have to like [05:37:36] have to like try to anticipate as much as possible. [05:37:38] try to anticipate as much as possible. That's why we have multiple scenarios [05:37:40] That's why we have multiple scenarios and it's also interesting because not [05:37:43] and it's also interesting because not every company will have the same [05:37:44] every company will have the same strategy. So for example, we look at the [05:37:47] strategy. So for example, we look at the the sugar uh industry in France and you [05:37:51] the sugar uh industry in France and you have different uh approaches you can use [05:37:53] have different uh approaches you can use to decarbonize. You can use bio gas, you [05:37:55] to decarbonize. You can use bio gas, you can use electrification, uh you can use [05:37:58] can use electrification, uh you can use um biomass burning by burning coal [05:38:01] um biomass burning by burning coal products to produce energy and and we [05:38:03] products to produce energy and and we know that for instance in France [05:38:06] know that for instance in France different companies uh are planning to [05:38:09] different companies uh are planning to on using different uh energy vectors. So [05:38:13] on using different uh energy vectors. So by having different options in our [05:38:16] by having different options in our scenarios, we can ensure that every [05:38:18] scenarios, we can ensure that every company uh finds uh itself in one of the [05:38:23] company uh finds uh itself in one of the plans that we propose and and can have [05:38:26] plans that we propose and and can have relevant information for for their [05:38:27] relevant information for for their investments. [05:38:29] investments. Uh so that so that's for the big [05:38:31] Uh so that so that's for the big sectoral planning and for the more [05:38:33] sectoral planning and for the more regional clusters we try to look at uh [05:38:36] regional clusters we try to look at uh we have two steps. So one in 2035 and [05:38:41] we have two steps. So one in 2035 and one in 2050. [05:38:44] one in 2050. >> Okay. Thank you very much. Um I'll now [05:38:46] >> Okay. Thank you very much. Um I'll now pass on the floor to a colleague from [05:38:49] pass on the floor to a colleague from China. [05:39:00] >> Thank you madam co-chair. So um first [05:39:04] >> Thank you madam co-chair. So um first thanks for the Korea for hosting the [05:39:06] thanks for the Korea for hosting the seventh global dialogue and investment [05:39:08] seventh global dialogue and investment focus event. China would share our [05:39:11] focus event. China would share our experience with five points. The first [05:39:14] experience with five points. The first is on the bre best practice with focuses [05:39:17] is on the bre best practice with focuses on upgrading of industrial and energy [05:39:19] on upgrading of industrial and energy structures. China vigorously develops [05:39:23] structures. China vigorously develops advanced manufacturing and high tech [05:39:25] advanced manufacturing and high tech industries and promotes the green and [05:39:27] industries and promotes the green and lowcarbon transformation of traditional [05:39:30] lowcarbon transformation of traditional industries. It has built a grain [05:39:32] industries. It has built a grain manufacturing system covering green [05:39:34] manufacturing system covering green factories, industrial parks and supply [05:39:37] factories, industrial parks and supply chains and it advances resources [05:39:40] chains and it advances resources recycling and water conservation. [05:39:43] recycling and water conservation. Digital technologies are applied to [05:39:45] Digital technologies are applied to boost carbon reduction and efficiency [05:39:48] boost carbon reduction and efficiency supported by the improved policies, [05:39:50] supported by the improved policies, standards, fiscal and financial in [05:39:53] standards, fiscal and financial in incentives forming a food chain model [05:39:56] incentives forming a food chain model for industrial green development. The [05:39:59] for industrial green development. The second point is our development [05:40:01] second point is our development achievements. There are remarkable [05:40:03] achievements. There are remarkable results having been achieved in [05:40:05] results having been achieved in industrial green transformation. Large [05:40:08] industrial green transformation. Large scale neutral low uh emission retrofits [05:40:12] scale neutral low uh emission retrofits has been completed for crude steel [05:40:14] has been completed for crude steel production capacity saving about 28 [05:40:18] production capacity saving about 28 million tons of standard core annually. [05:40:21] million tons of standard core annually. Industrial economic growth has been [05:40:23] Industrial economic growth has been supported with an average annual energy [05:40:26] supported with an average annual energy consumption growth rate around 3%. The [05:40:30] consumption growth rate around 3%. The resource recycling industry has been [05:40:32] resource recycling industry has been expanded rapidly and the water saving [05:40:35] expanded rapidly and the water saving sector has reached a considerable scale. [05:40:38] sector has reached a considerable scale. A sound grain manufacturing system has [05:40:41] A sound grain manufacturing system has been established including more than [05:40:44] been established including more than 8,000 grain factories and over 600 grain [05:40:48] 8,000 grain factories and over 600 grain industrial parks where the solid waste [05:40:51] industrial parks where the solid waste disposal rate exceed 95%. [05:40:55] disposal rate exceed 95%. The third point is on the technology [05:40:57] The third point is on the technology innovation. China leads the world in [05:41:00] innovation. China leads the world in mature technologies such as the PV, new [05:41:02] mature technologies such as the PV, new energy vehicles and the lithium [05:41:04] energy vehicles and the lithium batteries with complete industrial [05:41:07] batteries with complete industrial chains. It supplies over 80% of the [05:41:10] chains. It supplies over 80% of the world's PV module and 17% of wind power [05:41:13] world's PV module and 17% of wind power equipment. [05:41:15] equipment. Significant lowering the global energy [05:41:17] Significant lowering the global energy transition cost cutage [05:41:21] transition cost cutage uh technologies um including the [05:41:25] uh technologies um including the hydrogen energy CCUs and the grain [05:41:29] hydrogen energy CCUs and the grain methono and ammonia have been [05:41:31] methono and ammonia have been accelerated [05:41:33] accelerated providing strong support for the deep [05:41:35] providing strong support for the deep decarbonization. [05:41:37] decarbonization. The fourth point is on the [05:41:38] The fourth point is on the transformation of key industries in [05:41:41] transformation of key industries in China. The ions, iron, steel, [05:41:44] China. The ions, iron, steel, petrochemicals and building materials [05:41:46] petrochemicals and building materials and other sectors has been promoted on [05:41:49] and other sectors has been promoted on energies conservation, carbon reduction [05:41:51] energies conservation, carbon reduction and neutral low uh emission retrofits, [05:41:55] and neutral low uh emission retrofits, light industries, textile and machinery [05:41:58] light industries, textile and machinery and other industries have been upgraded [05:42:01] and other industries have been upgraded grain process and expanded resource [05:42:04] grain process and expanded resource recycling achieving steady and [05:42:06] recycling achieving steady and industrial grain transformation. [05:42:09] industrial grain transformation. The last point is on the international [05:42:11] The last point is on the international cooperation. China opposed the concept [05:42:14] cooperation. China opposed the concept of open and wing-wing development. We [05:42:17] of open and wing-wing development. We have carried out the green energy [05:42:19] have carried out the green energy cooperation with more than 100 countries [05:42:22] cooperation with more than 100 countries exporting high quality green [05:42:24] exporting high quality green technologies and equipment to help [05:42:26] technologies and equipment to help developing countries to pursue [05:42:28] developing countries to pursue affordable green transition. It actively [05:42:31] affordable green transition. It actively participates in grain and uh in global [05:42:35] participates in grain and uh in global grain governance share shares [05:42:37] grain governance share shares development experience and contributes [05:42:40] development experience and contributes to global industrial lowcarbon [05:42:42] to global industrial lowcarbon development and carbon neutrality. Thank [05:42:44] development and carbon neutrality. Thank you. [05:42:47] you. >> Thank you very much China for that um [05:42:49] >> Thank you very much China for that um insightful [05:42:52] insightful intervention outlining all the progress [05:42:54] intervention outlining all the progress that's being made in China. [05:42:58] that's being made in China. Um, do we have any further requests for [05:43:01] Um, do we have any further requests for the floor? [05:43:08] United Kingdom. [05:43:26] Hi, thank you for giving me the floor [05:43:28] Hi, thank you for giving me the floor and for convening us all here together [05:43:30] and for convening us all here together today. Um, yeah, I'd like to share some [05:43:33] today. Um, yeah, I'd like to share some Sorry, there's a fly. I'd like to share [05:43:36] Sorry, there's a fly. I'd like to share some of the uh experiences from the UK [05:43:38] some of the uh experiences from the UK in terms of the technology options and [05:43:40] in terms of the technology options and solutions that are being successfully [05:43:42] solutions that are being successfully deployed and planned for further [05:43:44] deployed and planned for further deployment. Uh, primarily we are [05:43:46] deployment. Uh, primarily we are learning through the uh lessons learned [05:43:48] learning through the uh lessons learned from our lowcarbon industrial clusters [05:43:50] from our lowcarbon industrial clusters which have been operationalized since [05:43:53] which have been operationalized since 2019. So we're working with six major [05:43:56] 2019. So we're working with six major industrial clusters which represent over [05:43:58] industrial clusters which represent over half of the UK's industrial emissions to [05:44:01] half of the UK's industrial emissions to develop net zero blue plants and move [05:44:04] develop net zero blue plants and move towards four decarbonized clusters by [05:44:06] towards four decarbonized clusters by 2030 and one net zero cluster by 2040. [05:44:11] 2030 and one net zero cluster by 2040. So to get there key technologies include [05:44:13] So to get there key technologies include industrial uh electrification and grid [05:44:16] industrial uh electrification and grid upgrades. Electrification is positioned [05:44:19] upgrades. Electrification is positioned as a key pathway for the UK. This is [05:44:21] as a key pathway for the UK. This is aligned with our clean power by 2030 [05:44:24] aligned with our clean power by 2030 mission and will be enabled by major [05:44:26] mission and will be enabled by major grid investment and optimization [05:44:28] grid investment and optimization alongside measures to reduce electricity [05:44:31] alongside measures to reduce electricity cost pressures on industry. This [05:44:34] cost pressures on industry. This electrification will be supplemented by [05:44:36] electrification will be supplemented by CCUs for hardest to abate sectors and [05:44:40] CCUs for hardest to abate sectors and process emissions and also hydrogen as [05:44:43] process emissions and also hydrogen as as a complement to electrification [05:44:45] as a complement to electrification prioritized where electrification is [05:44:48] prioritized where electrification is difficult. for example, uh feed stock [05:44:50] difficult. for example, uh feed stock uses and chemicals and refining and high [05:44:53] uses and chemicals and refining and high temperature or direct flame processes. [05:44:57] temperature or direct flame processes. We're also prioritizing energy [05:44:58] We're also prioritizing energy efficiency, circular economy and [05:45:00] efficiency, circular economy and resource efficiency. [05:45:02] resource efficiency. In terms of uh breast practice and [05:45:04] In terms of uh breast practice and lessons learned from the UK clusters [05:45:06] lessons learned from the UK clusters experience, this has been uh pulled [05:45:08] experience, this has been uh pulled together and presented in research from [05:45:10] together and presented in research from the UKRI which is the UK national [05:45:14] the UKRI which is the UK national funding agency for research and [05:45:15] funding agency for research and innovation and learning from the cluster [05:45:18] innovation and learning from the cluster experiences. They presented the [05:45:20] experiences. They presented the following recommendations to industry [05:45:22] following recommendations to industry which include providing long-term market [05:45:25] which include providing long-term market signals up to 2050. We have um several [05:45:28] signals up to 2050. We have um several interim targets for industry and and sub [05:45:31] interim targets for industry and and sub um enablers like CCUs and they were [05:45:34] um enablers like CCUs and they were quite keen that we pulled them all [05:45:36] quite keen that we pulled them all together for um kind of clearer market [05:45:38] together for um kind of clearer market signals. That's something that we are [05:45:40] signals. That's something that we are exploring to ensure further success and [05:45:42] exploring to ensure further success and unlock investment. They also recommend [05:45:45] unlock investment. They also recommend streamline permitting for shared [05:45:47] streamline permitting for shared infrastructure because planning and [05:45:49] infrastructure because planning and permitting delays for for example for [05:45:51] permitting delays for for example for CO2 pipelines or hydrogen networks can [05:45:54] CO2 pipelines or hydrogen networks can undermine delivery. So this coordination [05:45:56] undermine delivery. So this coordination and resourcing and community engagement [05:45:58] and resourcing and community engagement really matter here. They recommend [05:46:01] really matter here. They recommend creating strong enduring government [05:46:03] creating strong enduring government industry coordination. They recommended [05:46:05] industry coordination. They recommended a industrial cluster advocate role to [05:46:08] a industrial cluster advocate role to sustain delivery f uh pro focus and [05:46:11] sustain delivery f uh pro focus and feedback loops. They recommend plans for [05:46:15] feedback loops. They recommend plans for jobs and skills early because multiple [05:46:17] jobs and skills early because multiple parallel projects can create workforce [05:46:20] parallel projects can create workforce bottlenecks. So a practical skills [05:46:22] bottlenecks. So a practical skills delivery plan is needed to ensure that [05:46:24] delivery plan is needed to ensure that the the right resource is available for [05:46:26] the the right resource is available for the projects. And lastly they recommend [05:46:29] the projects. And lastly they recommend making sure that clusters are both [05:46:31] making sure that clusters are both competitive in terms of um entracting [05:46:33] competitive in terms of um entracting international investment and trade but [05:46:35] international investment and trade but also locally anchored. So engaging [05:46:37] also locally anchored. So engaging meaningfully with local communities [05:46:39] meaningfully with local communities which is particularly important in uh [05:46:42] which is particularly important in uh previously de-industrialized regions [05:46:44] previously de-industrialized regions which is where we're focusing a lot of [05:46:45] which is where we're focusing a lot of these projects. So the sort of regions [05:46:47] these projects. So the sort of regions who have lost um traditional UK [05:46:49] who have lost um traditional UK industries like textiles and coal due to [05:46:52] industries like textiles and coal due to changes in the 20th century. So [05:46:54] changes in the 20th century. So anchoring the uh new industrial projects [05:46:56] anchoring the uh new industrial projects in those areas to ensure that those [05:46:59] in those areas to ensure that those communities that were previously [05:47:00] communities that were previously suffering from higher unemployment are [05:47:02] suffering from higher unemployment are benefiting from the transition. Thank [05:47:05] benefiting from the transition. Thank you. [05:47:07] you. >> Thank thank you very much UK and it was [05:47:09] >> Thank thank you very much UK and it was interesting to see the link you're also [05:47:11] interesting to see the link you're also making to just transition [05:47:12] making to just transition considerations. [05:47:14] considerations. Um, the European Union, you're next. And [05:47:17] Um, the European Union, you're next. And you will be followed by Brazil. So, EU, [05:47:20] you will be followed by Brazil. So, EU, you have the floor. [05:47:25] >> Yeah. Thank you very much, coaches, for [05:47:27] >> Yeah. Thank you very much, coaches, for convening us here and especially also [05:47:28] convening us here and especially also thanks to the colleague of the Republic [05:47:30] thanks to the colleague of the Republic of Korea, the colleagues to host us here [05:47:34] of Korea, the colleagues to host us here and beautiful. Um [05:47:38] and beautiful. Um as as you know within the EU um maybe [05:47:42] as as you know within the EU um maybe just to start with that we have uh [05:47:44] just to start with that we have uh annual surveys on um the perception of [05:47:47] annual surveys on um the perception of of um climate policies and just to state [05:47:51] of um climate policies and just to state that as a start um we still know that [05:47:53] that as a start um we still know that climate policies and regulation are [05:47:55] climate policies and regulation are strongly supported by the citizens of [05:47:57] strongly supported by the citizens of the European Union and I'm saying this [05:48:00] the European Union and I'm saying this because when we talk about the um [05:48:04] because when we talk about the um challenges and opport opportunities that [05:48:05] challenges and opport opportunities that we see in the industrial sector. For us [05:48:09] we see in the industrial sector. For us from uh from the point of view of the [05:48:10] from uh from the point of view of the European Union, exactly those policies [05:48:12] European Union, exactly those policies and regulation are really the base that [05:48:15] and regulation are really the base that we think um uh sustainable and [05:48:19] we think um uh sustainable and comprehensive uh industrial [05:48:21] comprehensive uh industrial transformation should be based in. This [05:48:24] transformation should be based in. This is considers two let's say avenues [05:48:26] is considers two let's say avenues within the industrial sector. Of course, [05:48:29] within the industrial sector. Of course, one is the ongoing efforts to de [05:48:31] one is the ongoing efforts to de decarbonize the existing industries. um [05:48:34] decarbonize the existing industries. um which really means to um wherever [05:48:37] which really means to um wherever possible switch from a reliance on [05:48:39] possible switch from a reliance on fossil fuels to net zero sources of [05:48:41] fossil fuels to net zero sources of energy uh such as renewable electricity [05:48:44] energy uh such as renewable electricity and electrification of those industrial [05:48:46] and electrification of those industrial uh sites or the use of green hydrogen. [05:48:49] uh sites or the use of green hydrogen. But then of course um we can also talk [05:48:51] But then of course um we can also talk about these new types of industries that [05:48:54] about these new types of industries that we're creating in the transformation and [05:48:56] we're creating in the transformation and also here we think that you know [05:48:58] also here we think that you know innovations in material science in [05:49:00] innovations in material science in process efficiency uh renewable energy [05:49:03] process efficiency uh renewable energy integration are really essential for [05:49:06] integration are really essential for decarboniz the the decarbonization not [05:49:09] decarboniz the the decarbonization not only of the industry itself but also of [05:49:11] only of the industry itself but also of other sectors such as transport and [05:49:13] other sectors such as transport and buildings. Um for both avenues within [05:49:16] buildings. Um for both avenues within the EU, we uh have set in place policies [05:49:18] the EU, we uh have set in place policies that have significantly helped us to [05:49:20] that have significantly helped us to reduce emissions and also will continue [05:49:22] reduce emissions and also will continue to support a strong decarbonized and [05:49:25] to support a strong decarbonized and zero emission oriented industry. And [05:49:27] zero emission oriented industry. And I'll quickly touch upon uh three of [05:49:29] I'll quickly touch upon uh three of them. One which is really the core of [05:49:33] them. One which is really the core of our overall climate approach and climate [05:49:35] our overall climate approach and climate policies within the European Union is of [05:49:38] policies within the European Union is of course our emission trading system. And [05:49:40] course our emission trading system. And just to um to to give you some insights [05:49:44] just to um to to give you some insights on this. So as most of you are surely [05:49:46] on this. So as most of you are surely aware of the EUS is a market based [05:49:48] aware of the EUS is a market based instrument instrument. So it sets a cap [05:49:51] instrument instrument. So it sets a cap on emissions from the sectors that are [05:49:53] on emissions from the sectors that are covered by the scheme. And every year [05:49:54] covered by the scheme. And every year this cap is lower. So um we've uh in 20 [05:49:58] this cap is lower. So um we've uh in 20 in 2030 uh we have the target of 62% [05:50:01] in 2030 uh we have the target of 62% reductions compared to 25 levels uh 20 [05:50:04] reductions compared to 25 levels uh 20 2005 levels of emissions. And we are [05:50:07] 2005 levels of emissions. And we are seeing that uh because of the [05:50:09] seeing that uh because of the functioning of the ETS, we're on a very [05:50:11] functioning of the ETS, we're on a very good track to to achieve this. Um [05:50:14] good track to to achieve this. Um companies participate in the ETS by [05:50:16] companies participate in the ETS by primarily purchasing allowances in [05:50:18] primarily purchasing allowances in auctions which do then raise revenues [05:50:20] auctions which do then raise revenues for the member states to fund further [05:50:22] for the member states to fund further climate action and energy transition. So [05:50:24] climate action and energy transition. So a little bit also aligned and uh [05:50:27] a little bit also aligned and uh referencing what we heard in this in the [05:50:29] referencing what we heard in this in the panel discussion before this is really a [05:50:31] panel discussion before this is really a tool for us in the European Union to um [05:50:34] tool for us in the European Union to um finance the transformation also of the [05:50:36] finance the transformation also of the industry sector. And just to give you [05:50:38] industry sector. And just to give you some numbers, by the end of 2024, [05:50:41] some numbers, by the end of 2024, the UES helped to drive down the [05:50:43] the UES helped to drive down the emissions from the electricity and heat [05:50:45] emissions from the electricity and heat generation and industrial manufacturing [05:50:47] generation and industrial manufacturing uh by 50% 50 so 50-0 compared to 20 uh [05:50:52] uh by 50% 50 so 50-0 compared to 20 uh 2005 levels and um with this progress we [05:50:56] 2005 levels and um with this progress we are on track as I said to the 62% [05:50:58] are on track as I said to the 62% reduction. Um by mid 2025 the EUS also [05:51:02] reduction. Um by mid 2025 the EUS also raised over or around already 250 [05:51:06] raised over or around already 250 billion euros through the sale of the [05:51:08] billion euros through the sale of the allowances and uh the revenue alone in [05:51:11] allowances and uh the revenue alone in 2024 reached almost 40 billion and this [05:51:14] 2024 reached almost 40 billion and this goes primarily to national budgets but [05:51:16] goes primarily to national budgets but also um under the ETS2 which is uh uh [05:51:20] also um under the ETS2 which is uh uh the the ETS as it was also mentioned [05:51:22] the the ETS as it was also mentioned before covering for instance transport [05:51:24] before covering for instance transport buildings um also into the social [05:51:26] buildings um also into the social climate fund to really make sure that [05:51:28] climate fund to really make sure that nobody's left behind within the European [05:51:30] nobody's left behind within the European Union. [05:51:31] Union. Let me also quickly touch upon another [05:51:34] Let me also quickly touch upon another policy uh that we have in that we're [05:51:36] policy uh that we have in that we're setting in place which is the EU [05:51:38] setting in place which is the EU industrial carbon management strategy. [05:51:40] industrial carbon management strategy. Um because we heard a lot about carbon [05:51:42] Um because we heard a lot about carbon management already today in the in the [05:51:44] management already today in the in the presentations. So here of course [05:51:46] presentations. So here of course achieving the ambitious EU climate [05:51:47] achieving the ambitious EU climate targets and weaning off our reliance on [05:51:49] targets and weaning off our reliance on fossil fuels requires decisive climate [05:51:51] fossil fuels requires decisive climate action across all sectors. Uh and in [05:51:54] action across all sectors. Uh and in this regard this strategy was drafted. [05:51:56] this regard this strategy was drafted. Um it remains of course clear that uh [05:51:59] Um it remains of course clear that uh the uh man the strategy itself is [05:52:02] the uh man the strategy itself is complement to the mitigation of [05:52:04] complement to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions necessary in [05:52:06] greenhouse gas emissions necessary in the first place but um though for [05:52:08] the first place but um though for especially for industrial processes um [05:52:11] especially for industrial processes um and where there's hard to bait sectors [05:52:13] and where there's hard to bait sectors and hard to bait the uh the hard to bait [05:52:16] and hard to bait the uh the hard to bait industries uh this comes into place and [05:52:19] industries uh this comes into place and the idea is that uh this industrial [05:52:21] the idea is that uh this industrial carbon management strategy is a step [05:52:23] carbon management strategy is a step towards a more homogeneous deployment of [05:52:25] towards a more homogeneous deployment of carbon capture and storage and carbon [05:52:27] carbon capture and storage and carbon capture and utilization and permanent [05:52:29] capture and utilization and permanent carbon removals in Europe. Um it [05:52:32] carbon removals in Europe. Um it supports the creation of a single market [05:52:34] supports the creation of a single market for CO2 transport and storage services [05:52:36] for CO2 transport and storage services throughout Europe by 2030. And um maybe [05:52:39] throughout Europe by 2030. And um maybe also to add another fact on the overall [05:52:42] also to add another fact on the overall carbon management uh topic that comes [05:52:45] carbon management uh topic that comes from another policy that we have in the [05:52:47] from another policy that we have in the European uh union namely the EU net zero [05:52:50] European uh union namely the EU net zero industrial act industry act is that um [05:52:54] industrial act industry act is that um dealing with the uh greenhouse gases [05:52:56] dealing with the uh greenhouse gases emissions from the industry sector we [05:52:58] emissions from the industry sector we aim to create an EU market for CO2 [05:53:00] aim to create an EU market for CO2 storage services and to achieve that um [05:53:04] storage services and to achieve that um we're setting in place an EU CO2 [05:53:06] we're setting in place an EU CO2 injection capacity target of at least 50 [05:53:09] injection capacity target of at least 50 million tons per year by 2030 and this [05:53:12] million tons per year by 2030 and this includes an obligation for 44 EU oil and [05:53:15] includes an obligation for 44 EU oil and gas producers to achieve this target. So [05:53:18] gas producers to achieve this target. So uh these producers must develop annual [05:53:20] uh these producers must develop annual CO2 injection targets well and injection [05:53:23] CO2 injection targets well and injection capacity in the EU by 2030. And let me [05:53:26] capacity in the EU by 2030. And let me just briefly also touch upon because I [05:53:28] just briefly also touch upon because I think that is an we think it is an [05:53:30] think that is an we think it is an important element as well of this whole [05:53:31] important element as well of this whole discussion stakeholder engagement. Just [05:53:34] discussion stakeholder engagement. Just recently in the in Brussels hosted by [05:53:37] recently in the in Brussels hosted by the European Commission, we had a high [05:53:38] the European Commission, we had a high level dialogue with the cement industry [05:53:41] level dialogue with the cement industry uh just to understand also how we can [05:53:43] uh just to understand also how we can support and foster the uh [05:53:45] support and foster the uh decommunization of of of this specific [05:53:47] decommunization of of of this specific sub sector in the industry sector and uh [05:53:51] sub sector in the industry sector and uh some solutions that we already heard [05:53:53] some solutions that we already heard here today were captured there as well. [05:53:55] here today were captured there as well. So I just want to um repeat them. Uh, of [05:53:58] So I just want to um repeat them. Uh, of course the industry mentioned that the [05:54:00] course the industry mentioned that the full range of solutions is necessary [05:54:02] full range of solutions is necessary from carbon capture and storage in hard [05:54:04] from carbon capture and storage in hard to bait industries such as cement to [05:54:06] to bait industries such as cement to clinker substitution and other [05:54:07] clinker substitution and other innovative technologies. But they also [05:54:09] innovative technologies. But they also mentioned three main enablers. One is um [05:54:13] mentioned three main enablers. One is um the need to mobilize more private [05:54:14] the need to mobilize more private finance notably through de-risisking [05:54:16] finance notably through de-risisking instruments such as carbon contracts for [05:54:18] instruments such as carbon contracts for difference within the EU. um the need [05:54:20] difference within the EU. um the need for greater policy coherence and reduced [05:54:23] for greater policy coherence and reduced administrative burden which of course um [05:54:25] administrative burden which of course um we we are also implementing with uh some [05:54:27] we we are also implementing with uh some simplification processes within the EU [05:54:30] simplification processes within the EU and uh last but not least also having a [05:54:32] and uh last but not least also having a skilled workforce which is really [05:54:34] skilled workforce which is really important to ensure that the [05:54:35] important to ensure that the transformation within the industry [05:54:37] transformation within the industry sector can work and I close here. Thanks [05:54:39] sector can work and I close here. Thanks a lot. [05:54:41] a lot. Thank you very much EU and um thank you [05:54:44] Thank you very much EU and um thank you for the emphasis also on the role of um [05:54:48] for the emphasis also on the role of um the market based instruments um which I [05:54:51] the market based instruments um which I think we will come and delve into a [05:54:53] think we will come and delve into a little bit later in more detail. Um [05:54:57] little bit later in more detail. Um Australia, you're next. [05:55:14] Thank you very much. It's been a really [05:55:15] Thank you very much. It's been a really interesting discussion so far. So, I'm [05:55:17] interesting discussion so far. So, I'm going to share some examples from [05:55:19] going to share some examples from Australia's national experience. [05:55:22] Australia's national experience. Maybe as a starting contextual point, as [05:55:25] Maybe as a starting contextual point, as in a lot of countries, the industrial [05:55:26] in a lot of countries, the industrial sector is is absolutely vital to [05:55:28] sector is is absolutely vital to Australia's economy. uh it is very [05:55:31] Australia's economy. uh it is very reliant on on fossil fuels and the [05:55:34] reliant on on fossil fuels and the transition in the industrial sector is [05:55:36] transition in the industrial sector is certainly complex and challenging but [05:55:38] certainly complex and challenging but from the Australian government's [05:55:40] from the Australian government's perspective it's absolutely vital to to [05:55:42] perspective it's absolutely vital to to transition for for this these industries [05:55:44] transition for for this these industries to remain competitive and it does [05:55:46] to remain competitive and it does present significant opportunities for [05:55:48] present significant opportunities for economic growth and jobs and I think [05:55:50] economic growth and jobs and I think that point is has come through in a few [05:55:52] that point is has come through in a few different interventions uh today [05:55:55] different interventions uh today so last year we released the industry [05:55:57] so last year we released the industry sector plan alongside five other sector [05:56:00] sector plan alongside five other sector AL plans and our net zero plan and our [05:56:02] AL plans and our net zero plan and our 2035 NDC. And this plan outlines in [05:56:05] 2035 NDC. And this plan outlines in detail Australia's approach to [05:56:07] detail Australia's approach to decarbonizing our industries. [05:56:10] decarbonizing our industries. So the points made by France, the the UK [05:56:13] So the points made by France, the the UK and others about the utility of this [05:56:14] and others about the utility of this kind of strategic planning uh very much [05:56:17] kind of strategic planning uh very much resonate in the Australian context as [05:56:19] resonate in the Australian context as well. [05:56:20] well. So I I'll give a quick summary of some [05:56:23] So I I'll give a quick summary of some of the the key strategies in this plan. [05:56:24] of the the key strategies in this plan. And I I think another point that that [05:56:26] And I I think another point that that really resonated um from NASA from Saudi [05:56:29] really resonated um from NASA from Saudi Arabia which highlighted the importance [05:56:30] Arabia which highlighted the importance of a combination of different solutions [05:56:32] of a combination of different solutions and technologies that that also really [05:56:34] and technologies that that also really resonates in Australia. [05:56:37] resonates in Australia. So in the near term which is is out to [05:56:39] So in the near term which is is out to 2030 the focus is on developing industry [05:56:42] 2030 the focus is on developing industry knowledge and the deployment of existing [05:56:44] knowledge and the deployment of existing commercial abatement opportunities and [05:56:47] commercial abatement opportunities and technologies. [05:56:48] technologies. So to expand a little bit on what I mean [05:56:50] So to expand a little bit on what I mean by commercial uh existing commercial [05:56:53] by commercial uh existing commercial abatement technologies. So, so firstly [05:56:55] abatement technologies. So, so firstly electrification backed in by the [05:56:57] electrification backed in by the buildout of renewables in our [05:56:59] buildout of renewables in our electricity grid. Um, that's really [05:57:01] electricity grid. Um, that's really crucial. So, for example, uh, heat pumps [05:57:04] crucial. So, for example, uh, heat pumps to replace gas heating, electric [05:57:06] to replace gas heating, electric boilers, and electric smelting furnaces. [05:57:09] boilers, and electric smelting furnaces. Uh, secondly, energy and material [05:57:12] Uh, secondly, energy and material efficiency upgrades. So, for example, [05:57:14] efficiency upgrades. So, for example, the use of heat recovery or thermal [05:57:16] the use of heat recovery or thermal energy storage, upgrades to old [05:57:19] energy storage, upgrades to old equipment and smart technologies to [05:57:21] equipment and smart technologies to monitor and optimize manufacturing [05:57:23] monitor and optimize manufacturing processes, [05:57:25] processes, and lastly, the use of alternative fuels [05:57:27] and lastly, the use of alternative fuels such as lowcarbon fuels and renewable [05:57:29] such as lowcarbon fuels and renewable gases. [05:57:32] gases. Another really key part of this strategy [05:57:34] Another really key part of this strategy uh is regulatory instruments. So the key [05:57:36] uh is regulatory instruments. So the key one in Australia is called the safeguard [05:57:38] one in Australia is called the safeguard mechanism and this drives abatement by [05:57:41] mechanism and this drives abatement by placing um emissions limits on [05:57:43] placing um emissions limits on Australia's largest industrial um [05:57:45] Australia's largest industrial um emitting facilities. [05:57:48] emitting facilities. Uh and of course another really key [05:57:49] Uh and of course another really key strategy in the near-term period is [05:57:52] strategy in the near-term period is investments now in future technological [05:57:54] investments now in future technological opportunities that will be required for [05:57:56] opportunities that will be required for the whole sector and particularly hard [05:57:58] the whole sector and particularly hard to abate sectors um to reach net zero. [05:58:03] to abate sectors um to reach net zero. Uh so moving on to the medium-term which [05:58:04] Uh so moving on to the medium-term which is uh 2030 to 2035 the focus will shift [05:58:08] is uh 2030 to 2035 the focus will shift to a more widespread deployment of [05:58:10] to a more widespread deployment of technologies to electrify and improve uh [05:58:12] technologies to electrify and improve uh efficiency and that includes in hard to [05:58:15] efficiency and that includes in hard to abate sectors like iron, steel and [05:58:17] abate sectors like iron, steel and aluminina as these um technologies [05:58:20] aluminina as these um technologies become more widely available and [05:58:21] become more widely available and affordable [05:58:22] affordable as well as the commercialization and [05:58:24] as well as the commercialization and scaling up of alternative feed stocks [05:58:26] scaling up of alternative feed stocks like hydrogen. [05:58:28] like hydrogen. Uh and lastly in in the longer term [05:58:30] Uh and lastly in in the longer term which is uh 2035 to 2050 um there's a [05:58:33] which is uh 2035 to 2050 um there's a focus on on um upgrading the safeguard [05:58:36] focus on on um upgrading the safeguard mechanism to drive abatement from the [05:58:38] mechanism to drive abatement from the industry sector to net zero as well as a [05:58:40] industry sector to net zero as well as a growth of new industry opportunities in [05:58:42] growth of new industry opportunities in areas where Australia has a comparative [05:58:44] areas where Australia has a comparative advantage such as green metals, green [05:58:47] advantage such as green metals, green chemicals and and clean energy [05:58:48] chemicals and and clean energy manufacturing. [05:58:50] manufacturing. Uh so the final point I make here is [05:58:53] Uh so the final point I make here is that the transition in Australia's [05:58:55] that the transition in Australia's indust industrial sector um absolutely [05:58:57] indust industrial sector um absolutely relies on having um enough renewables in [05:58:59] relies on having um enough renewables in our grid and to have the necessary grid [05:59:01] our grid and to have the necessary grid infrastructure. So this um pathway for [05:59:04] infrastructure. So this um pathway for industrial decarbonization is is [05:59:06] industrial decarbonization is is absolutely linked to the um near-term [05:59:09] absolutely linked to the um near-term transition of our energy systems. So we [05:59:12] transition of our energy systems. So we have a renewable electricity target of [05:59:14] have a renewable electricity target of 82% by 2030 and we are making good [05:59:17] 82% by 2030 and we are making good progress. Um in September 2025, [05:59:21] progress. Um in September 2025, Australia saw renewables overtake coal [05:59:23] Australia saw renewables overtake coal as the largest source of energy in our [05:59:25] as the largest source of energy in our national electricity market for the [05:59:26] national electricity market for the first time. Um we've doubled the amount [05:59:29] first time. Um we've doubled the amount of renewable energy in our system in the [05:59:31] of renewable energy in our system in the last six years and we'll need to double [05:59:32] last six years and we'll need to double it again out to 2030 to meet our target. [05:59:35] it again out to 2030 to meet our target. That's all. Thank you. [05:59:38] That's all. Thank you. >> Thank you very much. um Australia. I [05:59:41] >> Thank you very much. um Australia. I think one of the things I'm really [05:59:42] think one of the things I'm really enjoying is to see that there is a lot [05:59:44] enjoying is to see that there is a lot of um similarity even though you know [05:59:47] of um similarity even though you know contextualized um across the different [05:59:50] contextualized um across the different countries. Um Japan you're next followed [05:59:54] countries. Um Japan you're next followed by Norway. [06:00:06] Well, thank you so much for giving me [06:00:08] Well, thank you so much for giving me the giving me the floor. So, Japan's [06:00:10] the giving me the floor. So, Japan's experience demonstrate that under the [06:00:13] experience demonstrate that under the green transformation policy which aims [06:00:16] green transformation policy which aims to simultaneously achieve energy [06:00:18] to simultaneously achieve energy security, economic growth and [06:00:21] security, economic growth and decarbonization. So, it is essential to [06:00:24] decarbonization. So, it is essential to implement support measures in an [06:00:26] implement support measures in an integrated manner with regulatory and [06:00:29] integrated manner with regulatory and institutional measures. [06:00:32] institutional measures. In particular, in their industrial art [06:00:34] In particular, in their industrial art sector, Japan is advancing three pillars [06:00:37] sector, Japan is advancing three pillars in an integrated way. Technology [06:00:40] in an integrated way. Technology development, investment promotion, and [06:00:42] development, investment promotion, and demand creation for GX products. This [06:00:46] demand creation for GX products. This three-pillar approach uh constitutes [06:00:49] three-pillar approach uh constitutes Japan's fundamental strategy for [06:00:51] Japan's fundamental strategy for addressing hard to abate sectors such as [06:00:54] addressing hard to abate sectors such as iron, steel, chemicals, and cement. [06:00:59] iron, steel, chemicals, and cement. On the technology front, Japan utilize [06:01:02] On the technology front, Japan utilize uh their green innovation fund to [06:01:05] uh their green innovation fund to provide continuous support from research [06:01:07] provide continuous support from research and development through demonstration to [06:01:11] and development through demonstration to social implementation. [06:01:13] social implementation. Specifically uh in the iron and steel [06:01:16] Specifically uh in the iron and steel sector, Japan is advancing hydrogen [06:01:19] sector, Japan is advancing hydrogen reduction technology using blaster [06:01:21] reduction technology using blaster furnaces as well as direct hydrogen [06:01:23] furnaces as well as direct hydrogen reduction technology to reduce lowgrade [06:01:26] reduction technology to reduce lowgrade ion or using only hydrogen. [06:01:30] ion or using only hydrogen. In the chemical sector, Japan is [06:01:32] In the chemical sector, Japan is promoting the development of advanced [06:01:35] promoting the development of advanced after cracking technologies using [06:01:37] after cracking technologies using carbon-f free heat sources as well as [06:01:40] carbon-f free heat sources as well as technology to produce chemicals from [06:01:44] technology to produce chemicals from waste plastics, CO2 alcohols and other [06:01:47] waste plastics, CO2 alcohols and other feed stocks. In the cement sector, Japan [06:01:51] feed stocks. In the cement sector, Japan is advancing the development of CO2 [06:01:54] is advancing the development of CO2 capturing cement manufacturing [06:01:56] capturing cement manufacturing processes. [06:01:58] processes. At the same time, Japan recognizes that [06:02:01] At the same time, Japan recognizes that technology development alone is not [06:02:04] technology development alone is not sufficient and that is necessary to [06:02:07] sufficient and that is necessary to combine largecale capital investment [06:02:10] combine largecale capital investment support with demand creation [06:02:14] support with demand creation in Japan through upfront investment [06:02:16] in Japan through upfront investment support utilizing green transformation [06:02:20] support utilizing green transformation economy trans bond support is provided [06:02:23] economy trans bond support is provided for largecale capital investment [06:02:26] for largecale capital investment associated with the manufacturing [06:02:28] associated with the manufacturing processes. [06:02:29] processes. transformation in hard to arate sectors. [06:02:33] transformation in hard to arate sectors. Furthermore, for GX products, Japan is [06:02:37] Furthermore, for GX products, Japan is promoting the visualization of GX value, [06:02:41] promoting the visualization of GX value, creating initial demand through public [06:02:44] creating initial demand through public procurement and developing an [06:02:46] procurement and developing an environmental in which such products are [06:02:50] environmental in which such products are appropriately valued in the private [06:02:53] appropriately valued in the private sector. [06:02:54] sector. In addition, under the growth oriented [06:02:57] In addition, under the growth oriented carbon pricing concept, Japan is [06:02:59] carbon pricing concept, Japan is gradually introducing carbon pricing [06:03:02] gradually introducing carbon pricing measures including an emissions trading [06:03:05] measures including an emissions trading system and a fossil fuel levy while [06:03:08] system and a fossil fuel levy while combining these with upfront investment [06:03:10] combining these with upfront investment support. [06:03:12] support. In this way um their integrated [06:03:14] In this way um their integrated implementation of regulatory and [06:03:17] implementation of regulatory and institutional measures together with [06:03:19] institutional measures together with support measures has been critical in [06:03:23] support measures has been critical in encouraging the front loading of [06:03:25] encouraging the front loading of corporate GX investment. That's all. [06:03:28] corporate GX investment. That's all. Thank you. [06:03:31] Thank you. >> Thank you very much. Japan uh Norway you [06:03:35] >> Thank you very much. Japan uh Norway you have the floor and you'll be followed by [06:03:38] have the floor and you'll be followed by the farmers group and then Morocco. [06:03:46] Okay, thank you very much. I'll I'll [06:03:49] Okay, thank you very much. I'll I'll share some experiences and and [06:03:50] share some experiences and and perspectives from from Norway. Uh in [06:03:54] perspectives from from Norway. Uh in Norway, a large share of our greenhouse [06:03:56] Norway, a large share of our greenhouse gas emissions come from industry about [06:03:59] gas emissions come from industry about one quarter of total national emissions [06:04:01] one quarter of total national emissions and industrial sector includes a range [06:04:03] and industrial sector includes a range of sub sectors such as aluminium and [06:04:05] of sub sectors such as aluminium and cement many of which are characterized [06:04:06] cement many of which are characterized by high share of hardware bait [06:04:08] by high share of hardware bait emissions. So in order to significantly [06:04:11] emissions. So in order to significantly reduce national emissions, the industry [06:04:13] reduce national emissions, the industry sector is key for us. And since 1990, [06:04:16] sector is key for us. And since 1990, emissions from Norwegian industry have [06:04:18] emissions from Norwegian industry have been reduced by around 40%. Reductions [06:04:22] been reduced by around 40%. Reductions mainly due to improved technologies [06:04:23] mainly due to improved technologies targeting non CO2 emissions such as [06:04:26] targeting non CO2 emissions such as nitrous oxides in nitric acid production [06:04:28] nitrous oxides in nitric acid production and PFC's in the aluminium industry as [06:04:32] and PFC's in the aluminium industry as well as more efficient production of [06:04:33] well as more efficient production of better process optimalization. [06:04:36] better process optimalization. But importantly, the emission reductions [06:04:38] But importantly, the emission reductions has happened while industry output has [06:04:41] has happened while industry output has increased. [06:04:43] increased. Beside pure technical and process [06:04:45] Beside pure technical and process optimalization, [06:04:46] optimalization, MRV systems backed by regulatory [06:04:49] MRV systems backed by regulatory requirements were a crucial elements in [06:04:52] requirements were a crucial elements in achieving this. [06:04:54] achieving this. These experiences give two important [06:04:56] These experiences give two important insights. First, there is significant [06:04:59] insights. First, there is significant potential to reduce non CO2 emissions [06:05:01] potential to reduce non CO2 emissions through new technologies and continued [06:05:04] through new technologies and continued optimalization. not only in Norway but [06:05:06] optimalization. not only in Norway but globally. [06:05:08] globally. Second, the highlight the fundamental [06:05:10] Second, the highlight the fundamental challenge to many hardware based sectors [06:05:13] challenge to many hardware based sectors and carbon and therefore CO2 is an [06:05:15] and carbon and therefore CO2 is an integrated part of the chemical [06:05:17] integrated part of the chemical processes in many industrial processes [06:05:20] processes in many industrial processes and many of which use the same core [06:05:22] and many of which use the same core technology [06:05:23] technology has used the same core technology since [06:05:25] has used the same core technology since the industry became industrialized. So [06:05:29] the industry became industrialized. So going beyond efficiency improvements and [06:05:31] going beyond efficiency improvements and optimalization requires the development [06:05:33] optimalization requires the development of entirely new technologies and [06:05:36] of entirely new technologies and entirely new solutions. And this may [06:05:38] entirely new solutions. And this may include technology based on direct [06:05:40] include technology based on direct electrification, use of grid hydrogen, [06:05:43] electrification, use of grid hydrogen, replacing fossil carbon with biocarbon [06:05:45] replacing fossil carbon with biocarbon for some processes. And CCS is also key [06:05:49] for some processes. And CCS is also key is key solution [06:05:51] is key solution and successful policies for scaling up [06:05:54] and successful policies for scaling up mitig mitigation efforts in industries [06:05:58] mitig mitigation efforts in industries may need a combination of measures. And [06:06:00] may need a combination of measures. And from an innovation perspective, carbon [06:06:02] from an innovation perspective, carbon pricing is and should be the backbone of [06:06:04] pricing is and should be the backbone of our climate policies. And we have a [06:06:06] our climate policies. And we have a coverage about 85% of our of our [06:06:08] coverage about 85% of our of our emissions providing economywide [06:06:10] emissions providing economywide incentives to reduce emissions in daily [06:06:12] incentives to reduce emissions in daily operations while also encouraging [06:06:14] operations while also encouraging investments in research and development [06:06:16] investments in research and development and investments. [06:06:18] and investments. At the same time, due to various [06:06:20] At the same time, due to various barriers, public support for research [06:06:22] barriers, public support for research development is important. The mission [06:06:24] development is important. The mission government has decided that all public [06:06:26] government has decided that all public support granted to businesses should be [06:06:28] support granted to businesses should be structured so that funded project are [06:06:30] structured so that funded project are aligned with the Paris agreement. [06:06:34] aligned with the Paris agreement. As presented by my colleague earlier [06:06:36] As presented by my colleague earlier today in 2025, [06:06:39] today in 2025, Norway also launched Europe's first [06:06:40] Norway also launched Europe's first full-scale CO2 management value chain. [06:06:43] full-scale CO2 management value chain. The first volume originated actually [06:06:45] The first volume originated actually from hardware bait pro emission from [06:06:47] from hardware bait pro emission from cement and were injected and stored for [06:06:50] cement and were injected and stored for the first time in August last year. This [06:06:52] the first time in August last year. This project opens for scaling up [06:06:54] project opens for scaling up implementation and decarbonization of [06:06:56] implementation and decarbonization of industries outside of Norway, providing [06:06:58] industries outside of Norway, providing a full value chain for capturing and [06:07:00] a full value chain for capturing and storing emissions from industrial plants [06:07:01] storing emissions from industrial plants in our region and is now planned for [06:07:04] in our region and is now planned for capturing and storing in storage of [06:07:05] capturing and storing in storage of emissions from additional industrial [06:07:07] emissions from additional industrial plants in the Netherlands, Denmark as [06:07:09] plants in the Netherlands, Denmark as well as Norway. Thank you. [06:07:13] well as Norway. Thank you. >> Thank you very much. Norway. Uh we now [06:07:16] >> Thank you very much. Norway. Uh we now have the representative of the farmers [06:07:17] have the representative of the farmers group. [06:07:28] Good afternoon. I am from the Asian [06:07:31] Good afternoon. I am from the Asian Farmers Association, one of the three [06:07:34] Farmers Association, one of the three representatives of the farmers [06:07:35] representatives of the farmers constituency here in climate week three. [06:07:39] constituency here in climate week three. Thank you for giving us the floor. From [06:07:41] Thank you for giving us the floor. From an agriculture perspective, [06:07:43] an agriculture perspective, decarbonizing industry has a dual [06:07:46] decarbonizing industry has a dual dimension. On the one hand, the [06:07:49] dimension. On the one hand, the energyintensive parts of the sector such [06:07:51] energyintensive parts of the sector such as greenhouseure and cooperatives are [06:07:55] as greenhouseure and cooperatives are facing similar challenges as the global [06:07:58] facing similar challenges as the global industry in reducing their own CO2 [06:08:01] industry in reducing their own CO2 emissions. On the other hand, farmers [06:08:04] emissions. On the other hand, farmers could contribute to the decarbonization [06:08:06] could contribute to the decarbonization of the wider industry through energy and [06:08:09] of the wider industry through energy and resource integration. [06:08:12] resource integration. for our own transition. Key technologies [06:08:15] for our own transition. Key technologies include solar, wind, geothermal energy [06:08:19] include solar, wind, geothermal energy as a stable renewable heat and [06:08:21] as a stable renewable heat and electricity alternative for fossils [06:08:24] electricity alternative for fossils combined with the use of residual heat [06:08:26] combined with the use of residual heat from nearby industry data centers and [06:08:29] from nearby industry data centers and increasingly also from hydrogen [06:08:31] increasingly also from hydrogen production. [06:08:33] production. These climate neutral energy [06:08:35] These climate neutral energy technologies are complemented by [06:08:37] technologies are complemented by continuous improvements in energy [06:08:40] continuous improvements in energy efficiency and the electrification of [06:08:42] efficiency and the electrification of production processes were feasible. [06:08:46] production processes were feasible. Meanwhile, the agriculture and farming [06:08:49] Meanwhile, the agriculture and farming sector provides solutions for the [06:08:51] sector provides solutions for the industry through carbon capture and [06:08:55] industry through carbon capture and utilization. [06:08:56] utilization. Carbon captured from industrial [06:08:58] Carbon captured from industrial processes can be reused in agriculture, [06:09:01] processes can be reused in agriculture, effectively closing carbon loops and [06:09:04] effectively closing carbon loops and preventing the combustion of natural gas [06:09:07] preventing the combustion of natural gas to use this carbon as fertilizer in [06:09:10] to use this carbon as fertilizer in climate neutral green houses. [06:09:12] climate neutral green houses. Agriculture could equally act as a [06:09:15] Agriculture could equally act as a flexible user of residual heat, helping [06:09:18] flexible user of residual heat, helping to valorize energy streams that would [06:09:21] to valorize energy streams that would otherwise be wasted. [06:09:24] otherwise be wasted. In addition, agriculture offers [06:09:26] In addition, agriculture offers important opportunities for renewable [06:09:29] important opportunities for renewable energy production for the energy for the [06:09:31] energy production for the energy for the industry. Bio energy, for example, from [06:09:34] industry. Bio energy, for example, from biomass residues, manure or bio gas, can [06:09:38] biomass residues, manure or bio gas, can supply in serious quantities renewable [06:09:41] supply in serious quantities renewable energy, fostering the decarbonization of [06:09:44] energy, fostering the decarbonization of industry, as well as the reduction of [06:09:46] industry, as well as the reduction of methane and nitrogen emissions from [06:09:49] methane and nitrogen emissions from farms and the local production of [06:09:51] farms and the local production of manure-based fertilizers. [06:09:54] manure-based fertilizers. Family farmers in Asia, for example, [06:09:57] Family farmers in Asia, for example, practice agroecological and aquae [06:09:59] practice agroecological and aquae ecologic systems using practices such as [06:10:02] ecologic systems using practices such as integrated diversified organic natural [06:10:05] integrated diversified organic natural farming and agroforestry. And some [06:10:08] farming and agroforestry. And some agriculture cooperatives, for example, [06:10:10] agriculture cooperatives, for example, in the Philippines where I come from [06:10:12] in the Philippines where I come from produce organic fertilizer through [06:10:14] produce organic fertilizer through massive collection of pig and chicken [06:10:17] massive collection of pig and chicken manure from thousands of their members [06:10:20] manure from thousands of their members in the locality. [06:10:22] in the locality. Concurrently, the sector has strong [06:10:24] Concurrently, the sector has strong potential to produce solar, wind, and [06:10:27] potential to produce solar, wind, and hydrogen energy in the future, [06:10:29] hydrogen energy in the future, particularly in rural communities, [06:10:32] particularly in rural communities, enabling farms to become net energy [06:10:34] enabling farms to become net energy producers. [06:10:36] producers. Grids are needed to transfer this energy [06:10:38] Grids are needed to transfer this energy of course from the farms to industry. [06:10:42] of course from the farms to industry. We think the real strength lies in [06:10:44] We think the real strength lies in circular and integrated systems. Through [06:10:47] circular and integrated systems. Through cascading use of heat and CO2 between [06:10:50] cascading use of heat and CO2 between agriculture, industry and the built [06:10:53] agriculture, industry and the built environment, efficiency gains can be [06:10:56] environment, efficiency gains can be maximized. Ultimately, strong [06:10:59] maximized. Ultimately, strong collaboration across sectors is [06:11:01] collaboration across sectors is essential. This enables agriculture not [06:11:04] essential. This enables agriculture not only to decarbonize itself but also to [06:11:07] only to decarbonize itself but also to actively support a broader circular and [06:11:11] actively support a broader circular and climate neutral industrial system and [06:11:14] climate neutral industrial system and support adaptation and resiliency as for [06:11:17] support adaptation and resiliency as for many farmers mitigation should go hand [06:11:20] many farmers mitigation should go hand in hand with adapt adaptation. Thank [06:11:22] in hand with adapt adaptation. Thank you. [06:11:24] you. Thank you very much um for that example [06:11:27] Thank you very much um for that example of of circularity and how you not only [06:11:31] of of circularity and how you not only can reduce emissions in the sector but [06:11:34] can reduce emissions in the sector but also leverage the sector as a power as a [06:11:37] also leverage the sector as a power as a power to decarbonize um elsewhere. Thank [06:11:39] power to decarbonize um elsewhere. Thank you. I now have Morocco followed by [06:11:42] you. I now have Morocco followed by Brazil, the environment nos's and then [06:11:45] Brazil, the environment nos's and then you need Morocco you have the floor. [06:11:49] you need Morocco you have the floor. >> Thank you chair for giving me the floor. [06:11:52] >> Thank you chair for giving me the floor. uh chair distinguished delegates [06:11:55] uh chair distinguished delegates Morocco attaches Greece importance to [06:11:57] Morocco attaches Greece importance to the decarbonization of industry [06:12:00] the decarbonization of industry particularly hard to abate sectors such [06:12:02] particularly hard to abate sectors such as cement and phosphhats as a central [06:12:06] as cement and phosphhats as a central pillar of its enhanced indic 3.0 and its [06:12:09] pillar of its enhanced indic 3.0 and its long-term low emission development road [06:12:11] long-term low emission development road map. With regards to the first guiding [06:12:14] map. With regards to the first guiding question, Morocco's experience [06:12:16] question, Morocco's experience demonstrates that a portfolio of major [06:12:19] demonstrates that a portfolio of major and scalable solutions can early deliver [06:12:22] and scalable solutions can early deliver significant emissions reductions, [06:12:24] significant emissions reductions, particularly in the cement sector. [06:12:27] particularly in the cement sector. Over the past decades, the Moroccan [06:12:30] Over the past decades, the Moroccan simmon industry has undertaken early and [06:12:32] simmon industry has undertaken early and sustained action achievement today. a [06:12:35] sustained action achievement today. a carbon Anton city of around uh 550 [06:12:39] carbon Anton city of around uh 550 kilograms dioxide carbon per ton of [06:12:42] kilograms dioxide carbon per ton of cement nearly 80% of electricity [06:12:45] cement nearly 80% of electricity consumption from ruinable sources [06:12:49] consumption from ruinable sources increasing substitutions of fossil fuel [06:12:52] increasing substitutions of fossil fuel through alternative fs reaching route 24 [06:12:55] through alternative fs reaching route 24 and a reduced clinker ratio aligned with [06:12:58] and a reduced clinker ratio aligned with international best practices. [06:13:02] international best practices. Building on this uh foundation, the [06:13:04] Building on this uh foundation, the sector has adopted a clear and [06:13:06] sector has adopted a clear and structured decarbonization road map. In [06:13:09] structured decarbonization road map. In the short to midterm term, the sector is [06:13:11] the short to midterm term, the sector is committed to achieving a 23 [06:13:15] committed to achieving a 23 uh% reduction in emissions by 2030 [06:13:19] uh% reduction in emissions by 2030 through four main le levers. scaling up [06:13:22] through four main le levers. scaling up alternative worlds, expanding renewable [06:13:25] alternative worlds, expanding renewable electricity and electrification, [06:13:28] electricity and electrification, reducing clinker content and improving [06:13:31] reducing clinker content and improving energy efficiency. Looking ahead, the [06:13:34] energy efficiency. Looking ahead, the productions will depend on [06:13:36] productions will depend on transformation technologies parti [06:13:39] transformation technologies parti particularly carbon capture as well as [06:13:41] particularly carbon capture as well as further exertification and innovation in [06:13:44] further exertification and innovation in lowcarbon materials requiring adequate [06:13:47] lowcarbon materials requiring adequate finance and enabling frameworks. [06:13:50] finance and enabling frameworks. Regarding the second guiding question, [06:13:52] Regarding the second guiding question, Morocco identifies several key [06:13:54] Morocco identifies several key opportunities to accelerate and scale up [06:13:57] opportunities to accelerate and scale up industrial decarbonization. [06:13:59] industrial decarbonization. First, the alignment between the NDC 3.0 [06:14:03] First, the alignment between the NDC 3.0 and the long-term road map provides [06:14:05] and the long-term road map provides clear policy direction and [06:14:07] clear policy direction and predictability of for investment. [06:14:10] predictability of for investment. Second, Morocco is advancing a [06:14:13] Second, Morocco is advancing a diversified industrial energy trans [06:14:15] diversified industrial energy trans transition including the development of [06:14:18] transition including the development of green hydrogen and its [06:14:21] green hydrogen and its derivatives, expanded west to energy [06:14:24] derivatives, expanded west to energy solutions, the progressive [06:14:26] solutions, the progressive electrification of industrial processes [06:14:29] electrification of industrial processes and the deployment of distribute [06:14:32] and the deployment of distribute renewable energy systems. [06:14:35] renewable energy systems. Third, Morocco experience highlights the [06:14:37] Third, Morocco experience highlights the importance of industrial symbiosis [06:14:40] importance of industrial symbiosis particularly through the valorization of [06:14:42] particularly through the valorization of west streams which contributes [06:14:45] west streams which contributes simultaneously to emissions reduction [06:14:47] simultaneously to emissions reduction and resource efficiency. Fourth, strong [06:14:50] and resource efficiency. Fourth, strong public private coordination has been [06:14:52] public private coordination has been instrumental ensuring coherence between [06:14:55] instrumental ensuring coherence between industrial transformation and national [06:14:57] industrial transformation and national climate objectives in its indic 3.0. [06:15:01] climate objectives in its indic 3.0. Morocco has adopted a projectbased [06:15:04] Morocco has adopted a projectbased approach. Six projects targeting [06:15:06] approach. Six projects targeting industry beyond cement and phosphates [06:15:08] industry beyond cement and phosphates focusing on modernization, efficiency, [06:15:11] focusing on modernization, efficiency, electrification and renewable [06:15:13] electrification and renewable integration. Eight projects dedicated to [06:15:16] integration. Eight projects dedicated to the cement sector addressing both energy [06:15:18] the cement sector addressing both energy and process emissions and seven projects [06:15:21] and process emissions and seven projects in the phosphate sector including [06:15:23] in the phosphate sector including ambition's carbon capture targets. [06:15:26] ambition's carbon capture targets. This approach reflects Morocco's [06:15:28] This approach reflects Morocco's commitment to reducing carbon intensity [06:15:31] commitment to reducing carbon intensity while preserving competitiveness and [06:15:33] while preserving competitiveness and supporting sustainable industrial [06:15:35] supporting sustainable industrial development. Madame Chair, Morocco's [06:15:38] development. Madame Chair, Morocco's experience highlight three key messages. [06:15:40] experience highlight three key messages. First, immediate and meaningful pro [06:15:42] First, immediate and meaningful pro progress can be achieved using a [06:15:45] progress can be achieved using a valuable and cost-effective solutions. [06:15:47] valuable and cost-effective solutions. Second, long-term successes require [06:15:50] Second, long-term successes require anticipating and preparing for [06:15:52] anticipating and preparing for breakthrough technologies, particularly [06:15:54] breakthrough technologies, particularly carbon culture capture. Third, enabling [06:15:58] carbon culture capture. Third, enabling environments such as policy frameworks, [06:16:01] environments such as policy frameworks, financing, infrastructure, and [06:16:02] financing, infrastructure, and regulation are essential to impact. I [06:16:06] regulation are essential to impact. I thank you. [06:16:09] thank you. >> Thank you. Thank you very much, Morocco. [06:16:11] >> Thank you. Thank you very much, Morocco. Um I'll pass on the floor now to Brazil [06:16:15] Um I'll pass on the floor now to Brazil followed by the ENGOS's and UNIDO. [06:16:20] >> Thank you co-chair. I'll try to follow [06:16:23] >> Thank you co-chair. I'll try to follow your um request this morning and uh try [06:16:26] your um request this morning and uh try to make an intervention that's not just [06:16:28] to make an intervention that's not just reading. Um my idea uh here is to [06:16:31] reading. Um my idea uh here is to present a little bit and quickly the uh [06:16:34] present a little bit and quickly the uh Brazilian investment platform. uh there [06:16:37] Brazilian investment platform. uh there was uh an idea to tackle the problem [06:16:40] was uh an idea to tackle the problem with uh financing at least part of it uh [06:16:44] with uh financing at least part of it uh for the decarbonization of the industry. [06:16:47] for the decarbonization of the industry. So uh the idea behind the Brazilian [06:16:49] So uh the idea behind the Brazilian investment platform that's what we call [06:16:51] investment platform that's what we call it BIP is to create a country platform [06:16:54] it BIP is to create a country platform for investments that uh need to be done [06:16:57] for investments that uh need to be done to implement the ecological [06:16:59] to implement the ecological transformation plan. The ecological [06:17:01] transformation plan. The ecological transformation plan is basically a plan [06:17:04] transformation plan is basically a plan that uh will be able to uh escalate and [06:17:07] that uh will be able to uh escalate and activate some of core um [06:17:11] activate some of core um core actions for us to achieve the the [06:17:14] core actions for us to achieve the the the NDC. So uh we have this new NDC and [06:17:19] the NDC. So uh we have this new NDC and we have this uh ecological [06:17:21] we have this uh ecological transformation plan to make sure that [06:17:23] transformation plan to make sure that we're going to achieve it. But we need [06:17:25] we're going to achieve it. But we need financing to implement the ecological [06:17:27] financing to implement the ecological transformation plan and that's where uh [06:17:30] transformation plan and that's where uh the beep uh appears. So the idea from [06:17:34] the beep uh appears. So the idea from beep is to bring together investments [06:17:36] beep is to bring together investments and projects um by facilitating the [06:17:40] and projects um by facilitating the initial the initial connection between [06:17:42] initial the initial connection between project and this uh institutionals multi [06:17:45] project and this uh institutionals multi u uh MDBs and uh other partners. Um so [06:17:50] u uh MDBs and uh other partners. Um so the projects are connected to the [06:17:52] the projects are connected to the financial institutions that are part of [06:17:55] financial institutions that are part of BEP as I said uh MDBs, private banks, [06:17:59] BEP as I said uh MDBs, private banks, insurance market players and among many [06:18:01] insurance market players and among many others. Um [06:18:04] others. Um the projects uh that are selected needs [06:18:08] the projects uh that are selected needs to be aligned with the energy transition [06:18:11] to be aligned with the energy transition and in sectors that we consider to be uh [06:18:14] and in sectors that we consider to be uh priority uh for the achievement of the [06:18:18] priority uh for the achievement of the ecological transformation plan and among [06:18:20] ecological transformation plan and among these sectors we have industry and [06:18:23] these sectors we have industry and that's why I'm I wanted to to to bring [06:18:25] that's why I'm I wanted to to to bring and share some some thoughts. So the [06:18:29] and share some some thoughts. So the beef works with existing public funds [06:18:32] beef works with existing public funds and programs as well as partner [06:18:35] and programs as well as partner initiatives including uh the Braz the [06:18:37] initiatives including uh the Braz the Brazilian natural investment lab and [06:18:39] Brazilian natural investment lab and also ITA Brazil program. Uh it's also [06:18:43] also ITA Brazil program. Uh it's also partners with MDBs and climate funds to [06:18:46] partners with MDBs and climate funds to finance nent technologies and develop [06:18:49] finance nent technologies and develop innovative financing and structures. [06:18:52] innovative financing and structures. There are some minimum requirements for [06:18:53] There are some minimum requirements for the projects to be selected uh such as [06:18:57] the projects to be selected uh such as this alignment with uh the the the [06:19:00] this alignment with uh the the the transition plans and some national [06:19:02] transition plans and some national programs. Uh the concrete uh [06:19:06] programs. Uh the concrete uh environmental impact that the the [06:19:08] environmental impact that the the project can bring. uh the actual need to [06:19:11] project can bring. uh the actual need to mobilize finance and support from the [06:19:15] mobilize finance and support from the platform and also its social economic [06:19:17] platform and also its social economic benefits such as uh jobs creation and [06:19:21] benefits such as uh jobs creation and biodiversity protection etc. Uh there [06:19:24] biodiversity protection etc. Uh there are some uh pre-exclusion [06:19:26] are some uh pre-exclusion um elements for some projects such as [06:19:30] um elements for some projects such as mining ventures located on indigenous [06:19:33] mining ventures located on indigenous lands or any extraction, transportation [06:19:37] lands or any extraction, transportation or commercialization [06:19:39] or commercialization uh related to oil and and gas and [06:19:41] uh related to oil and and gas and derivates. [06:19:43] derivates. So um just to conclude um the uh there [06:19:49] So um just to conclude um the uh there are already 18 approved approved [06:19:51] are already 18 approved approved projects that mobilized around $5 [06:19:54] projects that mobilized around $5 billion [06:19:56] billion and some very important examples that we [06:19:58] and some very important examples that we have that are already being implemented [06:20:00] have that are already being implemented are uh straga and valley on lowcarbon [06:20:04] are uh straga and valley on lowcarbon aluminum and others on sustainable fuels [06:20:08] aluminum and others on sustainable fuels um dedicated to decarbonizing the [06:20:10] um dedicated to decarbonizing the industry. Thank you very much. [06:20:13] industry. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Brazil. Um, now we [06:20:15] Thank you very much, Brazil. Um, now we have the environmental NOS's [06:20:18] have the environmental NOS's constituency. [06:20:20] constituency. >> Thank you, Madame Chair. Uh, my name is [06:20:22] >> Thank you, Madame Chair. Uh, my name is Barrett Nordman. Uh, I represent the uh [06:20:26] Barrett Nordman. Uh, I represent the uh WWF network uh part of the environmental [06:20:30] WWF network uh part of the environmental NGO constituencies. [06:20:32] NGO constituencies. Um, [06:20:34] Um, let me stress uh one point. I am happy [06:20:38] let me stress uh one point. I am happy that I've heard in many interventions [06:20:41] that I've heard in many interventions the term electrification. [06:20:44] the term electrification. I think on a global perspective and WBF [06:20:48] I think on a global perspective and WBF we are kind of working on a global level [06:20:50] we are kind of working on a global level in almost all countries all over the [06:20:53] in almost all countries all over the world. Uh we see that electrification is [06:20:57] world. Uh we see that electrification is something that uh is relevant [06:20:59] something that uh is relevant everywhere. [06:21:01] everywhere. uh for instance decarbonizing steel [06:21:04] uh for instance decarbonizing steel sector [06:21:06] sector twothirds of the investments needed will [06:21:09] twothirds of the investments needed will be in the power sector to decarbonize [06:21:12] be in the power sector to decarbonize power so I think uh low emission power [06:21:17] power so I think uh low emission power is the key for many uh investments here [06:21:21] is the key for many uh investments here um uh and I think uh I want to stress [06:21:26] um uh and I think uh I want to stress the role of the governments because the [06:21:28] the role of the governments because the power grids uh are really a key part of [06:21:32] power grids uh are really a key part of the infrastructure of industrial [06:21:33] the infrastructure of industrial decarbonization and that's the role of [06:21:36] decarbonization and that's the role of governments on national uh local [06:21:39] governments on national uh local regional level and then we of course [06:21:41] regional level and then we of course also from a resilient perspective it's [06:21:43] also from a resilient perspective it's really key to have also inter uh [06:21:46] really key to have also inter uh national uh connections between the [06:21:49] national uh connections between the between the grids so that is something [06:21:51] between the grids so that is something that I think all countries uh uh should [06:21:55] that I think all countries uh uh should consider and make efforts uh to make it [06:21:58] consider and make efforts uh to make it possible for the different industries [06:22:00] possible for the different industries ries to to uh to to decarbonize because [06:22:03] ries to to uh to to decarbonize because we need the connections between the [06:22:05] we need the connections between the renewable power production and the [06:22:07] renewable power production and the consumers. They are not situated in the [06:22:09] consumers. They are not situated in the same locations uh uh uh necessarily. Uh [06:22:14] same locations uh uh uh necessarily. Uh and of course uh investing in power [06:22:17] and of course uh investing in power grids enabling electrification will [06:22:21] grids enabling electrification will actually benefit the whole society also [06:22:24] actually benefit the whole society also all the citizens uh finally will uh will [06:22:27] all the citizens uh finally will uh will gain from this. So uh I'm happy that [06:22:30] gain from this. So uh I'm happy that this has been uh mentioned many times so [06:22:33] this has been uh mentioned many times so forth and uh and I think we should uh [06:22:35] forth and uh and I think we should uh keep on focusing on it. Thank you. [06:22:38] keep on focusing on it. Thank you. >> Thank thank you very much. Um the angle [06:22:42] >> Thank thank you very much. Um the angle representative um I now have Yido [06:22:47] representative um I now have Yido followed by Dominica and then the [06:22:49] followed by Dominica and then the indigenous people's um organization. [06:22:53] indigenous people's um organization. Yo, [06:22:57] >> thank you, Madame Chair, and thank you [06:23:00] >> thank you, Madame Chair, and thank you to all of the representatives here for [06:23:02] to all of the representatives here for the interventions that have been made so [06:23:04] the interventions that have been made so far. [06:23:06] far. Just gonna it's not quite at the natural [06:23:08] Just gonna it's not quite at the natural height for me. Um so I I'll keep this [06:23:12] height for me. Um so I I'll keep this brief because Unido of course via my [06:23:15] brief because Unido of course via my colleague Nurat made I think a number of [06:23:17] colleague Nurat made I think a number of relevant points with regards to um [06:23:19] relevant points with regards to um different strategies and approaches but [06:23:22] different strategies and approaches but I just wanted to make a few [06:23:24] I just wanted to make a few supplementary remarks really just [06:23:26] supplementary remarks really just picking up on many of the interventions [06:23:28] picking up on many of the interventions that we have already heard. So I think [06:23:31] that we have already heard. So I think particularly to the examples from uh [06:23:34] particularly to the examples from uh China, EU, Australia and Japan come to [06:23:38] China, EU, Australia and Japan come to mind with bringing through this [06:23:40] mind with bringing through this narrative of industrial decarbonization [06:23:44] narrative of industrial decarbonization not just as a a means to achieve our um [06:23:47] not just as a a means to achieve our um industry and climate objectives, but [06:23:50] industry and climate objectives, but really understanding these efforts in [06:23:52] really understanding these efforts in green industrialization as an [06:23:55] green industrialization as an opportunity to advance long-term [06:23:58] opportunity to advance long-term sustainable [06:23:59] sustainable development pathways. So this idea of [06:24:04] development pathways. So this idea of countries and this is includes emerging [06:24:07] countries and this is includes emerging markets and developing economies [06:24:09] markets and developing economies understanding this be it the potential [06:24:12] understanding this be it the potential production of green steel or cement or [06:24:15] production of green steel or cement or the production of wind turbine [06:24:17] the production of wind turbine components thinking of the the power [06:24:19] components thinking of the the power sector and the provisions there um or [06:24:22] sector and the provisions there um or the production of or the fostering of [06:24:24] the production of or the fostering of clean tech innovations in the example [06:24:27] clean tech innovations in the example that Japan exhibited. So there are [06:24:30] that Japan exhibited. So there are chances where where or opportunities [06:24:33] chances where where or opportunities where countries have either a a revealed [06:24:36] where countries have either a a revealed comparative advantage in these [06:24:38] comparative advantage in these particular components or the ability to [06:24:41] particular components or the ability to develop these and so there's an an [06:24:43] develop these and so there's an an opportunity here to um for all countries [06:24:47] opportunity here to um for all countries ultimately to to participate within this [06:24:50] ultimately to to participate within this ambition irrespective of the current [06:24:52] ambition irrespective of the current size of their industrial sectors. Um and [06:24:56] size of their industrial sectors. Um and then just to conclude I think Amanda to [06:25:00] then just to conclude I think Amanda to the remarks from NDC partnership at the [06:25:02] the remarks from NDC partnership at the beginning of this discussion noting that [06:25:05] beginning of this discussion noting that I think you said 55% of requests within [06:25:09] I think you said 55% of requests within uh the NDC's related to industry is [06:25:12] uh the NDC's related to industry is still seeking support and there is this [06:25:16] still seeking support and there is this kind of uh gap that needs to be bridged [06:25:19] kind of uh gap that needs to be bridged the with with Unido and uh the climate [06:25:23] the with with Unido and uh the climate club for industrial decarbonization [06:25:25] club for industrial decarbonization We've launched the global matchmaking [06:25:28] We've launched the global matchmaking platform which sits within UNIDO and it [06:25:30] platform which sits within UNIDO and it effectively tries to link countries with [06:25:34] effectively tries to link countries with their needs or requirements for industry [06:25:37] their needs or requirements for industry to prevent potential providers of that [06:25:40] to prevent potential providers of that support. So that's uh finances, it's [06:25:43] support. So that's uh finances, it's multilateral development banks and the [06:25:46] multilateral development banks and the like. And this is a relatively new [06:25:47] like. And this is a relatively new initiative and a good opportunity for [06:25:50] initiative and a good opportunity for looking at this question of ind [06:25:52] looking at this question of ind industrial decarbonization and thinking [06:25:55] industrial decarbonization and thinking of the opportunities or relevance for [06:25:56] of the opportunities or relevance for your country and then and then working [06:25:58] your country and then and then working with us to try to work out how to [06:26:00] with us to try to work out how to advance that. I'll leave it there and [06:26:03] advance that. I'll leave it there and and thank you again for the opportunity. [06:26:06] and thank you again for the opportunity. >> Thank you very mucho. Um Dominica [06:26:10] >> Thank you very mucho. Um Dominica then we'll have the IPO and Canada [06:26:16] Good afternoon co-chair. Um I'll be [06:26:20] Good afternoon co-chair. Um I'll be extremely short. Um I heard our [06:26:23] extremely short. Um I heard our colleague from WWF spoke on um the issue [06:26:27] colleague from WWF spoke on um the issue of energy and the importance of energy [06:26:30] of energy and the importance of energy um for decarbonization. [06:26:32] um for decarbonization. Dominica is a relatively small [06:26:36] Dominica is a relatively small seed. Um [06:26:38] seed. Um 65% of our island is forest cover. Uh [06:26:42] 65% of our island is forest cover. Uh but we recognize the need uh to adopt [06:26:47] but we recognize the need uh to adopt systems that would allow us to [06:26:48] systems that would allow us to transition. Um in ne by next month we [06:26:54] transition. Um in ne by next month we should be fully commissioning our 10 [06:26:56] should be fully commissioning our 10 megawatt geothermal plant. Um we believe [06:27:00] megawatt geothermal plant. Um we believe that the key pathway there to us is um [06:27:05] that the key pathway there to us is um to produce energy that would allow for [06:27:07] to produce energy that would allow for the sector to transition. though um this [06:27:12] the sector to transition. though um this specific sector in the context of [06:27:14] specific sector in the context of Dominica is very very small but um we [06:27:18] Dominica is very very small but um we see that through the production of clean [06:27:22] see that through the production of clean reliable cheap energy um we could [06:27:25] reliable cheap energy um we could transition into decarbonization in [06:27:27] transition into decarbonization in Dominica into a few elements uh we are [06:27:30] Dominica into a few elements uh we are considering green hydrogen and ammonia [06:27:32] considering green hydrogen and ammonia production [06:27:33] production um we also again as I said on our [06:27:36] um we also again as I said on our geothermal front um it is our intention [06:27:39] geothermal front um it is our intention to scale up from 10 megawatt to one [06:27:42] to scale up from 10 megawatt to one gawatt um for export to a few islands [06:27:46] gawatt um for export to a few islands within close proximity. [06:27:48] within close proximity. Um we're also looking at development of [06:27:51] Um we're also looking at development of a green echo industrial park. Um for a [06:27:54] a green echo industrial park. Um for a small island it may seem very ambitious. [06:27:57] small island it may seem very ambitious. Um but when we consider the issue of [06:27:59] Um but when we consider the issue of energy and energy security uh we have a [06:28:02] energy and energy security uh we have a very high source of geothermal um and [06:28:06] very high source of geothermal um and that's why we tap into it and as I said [06:28:08] that's why we tap into it and as I said within next month um we should have a [06:28:09] within next month um we should have a fully um commission geophone plant in [06:28:12] fully um commission geophone plant in our maker. So that's our pathway. Um the [06:28:15] our maker. So that's our pathway. Um the issue of financing is always a key [06:28:17] issue of financing is always a key issue. um small island like ours um to [06:28:20] issue. um small island like ours um to access the the finance. We've been at [06:28:23] access the the finance. We've been at considering geothermal for over 20 [06:28:26] considering geothermal for over 20 something years um and in May we should [06:28:28] something years um and in May we should have a fully um functional plan but [06:28:30] have a fully um functional plan but again financing might is a very key [06:28:32] again financing might is a very key component. Um it was kind of interesting [06:28:35] component. Um it was kind of interesting to hear Brazil speak of the beep. um [06:28:38] to hear Brazil speak of the beep. um probably we could consider trying to [06:28:40] probably we could consider trying to figure out how those elements could work [06:28:42] figure out how those elements could work in trying to get the private sector and [06:28:43] in trying to get the private sector and the banks to be more critical in un [06:28:46] the banks to be more critical in un lending monies that may required um for [06:28:48] lending monies that may required um for such strategies. Thank you. [06:28:51] such strategies. Thank you. >> Thank you very much Dominica and [06:28:53] >> Thank you very much Dominica and definitely encouraging to hear of the [06:28:56] definitely encouraging to hear of the develop the steps that your country is [06:28:59] develop the steps that your country is taking especially on the energy front. [06:29:01] taking especially on the energy front. we will have an opportunity during the [06:29:04] we will have an opportunity during the investment [06:29:05] investment um and finance section to talk more [06:29:08] um and finance section to talk more about mobilizing private capital. So we [06:29:11] about mobilizing private capital. So we will re come back to the specific [06:29:12] will re come back to the specific question that you've just raised. Um [06:29:15] question that you've just raised. Um I'll give the floor now to the [06:29:16] I'll give the floor now to the representative of the IPO and this will [06:29:19] representative of the IPO and this will be followed by a virtual intervention by [06:29:21] be followed by a virtual intervention by Canada. [06:29:27] Um, thank you madame co-chair for the [06:29:30] Um, thank you madame co-chair for the opportunity to speak. [06:29:35] That's a greeting in my indigenous [06:29:36] That's a greeting in my indigenous language. I'm very happy to be here. Um, [06:29:40] language. I'm very happy to be here. Um, and thank you for uh the government of [06:29:43] and thank you for uh the government of Korea for hosting us. [06:29:45] Korea for hosting us. Um so I would like to keep this [06:29:49] Um so I would like to keep this intervention not uh uh as a written [06:29:53] intervention not uh uh as a written intervention so that we can keep it more [06:29:55] intervention so that we can keep it more interactive as per your proposal. [06:29:58] interactive as per your proposal. Um so as many of you know many projects [06:30:01] Um so as many of you know many projects developed under mitigation efforts are [06:30:04] developed under mitigation efforts are impacting indigenous people's lands [06:30:07] impacting indigenous people's lands territories uh and resources and [06:30:09] territories uh and resources and therefore of course indigenous people's [06:30:12] therefore of course indigenous people's rights. So one fundamental component of [06:30:16] rights. So one fundamental component of effective solutions for uh effective [06:30:19] effective solutions for uh effective mitigation strategies is the respect for [06:30:21] mitigation strategies is the respect for indigenous people's rights uh to lands, [06:30:25] indigenous people's rights uh to lands, territories and resources [06:30:28] territories and resources and of course a right to free prior and [06:30:30] and of course a right to free prior and informed consent which effectively uh [06:30:34] informed consent which effectively uh gives indigenous peoples a right to say [06:30:36] gives indigenous peoples a right to say yes to projects or to say no to projects [06:30:41] yes to projects or to say no to projects or to say yes with conditions. [06:30:45] or to say yes with conditions. Uh for example, uh research that has [06:30:48] Uh for example, uh research that has been conducted uh says that 54% of the [06:30:52] been conducted uh says that 54% of the minerals that are currently being [06:30:54] minerals that are currently being extracted for renewable energy [06:30:56] extracted for renewable energy technologies, lithium, copper, cobalt, [06:30:59] technologies, lithium, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc and so on. Around 54% of [06:31:03] manganese, zinc and so on. Around 54% of them come from indigenous people's [06:31:05] them come from indigenous people's lands. in uh my area of the world from [06:31:09] lands. in uh my area of the world from Latin America that number is as high as [06:31:12] Latin America that number is as high as 75%. Which underpins uh the need for [06:31:16] 75%. Which underpins uh the need for really respecting indigenous people's [06:31:18] really respecting indigenous people's free prior and informed consent. [06:31:21] free prior and informed consent. So in terms of solutions, we would like [06:31:24] So in terms of solutions, we would like to highlight that one way that we can [06:31:27] to highlight that one way that we can practically do this is to prioritize [06:31:29] practically do this is to prioritize partnerships [06:31:31] partnerships with companies that respect indigenous [06:31:34] with companies that respect indigenous people's rights. And one way we know [06:31:35] people's rights. And one way we know about this is when they have adopted [06:31:39] about this is when they have adopted clear policies and effective policies [06:31:41] clear policies and effective policies for respecting indigenous people's [06:31:43] for respecting indigenous people's rights. Uh many indigenous organizations [06:31:46] rights. Uh many indigenous organizations are already engaged for example uh with [06:31:49] are already engaged for example uh with uh uh electric vehicle manufacturers [06:31:52] uh uh electric vehicle manufacturers around the world and try to encourage [06:31:56] around the world and try to encourage them as well to adopt policies that [06:31:59] them as well to adopt policies that respect free prior and informed consent. [06:32:02] respect free prior and informed consent. Uh the same goes with uh uh with [06:32:04] Uh the same goes with uh uh with multilateral development banks and [06:32:06] multilateral development banks and commercial banks for example. They [06:32:08] commercial banks for example. They should have a very clear policy on how [06:32:10] should have a very clear policy on how to respect free prior and informed [06:32:12] to respect free prior and informed consent and very clear exit clauses [06:32:14] consent and very clear exit clauses because what do we do when projects uh [06:32:18] because what do we do when projects uh are impacting indigenous people's rights [06:32:21] are impacting indigenous people's rights and generating rights violations. [06:32:24] and generating rights violations. in the mining industry for example is [06:32:26] in the mining industry for example is one of the industries where there's lots [06:32:28] one of the industries where there's lots of rights violations happening even [06:32:31] of rights violations happening even deaths of indigenous people's uh right [06:32:34] deaths of indigenous people's uh right defenders and environmental defenders. [06:32:37] defenders and environmental defenders. So um this is our contribution and uh [06:32:41] So um this is our contribution and uh it's one clear message from indigenous [06:32:43] it's one clear message from indigenous people's organizations is that [06:32:46] people's organizations is that mitigation solutions should not violate [06:32:49] mitigation solutions should not violate indigenous people's rights. If they do [06:32:51] indigenous people's rights. If they do then they are not a solution. Thank you. [06:32:55] then they are not a solution. Thank you. Thank you very much um our [06:32:57] Thank you very much um our representative of the IPOs and for [06:33:00] representative of the IPOs and for emphasizing [06:33:01] emphasizing the importance of the social license to [06:33:04] the importance of the social license to operate and inclusion of indigenous [06:33:07] operate and inclusion of indigenous people. Um I now have two virtual [06:33:10] people. Um I now have two virtual interventions. The first one is from [06:33:12] interventions. The first one is from Canada and followed by Saudi Arabia. [06:33:16] Canada and followed by Saudi Arabia. Canada, you have the floor. [06:33:21] >> Thank you very much. I think I'm showing [06:33:23] >> Thank you very much. I think I'm showing up invisible perhaps on my screen. Uh, [06:33:28] up invisible perhaps on my screen. Uh, let me videotape them. [06:33:33] Um, oh, [06:33:36] Um, oh, apologies. [06:33:42] Um well I start by uh thanking [06:33:48] first I'd like to start by thanking uh [06:33:50] first I'd like to start by thanking uh South Korea for hosting uh the the [06:33:53] South Korea for hosting uh the the global dialogue uh during this climate [06:33:56] global dialogue uh during this climate week. very important discussions for us [06:33:58] week. very important discussions for us to have. And I think Amanda from the NDC [06:34:00] to have. And I think Amanda from the NDC partnership um with with the statistics [06:34:04] partnership um with with the statistics she provided really highlighted the way [06:34:07] she provided really highlighted the way industrial decarbonization [06:34:09] industrial decarbonization um is becoming more and more of a [06:34:11] um is becoming more and more of a priority as countries understand where [06:34:14] priority as countries understand where and how it fits into their broader [06:34:15] and how it fits into their broader mitigation pathways. [06:34:18] mitigation pathways. Um and I'd like to thank colleagues uh [06:34:22] Um and I'd like to thank colleagues uh and and other participants around the [06:34:24] and and other participants around the room for sharing their experiences so [06:34:26] room for sharing their experiences so far as well. It's been a very insightful [06:34:27] far as well. It's been a very insightful and interesting discussion. Um just to [06:34:30] and interesting discussion. Um just to share a few things from Canada's [06:34:32] share a few things from Canada's perspective. Um I think like many in the [06:34:34] perspective. Um I think like many in the room uh industrial decarbonization is [06:34:38] room uh industrial decarbonization is key to achieving our overall climate [06:34:40] key to achieving our overall climate goals. Um so for us industry including [06:34:43] goals. Um so for us industry including fuel combustion and industrial processes [06:34:46] fuel combustion and industrial processes and product use accounts for more than [06:34:48] and product use accounts for more than 10% of our greenhouse gas emissions. Um [06:34:51] 10% of our greenhouse gas emissions. Um and more than half of that comes from [06:34:54] and more than half of that comes from process related emissions in several [06:34:57] process related emissions in several hard to abate sectors like cement, steel [06:34:59] hard to abate sectors like cement, steel and chemical production. So, while we're [06:35:02] and chemical production. So, while we're starting uh from a place with a power [06:35:05] starting uh from a place with a power grid that's already over 80% [06:35:07] grid that's already over 80% non-emitting, um part of our solution [06:35:10] non-emitting, um part of our solution for industrial dark decarbonization will [06:35:13] for industrial dark decarbonization will require us to continue building out uh [06:35:16] require us to continue building out uh clean to meet growing energy demand, [06:35:18] clean to meet growing energy demand, including in the industrial sector. [06:35:22] including in the industrial sector. Um [06:35:24] Um I think um one one central policy I'd [06:35:27] I think um one one central policy I'd touch on um is uh carbon carbon pricing [06:35:32] touch on um is uh carbon carbon pricing and carbon markets. So it's been [06:35:34] and carbon markets. So it's been Canada's experience that robust and well [06:35:37] Canada's experience that robust and well functioning industrial carbon markets [06:35:39] functioning industrial carbon markets are really a key tool to unlock [06:35:41] are really a key tool to unlock investment in major decarbonization [06:35:43] investment in major decarbonization projects and support clean and [06:35:45] projects and support clean and competitive industries. [06:35:47] competitive industries. um pollution pricing really creates [06:35:49] um pollution pricing really creates strong demand for innovative clean [06:35:51] strong demand for innovative clean technologies which helps to attract new [06:35:54] technologies which helps to attract new job opportunities, new investments, new [06:35:56] job opportunities, new investments, new products and lines of business for [06:35:58] products and lines of business for companies. [06:35:59] companies. Um so it's it's certainly a pillar of [06:36:02] Um so it's it's certainly a pillar of Canada's climate policy. Uh and we're [06:36:04] Canada's climate policy. Uh and we're actually in the midst of engaging with [06:36:07] actually in the midst of engaging with provinces and territories on our [06:36:09] provinces and territories on our industrial carbon pricing. uh we re [06:36:13] industrial carbon pricing. uh we re launched engagement with the publication [06:36:14] launched engagement with the publication of a discussion paper back in December. [06:36:17] of a discussion paper back in December. The idea is that we will update our [06:36:19] The idea is that we will update our industrial carbon pricing benchmark and [06:36:21] industrial carbon pricing benchmark and then set out next steps on federal [06:36:24] then set out next steps on federal assessments and decisions on where we [06:36:26] assessments and decisions on where we would apply the federal backs stop for [06:36:28] would apply the federal backs stop for our outputbased pricing system. So [06:36:31] our outputbased pricing system. So really we're just seeing industrial [06:36:32] really we're just seeing industrial carbon pricing um uh as as a a key [06:36:37] carbon pricing um uh as as a a key pillar and the work we're doing right [06:36:40] pillar and the work we're doing right now um we're doing with a view to [06:36:42] now um we're doing with a view to providing certainty for long-term [06:36:44] providing certainty for long-term investment decisions which is so [06:36:46] investment decisions which is so critical for industry where we see uh [06:36:49] critical for industry where we see uh not just capital intensive [06:36:51] not just capital intensive infrastructure but infrastructure that [06:36:53] infrastructure but infrastructure that has a very long asset life. So the [06:36:55] has a very long asset life. So the decisions we're making in the near term [06:36:57] decisions we're making in the near term will be so important uh for our our [06:37:00] will be so important uh for our our longer term climate and energy goals. [06:37:03] longer term climate and energy goals. One other element I wanted to touch on, [06:37:05] One other element I wanted to touch on, I think several panelists and other [06:37:07] I think several panelists and other countries have spoken to this um is the [06:37:10] countries have spoken to this um is the idea of collaboration with industrial [06:37:11] idea of collaboration with industrial experts when developing plans and [06:37:13] experts when developing plans and policies. Um our experience is that [06:37:17] policies. Um our experience is that sectoral road mapaps um can be quite [06:37:19] sectoral road mapaps um can be quite critical for making action practical and [06:37:22] critical for making action practical and credible and achievable because [06:37:24] credible and achievable because industries understand their own [06:37:26] industries understand their own technologies constraints and supply [06:37:29] technologies constraints and supply chains better than anyone else. So when [06:37:31] chains better than anyone else. So when we work together we can ensure that road [06:37:33] we work together we can ensure that road mapaps um are not just uh high level [06:37:36] mapaps um are not just uh high level aspirational documents but really [06:37:38] aspirational documents but really reflect technical and operational [06:37:40] reflect technical and operational realities uh and they give investors and [06:37:43] realities uh and they give investors and governments more clarity and confidence [06:37:45] governments more clarity and confidence that can help unlock the funding um and [06:37:48] that can help unlock the funding um and long-term investments that are so [06:37:49] long-term investments that are so critical to infrastructure and [06:37:51] critical to infrastructure and innovation in industry. So in the [06:37:54] innovation in industry. So in the Canadian context uh we developed uh and [06:37:57] Canadian context uh we developed uh and I I won't let my department take credit [06:37:59] I I won't let my department take credit but uh Um, one of our uh, federal [06:38:02] but uh Um, one of our uh, federal departments, Innovation Science and [06:38:04] departments, Innovation Science and Economic Development Canada, [06:38:06] Economic Development Canada, co-developed Canada's roadmap to net [06:38:08] co-developed Canada's roadmap to net zero carbon concrete by 2050 with uh, [06:38:12] zero carbon concrete by 2050 with uh, the Cement Association of Canada and [06:38:15] the Cement Association of Canada and they uh, sort of co-convened [06:38:17] they uh, sort of co-convened um, a broader process to craft that [06:38:21] um, a broader process to craft that roadmap together that was launched a few [06:38:23] roadmap together that was launched a few years ago and it includes a nearer term [06:38:26] years ago and it includes a nearer term action plan to 2030 while setting out [06:38:29] action plan to 2030 while setting out this the signal and trajectory towards [06:38:31] this the signal and trajectory towards 2050. Um, one other issue I wanted to [06:38:34] 2050. Um, one other issue I wanted to touch on that um, I don't think I've [06:38:36] touch on that um, I don't think I've I've heard mentioned too much um, is [06:38:39] I've heard mentioned too much um, is standards and certifications. [06:38:42] standards and certifications. Um so really globally standards and [06:38:44] Um so really globally standards and certifications for tracking and I'm [06:38:46] certifications for tracking and I'm going to speak specifically to cement [06:38:48] going to speak specifically to cement and concrete here but um to tracking [06:38:50] and concrete here but um to tracking those emissions vary across [06:38:52] those emissions vary across jurisdictions often depending on purpose [06:38:56] jurisdictions often depending on purpose um and existing policy frameworks and [06:38:59] um and existing policy frameworks and the measurement methods used. Um but our [06:39:02] the measurement methods used. Um but our experience has been that [06:39:03] experience has been that interoperability of standards and [06:39:05] interoperability of standards and certifications um can really strengthen [06:39:07] certifications um can really strengthen the global market for lowcarbon products [06:39:10] the global market for lowcarbon products and create that demand um structure and [06:39:14] and create that demand um structure and incentive that I think several panelists [06:39:16] incentive that I think several panelists mentioned as well while reducing [06:39:18] mentioned as well while reducing compliance costs for producers and [06:39:21] compliance costs for producers and strengthening trust for investors and [06:39:22] strengthening trust for investors and buyers. Um and it's a way then to [06:39:25] buyers. Um and it's a way then to accelerate the adoption of new lower [06:39:27] accelerate the adoption of new lower carbon tech and provide sort of a common [06:39:29] carbon tech and provide sort of a common language to facilitate uh global [06:39:32] language to facilitate uh global markets. [06:39:34] markets. Um so I would be remiss if uh in [06:39:37] Um so I would be remiss if uh in discussing that I didn't mention uh the [06:39:40] discussing that I didn't mention uh the cementing concrete breakthrough agenda [06:39:42] cementing concrete breakthrough agenda which Canada uh co-chairs with our [06:39:46] which Canada uh co-chairs with our colleagues from the United Arab [06:39:47] colleagues from the United Arab Emirates. Um so speaking to the [06:39:50] Emirates. Um so speaking to the importance of international cooperation [06:39:52] importance of international cooperation especially on an area um where um we we [06:39:58] especially on an area um where um we we have many uh available solutions but [06:40:01] have many uh available solutions but there are certainly still challenges [06:40:03] there are certainly still challenges ahead including with um managing and and [06:40:07] ahead including with um managing and and creating economies of scale. Um so the [06:40:10] creating economies of scale. Um so the cement and concrete breakthrough um [06:40:13] cement and concrete breakthrough um supports coordination, collaboration and [06:40:15] supports coordination, collaboration and knowledge sharing between member [06:40:17] knowledge sharing between member countries and key international [06:40:18] countries and key international stakeholders including the IIA and our [06:40:21] stakeholders including the IIA and our UNITO colleagues in the room uh and the [06:40:24] UNITO colleagues in the room uh and the global cement and concrete association [06:40:26] global cement and concrete association which works with cement associations [06:40:27] which works with cement associations around the world. So just to put some [06:40:30] around the world. So just to put some concrete ideas behind a few of the [06:40:32] concrete ideas behind a few of the things the breakthrough does uh for [06:40:34] things the breakthrough does uh for colleagues awareness. So the [06:40:36] colleagues awareness. So the breakthrough for example has drafted [06:40:38] breakthrough for example has drafted white papers for member countries uh [06:40:41] white papers for member countries uh focusing on the benefits of using [06:40:43] focusing on the benefits of using supplementary cementitious materials to [06:40:45] supplementary cementitious materials to reduce clinker content in cement [06:40:47] reduce clinker content in cement co-processing and utilization of carbon [06:40:50] co-processing and utilization of carbon capture uh utilization and sequestration [06:40:53] capture uh utilization and sequestration to decarbonize the cement and concrete [06:40:55] to decarbonize the cement and concrete sectors and they the papers identify [06:40:58] sectors and they the papers identify potential enabling policies that could [06:41:00] potential enabling policies that could be adopted according to national needs. [06:41:03] be adopted according to national needs. Um, another area is as I mentioned the [06:41:06] Um, another area is as I mentioned the standards and certifications. Uh, that's [06:41:08] standards and certifications. Uh, that's a key priority of the cement and [06:41:11] a key priority of the cement and concrete breakthrough. Uh, and they're [06:41:13] concrete breakthrough. Uh, and they're collaborating with, you know, the [06:41:14] collaborating with, you know, the climate club, the industrial deep [06:41:16] climate club, the industrial deep decarbonization initiative and others [06:41:18] decarbonization initiative and others towards a harmonization of standards [06:41:21] towards a harmonization of standards across cement and concrete production. [06:41:24] across cement and concrete production. Thank you very much. I'll stop there. [06:41:26] Thank you very much. I'll stop there. >> Thank you very much, Canada. Um I now [06:41:30] >> Thank you very much, Canada. Um I now have two interventions left and just [06:41:33] have two interventions left and just about two or three more minutes. Um but [06:41:36] about two or three more minutes. Um but so I would um urge you to be a little [06:41:39] so I would um urge you to be a little bit brief but of course without [06:41:40] bit brief but of course without compromising the content of your [06:41:42] compromising the content of your intervention. I pass on to Saudi Arabia [06:41:45] intervention. I pass on to Saudi Arabia followed by South Africa. [06:41:50] >> Thank you for giving us the floor again [06:41:52] >> Thank you for giving us the floor again chair. Um I'll try to be brief. In [06:41:54] chair. Um I'll try to be brief. In addition to the CCUS example shared by [06:41:56] addition to the CCUS example shared by my colleague, Saudi Arabia also has [06:41:58] my colleague, Saudi Arabia also has experience deploying centralized digital [06:42:00] experience deploying centralized digital optimization platforms applying [06:42:02] optimization platforms applying predictive analytics, digital twins, and [06:42:04] predictive analytics, digital twins, and machine learning across power [06:42:06] machine learning across power generation, renewable energy, and [06:42:07] generation, renewable energy, and dieselation assets. Um, the architecture [06:42:10] dieselation assets. Um, the architecture combines secure IoT based data [06:42:12] combines secure IoT based data acquisition, hybrid physics-based and [06:42:15] acquisition, hybrid physics-based and machine learning analytics for anomaly [06:42:16] machine learning analytics for anomaly detection and uh workflow applications [06:42:19] detection and uh workflow applications that link operational improvements [06:42:21] that link operational improvements directly to auditable emissions [06:42:22] directly to auditable emissions outcomes. Uh these reductions came from [06:42:26] outcomes. Uh these reductions came from improving the efficiency and the [06:42:27] improving the efficiency and the reliability of existing infrastructure [06:42:30] reliability of existing infrastructure um including power desalination and wind [06:42:32] um including power desalination and wind assets and avoiding emissions linked to [06:42:35] assets and avoiding emissions linked to unplanned outages. So what strengthens [06:42:37] unplanned outages. So what strengthens the credibility of this type of [06:42:38] the credibility of this type of intervention is the MRV design which is [06:42:41] intervention is the MRV design which is condition uh corrected baselines pre and [06:42:43] condition uh corrected baselines pre and postmatched counterfactuals and full [06:42:46] postmatched counterfactuals and full traceability of performance [06:42:47] traceability of performance improvements. Um avoided emissions were [06:42:50] improvements. Um avoided emissions were auditable and not estimated. So most [06:42:52] auditable and not estimated. So most importantly, these interventions [06:42:53] importantly, these interventions leveraged existing infrastructure and [06:42:55] leveraged existing infrastructure and therefore can be implemented without [06:42:57] therefore can be implemented without waiting for new capacity deployment um [06:42:59] waiting for new capacity deployment um making them pretty much transferable [06:43:01] making them pretty much transferable across different national contexts. The [06:43:03] across different national contexts. The broader point is that digital [06:43:05] broader point is that digital optimization of operational assets [06:43:07] optimization of operational assets represents an underutilized mitigation [06:43:09] represents an underutilized mitigation pathway that can deliver real measurable [06:43:11] pathway that can deliver real measurable emission reductions in the near term [06:43:13] emission reductions in the near term complementing supply side measures such [06:43:14] complementing supply side measures such as renewable deployment and CCUs while [06:43:16] as renewable deployment and CCUs while helping to close the implementation gap. [06:43:19] helping to close the implementation gap. Um thank you. [06:43:22] Um thank you. Thank you very much. Uh Saudi Arabia and [06:43:25] Thank you very much. Uh Saudi Arabia and last but not least is uh South Africa. [06:43:28] last but not least is uh South Africa. HL you have the floor. [06:43:31] HL you have the floor. >> One two. Okay. So thank you uh co-chair. [06:43:36] >> One two. Okay. So thank you uh co-chair. Um I'll be very brief as uh as you as [06:43:39] Um I'll be very brief as uh as you as you mentioned. So maybe just to first [06:43:41] you mentioned. So maybe just to first thank the secretariat and also the the [06:43:44] thank the secretariat and also the the host country for for hosting the meeting [06:43:47] host country for for hosting the meeting and all the arrangements. [06:43:50] and all the arrangements. Um uh I'll just provide uh some few [06:43:53] Um uh I'll just provide uh some few brief uh reflections on a few key [06:43:56] brief uh reflections on a few key highlights in in my country as it [06:43:59] highlights in in my country as it relates to the industrial sector. But [06:44:01] relates to the industrial sector. But from a more policy perspective bearing [06:44:04] from a more policy perspective bearing in mind that there's a number of uh [06:44:06] in mind that there's a number of uh actual you know measures being [06:44:08] actual you know measures being implemented on the ground maybe just [06:44:10] implemented on the ground maybe just some insights on emissions in our [06:44:13] some insights on emissions in our industrial sector. uh since so since uh [06:44:18] industrial sector. uh since so since uh 2000 our IP IPU emissions have decreased [06:44:22] 2000 our IP IPU emissions have decreased by 6.7%. [06:44:24] by 6.7%. And if one looks at our most recent [06:44:27] And if one looks at our most recent inventory [06:44:28] inventory uh the our I ourPU sector only accounts [06:44:33] uh the our I ourPU sector only accounts for about 6.4% of the country emissions. [06:44:37] for about 6.4% of the country emissions. Um as a basis we have our climate change [06:44:42] Um as a basis we have our climate change act of course which sets the basis for [06:44:45] act of course which sets the basis for our decarbonization's efforts but also [06:44:47] our decarbonization's efforts but also has key pillars [06:44:49] has key pillars uh related to sustainable which is key [06:44:52] uh related to sustainable which is key for us which is sustainable development [06:44:55] for us which is sustainable development and economic growth. Um, of course in [06:44:58] and economic growth. Um, of course in our energy sector, we have a very [06:45:00] our energy sector, we have a very ambitious integrated resource plan as [06:45:03] ambitious integrated resource plan as well as the our just energy energy [06:45:07] well as the our just energy energy transition in investment plan uh uh [06:45:10] transition in investment plan uh uh which supports the country's mandated [06:45:12] which supports the country's mandated goal of achieving a lowcarbon economy [06:45:15] goal of achieving a lowcarbon economy and a climate resilient society [06:45:18] and a climate resilient society uh by driving sustainable development [06:45:20] uh by driving sustainable development and economic growth and also creating [06:45:22] and economic growth and also creating jobs and uh and increasing the country's [06:45:26] jobs and uh and increasing the country's uh energy security [06:45:29] uh energy security uh for for the for our indust industrial [06:45:33] uh for for the for our indust industrial sector. Key decarbonization [06:45:36] sector. Key decarbonization efforts include uh uh I've mentioned [06:45:39] efforts include uh uh I've mentioned this before. We have we've developed [06:45:41] this before. We have we've developed sectoral emission targets uh for public [06:45:44] sectoral emission targets uh for public sectors. uh this will be driven by uh [06:45:47] sectors. uh this will be driven by uh our uh public uh you know that our line [06:45:52] our uh public uh you know that our line ministries and also we have carbon bud [06:45:55] ministries and also we have carbon bud budgets and mitigation plans for the [06:45:59] budgets and mitigation plans for the that is required by uh what's done for [06:46:02] that is required by uh what's done for the industrial sector uh with a [06:46:05] the industrial sector uh with a framework for coordination across [06:46:07] framework for coordination across government levels making these me [06:46:09] government levels making these me measures legally enforcable under [06:46:11] measures legally enforcable under climate change act. Um we linked to the [06:46:15] climate change act. Um we linked to the carbon budgets. We also have our carbon [06:46:18] carbon budgets. We also have our carbon tax and our national carbon offset [06:46:21] tax and our national carbon offset scheme. Uh that's linked um as I said [06:46:26] scheme. Uh that's linked um as I said our carbon budgets and mitigation uh [06:46:29] our carbon budgets and mitigation uh plan regulations. Uh we've just [06:46:31] plan regulations. Uh we've just finalized them and these uh include art [06:46:35] finalized them and these uh include art to abate sectors including cement and [06:46:38] to abate sectors including cement and met metal production. [06:46:40] met metal production. Uh maybe just more detail under our [06:46:44] Uh maybe just more detail under our sectoral emission targets. We've we have [06:46:47] sectoral emission targets. We've we have both qualitative and quantitative [06:46:49] both qualitative and quantitative targets for industry. Uh when one looks [06:46:52] targets for industry. Uh when one looks at the uh quantit qualitative [06:46:56] at the uh quantit qualitative targets, we have a set of policies and [06:46:59] targets, we have a set of policies and measures which include uh green hydrogen [06:47:02] measures which include uh green hydrogen commercialization strategy. Uh we also [06:47:06] commercialization strategy. Uh we also have the industrial uh action plans uh [06:47:09] have the industrial uh action plans uh industrial finance incentives [06:47:12] industrial finance incentives uh strategy for for green trade barriers [06:47:17] uh strategy for for green trade barriers a green uh low industrial strategy [06:47:20] a green uh low industrial strategy that's still under development and we [06:47:23] that's still under development and we also have our national building [06:47:25] also have our national building standards and regulations. [06:47:28] standards and regulations. um within the these uh sectoral emission [06:47:31] um within the these uh sectoral emission targets we've developed different [06:47:33] targets we've developed different scenarios which have different [06:47:36] scenarios which have different investment uh requirements. So the more [06:47:39] investment uh requirements. So the more investment we we can uh uh mobilize as a [06:47:43] investment we we can uh uh mobilize as a country the more ambitious uh our [06:47:46] country the more ambitious uh our sectoral emission targets can be. uh our [06:47:50] sectoral emission targets can be. uh our these uh sectoral emission targets are [06:47:53] these uh sectoral emission targets are also included in our latest updated NDC [06:47:58] also included in our latest updated NDC and they also updated every five years [06:48:03] and they also updated every five years uh in line with you know parallel to the [06:48:07] uh in line with you know parallel to the NDC's. Yeah. So that's all I'll I'll [06:48:10] NDC's. Yeah. So that's all I'll I'll just leave it there. Keep it nice and [06:48:12] just leave it there. Keep it nice and brief. Thank you. [06:48:13] brief. Thank you. >> Thank you very much. Um that was a [06:48:15] >> Thank you very much. Um that was a comprehensive overview of the policy [06:48:18] comprehensive overview of the policy landscape. [06:48:19] landscape. So we have reached the end of our [06:48:21] So we have reached the end of our session. I want to thank you all for all [06:48:25] session. I want to thank you all for all those interventions. Um a lot of wealthy [06:48:28] those interventions. Um a lot of wealthy insights that we've received. I'm not [06:48:29] insights that we've received. I'm not going to even make an attempt to [06:48:31] going to even make an attempt to summarize at this point since I'll be [06:48:32] summarize at this point since I'll be summarizing tomorrow morning when we [06:48:35] summarizing tomorrow morning when we look across all the sessions together. [06:48:37] look across all the sessions together. We will now take a 15 minute break and [06:48:41] We will now take a 15 minute break and um resume at around 5 4. So you can grab [06:48:45] um resume at around 5 4. So you can grab your coffee. You have an opportunity to [06:48:47] your coffee. You have an opportunity to also interact with each other. And then [06:48:49] also interact with each other. And then we will come back and continue the [06:48:51] we will come back and continue the conversation on the second theme now [06:48:54] conversation on the second theme now focusing specifically on what some of [06:48:57] focusing specifically on what some of the challenges have been and the [06:48:58] the challenges have been and the opportunities to overcome them. So once [06:49:00] opportunities to overcome them. So once again, thank you very much for all the [06:49:02] again, thank you very much for all the valuable input and we'll see you in 15 [06:49:04] valuable input and we'll see you in 15 minutes. Thank you. [07:13:33] Okay. Um, welcome back um from the [07:13:36] Okay. Um, welcome back um from the break. Um, this is the last session of [07:13:41] break. Um, this is the last session of the day, so we're going to dive straight [07:13:43] the day, so we're going to dive straight into the second breakout group. Um, once [07:13:47] into the second breakout group. Um, once again, just a reminder for our virtual [07:13:48] again, just a reminder for our virtual participants to request the floor, [07:13:50] participants to request the floor, please put your name in the chat, um, [07:13:52] please put your name in the chat, um, including the name of your party [07:13:54] including the name of your party organization [07:13:56] organization and you could also use your virtual um, [07:13:58] and you could also use your virtual um, hand to ask for the floor. [07:14:02] hand to ask for the floor. Um so the guiding questions for this [07:14:05] Um so the guiding questions for this group now is what challenges and [07:14:09] group now is what challenges and barriers have been encountered in the [07:14:11] barriers have been encountered in the development, adoption and scaling up or [07:14:14] development, adoption and scaling up or implementation of technologies in [07:14:16] implementation of technologies in decarbonization of industries in your [07:14:18] decarbonization of industries in your country or in your region. And this of [07:14:20] country or in your region. And this of course could be technologies such as [07:14:22] course could be technologies such as life cycle long life cycles of [07:14:24] life cycle long life cycles of industrial plants, technology maturity, [07:14:27] industrial plants, technology maturity, advanced innovation and the need for [07:14:29] advanced innovation and the need for breakthrough technology among others. [07:14:32] breakthrough technology among others. Also this we would like you to address [07:14:34] Also this we would like you to address the question around based on your [07:14:37] the question around based on your national origin experiences what [07:14:38] national origin experiences what approaches have helped address these [07:14:40] approaches have helped address these challenges and barriers in practice. Now [07:14:43] challenges and barriers in practice. Now you may not necessarily have solved them [07:14:46] you may not necessarily have solved them but we do hope that we can gain [07:14:48] but we do hope that we can gain inspiration from those who may have [07:14:50] inspiration from those who may have encountered and resolved this. So to [07:14:53] encountered and resolved this. So to help get our conversation started we're [07:14:55] help get our conversation started we're pleased to invite Guri Kim. Um she's a [07:14:59] pleased to invite Guri Kim. Um she's a diplomacy lead for solutions for our [07:15:01] diplomacy lead for solutions for our climate esolk here in in the Republic of [07:15:04] climate esolk here in in the Republic of Korea. So Guri, you have the floor. [07:15:11] >> Thank you so much. Um distinguished [07:15:14] >> Thank you so much. Um distinguished co-chair, secretaria, participants, [07:15:17] co-chair, secretaria, participants, thank you for having me here today. My [07:15:19] thank you for having me here today. My name is Giri Kim. I'm part of um [07:15:21] name is Giri Kim. I'm part of um Solutions for Our Climate. We're NGO [07:15:23] Solutions for Our Climate. We're NGO based here in Soul, South Korea. Um and [07:15:26] based here in Soul, South Korea. Um and welcome to Yazu everyone. It's a very [07:15:28] welcome to Yazu everyone. It's a very fitting place to be having this [07:15:30] fitting place to be having this conversation today. Yosu is one of uh [07:15:32] conversation today. Yosu is one of uh Korea's three major petrochemical hubs [07:15:35] Korea's three major petrochemical hubs where products flow into supply chains [07:15:37] where products flow into supply chains across the world. And just 30 minutes [07:15:39] across the world. And just 30 minutes away from us sits Kuang, which is the [07:15:42] away from us sits Kuang, which is the home to the world's largest blast [07:15:44] home to the world's largest blast furnace complex. The transition efforts [07:15:46] furnace complex. The transition efforts taking place here today matters beyond [07:15:48] taking place here today matters beyond Korea's borders because industrial [07:15:50] Korea's borders because industrial decarbonization is a shared challenge [07:15:53] decarbonization is a shared challenge that runs through entire value chains. [07:15:55] that runs through entire value chains. The UNFC climate week is an appropriate [07:15:58] The UNFC climate week is an appropriate moment to discuss KGX, Korea's emerging [07:16:00] moment to discuss KGX, Korea's emerging framework for industrial [07:16:02] framework for industrial decarbonization. [07:16:03] decarbonization. So you may know Korea is the fifth [07:16:05] So you may know Korea is the fifth largest um apparent steel consumer in [07:16:08] largest um apparent steel consumer in the world and our steel industry is the [07:16:10] the world and our steel industry is the single largest um industrial emitter [07:16:13] single largest um industrial emitter accounting for around 17% of our total [07:16:16] accounting for around 17% of our total national emissions. So I am here today [07:16:18] national emissions. So I am here today to share some specific challenges, [07:16:20] to share some specific challenges, barriers, and what's been uh beginning [07:16:22] barriers, and what's been uh beginning to work uh for us in Korea. Um and I'll [07:16:25] to work uh for us in Korea. Um and I'll give a bit more of um specific examples. [07:16:29] give a bit more of um specific examples. So first carbon lock in through long [07:16:32] So first carbon lock in through long asset life cycles. Uh blast furnaces [07:16:34] asset life cycles. Uh blast furnaces last from 15 to 20 years. And when [07:16:37] last from 15 to 20 years. And when relined that lifespan resets. POSCO [07:16:40] relined that lifespan resets. POSCO which is Korea's largest steel maker has [07:16:43] which is Korea's largest steel maker has been rellining furnaces at both Puhang [07:16:44] been rellining furnaces at both Puhang and Kuang, two regions here in Korea. [07:16:47] and Kuang, two regions here in Korea. And in February last year, we had 10 [07:16:49] And in February last year, we had 10 young plaintiffs aged 11 to 18 that [07:16:52] young plaintiffs aged 11 to 18 that filed a lawsuit demanding POSCO to stop [07:16:54] filed a lawsuit demanding POSCO to stop those relinings. And this the argument [07:16:57] those relinings. And this the argument was that it would lock in 137 million [07:17:00] was that it would lock in 137 million tons of cumulative CO2 um over the next [07:17:04] tons of cumulative CO2 um over the next 15 years. A furnace relline today will [07:17:06] 15 years. A furnace relline today will run until 2040, well beyond Korea's 2036 [07:17:10] run until 2040, well beyond Korea's 2036 phase out plan. And this is not a [07:17:12] phase out plan. And this is not a technical issue. It's a capital [07:17:13] technical issue. It's a capital allocation decision that embeds fossil [07:17:16] allocation decision that embeds fossil fuel dependency for decades. Second, to [07:17:19] fuel dependency for decades. Second, to talk about technology and financing gap. [07:17:21] talk about technology and financing gap. Korea has developed its own [07:17:23] Korea has developed its own hydrogen-based steel making technology [07:17:25] hydrogen-based steel making technology called Hyrex, which passed its [07:17:27] called Hyrex, which passed its feasibility study in June last year. A [07:17:30] feasibility study in June last year. A 300,000 ton demonstration uh plant is [07:17:33] 300,000 ton demonstration uh plant is being built in Puhang. But fully [07:17:35] being built in Puhang. But fully commercializing Hyrex requires at least [07:17:38] commercializing Hyrex requires at least 14.8 billion USD by 2050. Yet our [07:17:42] 14.8 billion USD by 2050. Yet our government funding uh the past two years [07:17:44] government funding uh the past two years has only totaled 20 million USD. To give [07:17:47] has only totaled 20 million USD. To give you an idea, Germany uh that produces [07:17:50] you an idea, Germany uh that produces less than half of Korea's steel output [07:17:52] less than half of Korea's steel output invests 38 times more in steel [07:17:55] invests 38 times more in steel decarbonization than we do. So the pilot [07:17:57] decarbonization than we do. So the pilot is funded, but commercial scale [07:17:59] is funded, but commercial scale deployment beyond 2031 is not. And that [07:18:02] deployment beyond 2031 is not. And that gap between demonstration and [07:18:03] gap between demonstration and commercialization is where Korea's [07:18:06] commercialization is where Korea's pathway risks breaking right now. [07:18:09] pathway risks breaking right now. To talk about this, we also have to look [07:18:11] To talk about this, we also have to look at Korea's energy uh system constraint. [07:18:14] at Korea's energy uh system constraint. Hyrex runs on hydrogen and green [07:18:16] Hyrex runs on hydrogen and green hydrogen requires renewable electricity [07:18:18] hydrogen requires renewable electricity and currently Korea's renewable uh share [07:18:21] and currently Korea's renewable uh share is around 9%. The government targets 30% [07:18:24] is around 9%. The government targets 30% by 2035 and 100 gawatts by 2030, but the [07:18:28] by 2035 and 100 gawatts by 2030, but the 11th basic plan only projects 22% by [07:18:31] 11th basic plan only projects 22% by 2030. And POSCO has confirmed the Hierx [07:18:34] 2030. And POSCO has confirmed the Hierx pilot will initially run on gray [07:18:36] pilot will initially run on gray hydrogen uh from gas reforming, not [07:18:38] hydrogen uh from gas reforming, not green. And this is because the clean [07:18:40] green. And this is because the clean supply chain does not yet exist here. So [07:18:43] supply chain does not yet exist here. So renewable energy and hydrogen [07:18:45] renewable energy and hydrogen infrastructure are being planned in [07:18:46] infrastructure are being planned in silos, not co-designed with industrial [07:18:49] silos, not co-designed with industrial transition timelines and that [07:18:51] transition timelines and that coordination failure remains urgent and [07:18:53] coordination failure remains urgent and unresolved for us. to talk about our car [07:18:56] unresolved for us. to talk about our car carbon prices that are too weak to drive [07:18:58] carbon prices that are too weak to drive investment. Uh Korea's keb price is at 6 [07:19:02] investment. Uh Korea's keb price is at 6 to7 USD per ton which is against the [07:19:05] to7 USD per ton which is against the IPCC recommended um 50 to 100 USD by [07:19:09] IPCC recommended um 50 to 100 USD by 2030 and steel and prochemicals continue [07:19:12] 2030 and steel and prochemicals continue to receive 100% free allocation which [07:19:15] to receive 100% free allocation which are the sectors accounting for 95% of [07:19:18] are the sectors accounting for 95% of our industrial emissions [07:19:20] our industrial emissions right here right now in Yosu. Uh the [07:19:22] right here right now in Yosu. Uh the crisis is quite immediate for our [07:19:24] crisis is quite immediate for our prochemical industry. Last year our [07:19:26] prochemical industry. Last year our production the production fell over 10% [07:19:29] production the production fell over 10% exports dropped nearly 14% and [07:19:32] exports dropped nearly 14% and unemployment benefit recipients rose by [07:19:34] unemployment benefit recipients rose by more than 44%. [07:19:36] more than 44%. But cutting capacity alone does not [07:19:38] But cutting capacity alone does not secure this region's future. NAFTA [07:19:40] secure this region's future. NAFTA cracking accounts for 70% of prochemical [07:19:43] cracking accounts for 70% of prochemical emissions and renewable energy based [07:19:46] emissions and renewable energy based electrification is the most [07:19:47] electrification is the most costeffective pathway available. Yet [07:19:50] costeffective pathway available. Yet Korea still remains at the laboratory [07:19:52] Korea still remains at the laboratory stage while BASF is already operating [07:19:54] stage while BASF is already operating demonstration plants. So to give an [07:19:57] demonstration plants. So to give an example of what's been working for us in [07:19:59] example of what's been working for us in the policy development, uh last November [07:20:02] the policy development, uh last November the K steel act passed that which is the [07:20:04] the K steel act passed that which is the first uh steel legislation in 40 years [07:20:07] first uh steel legislation in 40 years which um creating the framework for [07:20:09] which um creating the framework for decarbonization planning, hierarch [07:20:11] decarbonization planning, hierarch support, lowcarbon steel zones and green [07:20:14] support, lowcarbon steel zones and green steel certification that will enter into [07:20:17] steel certification that will enter into force this June very soon. and a [07:20:19] force this June very soon. and a follow-up amendment would add [07:20:20] follow-up amendment would add electricity tariff relief which is a [07:20:22] electricity tariff relief which is a necessary condition for a fundamentally [07:20:25] necessary condition for a fundamentally electricity intensive transition. [07:20:28] electricity intensive transition. Korea's you may know in 24 uh 2024 [07:20:30] Korea's you may know in 24 uh 2024 Korea's constitutional court ruled the [07:20:32] Korea's constitutional court ruled the carbon neutrality act as [07:20:34] carbon neutrality act as unconstitutional prompting the current [07:20:36] unconstitutional prompting the current Lee administration to submit a 2035 NDC [07:20:40] Lee administration to submit a 2035 NDC target and launch the KGX uh the very [07:20:43] target and launch the KGX uh the very process that brings us together this [07:20:45] process that brings us together this week for prochemicals. Yazu has the [07:20:48] week for prochemicals. Yazu has the industrialbased workforce and renewable [07:20:51] industrialbased workforce and renewable energy potential to lead. So what we're [07:20:53] energy potential to lead. So what we're missing now or what we're needing now is [07:20:55] missing now or what we're needing now is a regionally led road map backed by R&D [07:20:58] a regionally led road map backed by R&D demonstration funding and concrete [07:21:00] demonstration funding and concrete policy support. [07:21:03] policy support. So Korea's experience illustrates a [07:21:05] So Korea's experience illustrates a pattern um this room will recognize. [07:21:07] pattern um this room will recognize. Good frameworks without financing are [07:21:09] Good frameworks without financing are just documents. Ambitious road maps [07:21:11] just documents. Ambitious road maps without credible infrastructure are just [07:21:14] without credible infrastructure are just timelines. and certification standards [07:21:16] timelines. and certification standards set too low to drive real technology [07:21:18] set too low to drive real technology shifts are ambition without [07:21:20] shifts are ambition without accountability for us. This is why [07:21:23] accountability for us. This is why precisely why the uh mitigation work [07:21:25] precisely why the uh mitigation work program matters and Korea's financing [07:21:27] program matters and Korea's financing gap, carbon prices too weak to shift [07:21:29] gap, carbon prices too weak to shift investment and energy and hydrogen [07:21:31] investment and energy and hydrogen plants desire in silos. These are not um [07:21:34] plants desire in silos. These are not um uniquely Korean problems. They are [07:21:36] uniquely Korean problems. They are structural barriers this work program [07:21:39] structural barriers this work program must help dis dismantle. I'll I'll stop [07:21:41] must help dis dismantle. I'll I'll stop here and I hope uh we'll have a very [07:21:44] here and I hope uh we'll have a very fruitful discussion today. Thank you for [07:21:45] fruitful discussion today. Thank you for having me. [07:21:47] having me. >> Thank you very much Kiri and um for that [07:21:51] >> Thank you very much Kiri and um for that very um concise um and clear framework [07:21:55] very um concise um and clear framework of some of the challenges. I will now [07:21:58] of some of the challenges. I will now open the floor um for your [07:22:01] open the floor um for your interventions, [07:22:03] interventions, reactions, comments, examples. [07:22:13] Okay, thank you Nasser. Um, so we have [07:22:16] Okay, thank you Nasser. Um, so we have Nasser or from Capsark to kick us off [07:22:19] Nasser or from Capsark to kick us off again. Over to you. [07:22:23] >> Oh, hi. Uh, yes. I mean, um, talking [07:22:26] >> Oh, hi. Uh, yes. I mean, um, talking about the challenges just to follow up [07:22:28] about the challenges just to follow up from the previous session from from the [07:22:30] from the previous session from from the experience [07:22:31] experience um in Saudi Arabia and the wider region, [07:22:34] um in Saudi Arabia and the wider region, a number of common challenges have [07:22:36] a number of common challenges have emerged. Um and these I think they are [07:22:40] emerged. Um and these I think they are not really unique to one country but [07:22:43] not really unique to one country but rather uh you know um you know reflect [07:22:46] rather uh you know um you know reflect broader structural system level issues. [07:22:49] broader structural system level issues. The first and most significant one is [07:22:51] The first and most significant one is the cost. Of course many carbon [07:22:53] the cost. Of course many carbon management solutions particularly carbon [07:22:55] management solutions particularly carbon capture utilization and storage are [07:22:57] capture utilization and storage are still very very expensive as as we know. [07:23:00] still very very expensive as as we know. uh this is especially the case uh when [07:23:02] uh this is especially the case uh when you consider transport and storage [07:23:04] you consider transport and storage infrastructure as well as the cost of [07:23:06] infrastructure as well as the cost of low carbon you know hydrogen required [07:23:08] low carbon you know hydrogen required for many utilization pathways like for [07:23:10] for many utilization pathways like for example making synthetic fuels. [07:23:14] example making synthetic fuels. Um as a result the current cost profile [07:23:16] Um as a result the current cost profile can limit large scale deployment u you [07:23:18] can limit large scale deployment u you know without without uh the right [07:23:21] know without without uh the right enabling conditions. uh so collaboration [07:23:24] enabling conditions. uh so collaboration is needed to share knowledge and [07:23:25] is needed to share knowledge and expertise um you know uh in order to [07:23:29] expertise um you know uh in order to bring these cost down. A second [07:23:30] bring these cost down. A second challenge uh which which we have noticed [07:23:33] challenge uh which which we have noticed is basically related to technology [07:23:34] is basically related to technology maturity. So while some solutions are [07:23:37] maturity. So while some solutions are already commercially available others [07:23:40] already commercially available others such as again sustainable aviation fuels [07:23:43] such as again sustainable aviation fuels or or synthetic fuels uh or even using [07:23:46] or or synthetic fuels uh or even using CO2 and chemicals um are still at early [07:23:50] CO2 and chemicals um are still at early stage um of development. This creates [07:23:52] stage um of development. This creates uncertainty around performance, [07:23:54] uncertainty around performance, scalability, [07:23:56] scalability, um long-term economics, um and this [07:23:59] um long-term economics, um and this could delay investment. [07:24:02] could delay investment. For the CCS example, for example, you [07:24:04] For the CCS example, for example, you know, from a technology point of view, [07:24:07] know, from a technology point of view, we we think that we should not lock [07:24:09] we we think that we should not lock ourselves uh into, for example, one [07:24:12] ourselves uh into, for example, one technology. For example, amine is is the [07:24:15] technology. For example, amine is is the most widely used technology uh worldwide [07:24:18] most widely used technology uh worldwide or or proposed technology. uh but [07:24:20] or or proposed technology. uh but obviously there are other technologies [07:24:21] obviously there are other technologies like potassium carbonate is well [07:24:23] like potassium carbonate is well established in other sectors and can [07:24:25] established in other sectors and can actually be used for uh things like the [07:24:28] actually be used for uh things like the cement sector uh you know some of the [07:24:30] cement sector uh you know some of the chemical sectors and so on. So really we [07:24:31] chemical sectors and so on. So really we we should explore the the full spectrum [07:24:35] we should explore the the full spectrum of of available solvents and [07:24:38] of of available solvents and technologies and so on. regulation is a [07:24:40] technologies and so on. regulation is a very important um which I highlighted [07:24:43] very important um which I highlighted also in the in the in the panel [07:24:45] also in the in the in the panel discussion is is basically regulation [07:24:48] discussion is is basically regulation the liability for the CO2 stored [07:24:50] the liability for the CO2 stored actually when it's rel when it relates [07:24:52] actually when it's rel when it relates to the CO2 storage is a very important [07:24:55] to the CO2 storage is a very important aspect uh but regulation in general [07:24:57] aspect uh but regulation in general whether it's also whether whether for [07:24:59] whether it's also whether whether for example in terms of energy efficiency uh [07:25:02] example in terms of energy efficiency uh the encouragement of waste heat [07:25:04] the encouragement of waste heat utilization you know how do you [07:25:05] utilization you know how do you incentivize that this is a very [07:25:07] incentivize that this is a very important aspect [07:25:09] important aspect And also an additional aspect maybe I [07:25:12] And also an additional aspect maybe I can highlight is the is that uh we we [07:25:15] can highlight is the is that uh we we have the issue of of long industrial [07:25:18] have the issue of of long industrial asset life cycles. Many facilities [07:25:21] asset life cycles. Many facilities operate for 20 to 40 years or more uh [07:25:25] operate for 20 to 40 years or more uh which creates a risk obviously of [07:25:27] which creates a risk obviously of long-term emission lock in um aligning [07:25:30] long-term emission lock in um aligning the carbonization pathways with these [07:25:32] the carbonization pathways with these existing uh you know infrastructures [07:25:35] existing uh you know infrastructures infrastructure cycles requires um [07:25:38] infrastructure cycles requires um careful planning particularly when when [07:25:40] careful planning particularly when when when considering uh retrofits to systems [07:25:44] when considering uh retrofits to systems um um or phase transitions [07:25:47] um um or phase transitions and you know we talked a lot about the [07:25:49] and you know we talked a lot about the the the the the the infrastructure being [07:25:51] the the the the the infrastructure being a big barrier for example when it comes [07:25:53] a big barrier for example when it comes to seu transport and storage [07:25:54] to seu transport and storage specifically [07:25:56] specifically u you know obviously in the kingdom or [07:25:59] u you know obviously in the kingdom or Saudi Arabia uh you know that is still [07:26:02] Saudi Arabia uh you know that is still developing or evolving uh but the [07:26:05] developing or evolving uh but the absence of shared infrastructure can [07:26:07] absence of shared infrastructure can constrain you know uh both the [07:26:09] constrain you know uh both the scalability and cost effectiveness um of [07:26:11] scalability and cost effectiveness um of CCS [07:26:13] CCS and maybe also I would like also to [07:26:15] and maybe also I would like also to highlight finally the the market demand [07:26:18] highlight finally the the market demand you know market and demand uncertainty [07:26:20] you know market and demand uncertainty is is very important because at the [07:26:22] is is very important because at the kingdom we are looking specifically at [07:26:24] kingdom we are looking specifically at CO2 utilization pathways on the road to [07:26:28] CO2 utilization pathways on the road to to to basically developing a CCU hub. Um [07:26:32] to to basically developing a CCU hub. Um I mean at present demand for lowcarbon [07:26:35] I mean at present demand for lowcarbon industrial products and CO2 based fuels [07:26:37] industrial products and CO2 based fuels remains limited or unclear in many [07:26:39] remains limited or unclear in many cases. This uncertainty can affect the [07:26:42] cases. This uncertainty can affect the bankability of projects and delay [07:26:44] bankability of projects and delay investment decisions. uh so overall I [07:26:47] investment decisions. uh so overall I think u a key challenge is not uh only [07:26:49] think u a key challenge is not uh only developing the technologies themselves [07:26:52] developing the technologies themselves unlocking ourselves in the technology or [07:26:53] unlocking ourselves in the technology or not uh but also creating the markets [07:26:56] not uh but also creating the markets that's also important the infrastructure [07:26:58] that's also important the infrastructure and policy frameworks as well um you [07:27:01] and policy frameworks as well um you know to to basically enhance and help [07:27:03] know to to basically enhance and help scalability uh that is also another [07:27:06] scalability uh that is also another another challenge uh so a new new [07:27:08] another challenge uh so a new new innovations which could um have a major [07:27:11] innovations which could um have a major role [07:27:13] role uh you know uh for example the the the [07:27:15] uh you know uh for example the the the aspect of using CO2 in brine from [07:27:18] aspect of using CO2 in brine from dalination plants and using CO2 in in [07:27:21] dalination plants and using CO2 in in alkaline industrial waste such as for [07:27:23] alkaline industrial waste such as for example something we've been looking at [07:27:24] example something we've been looking at is in the kingdom is steel slag uh or or [07:27:28] is in the kingdom is steel slag uh or or even for example cement kil dust as [07:27:30] even for example cement kil dust as sinks for carbon dioxide uh these are [07:27:33] sinks for carbon dioxide uh these are innovative solutions but they need you [07:27:36] innovative solutions but they need you know obviously uh the capital I mean [07:27:38] know obviously uh the capital I mean they have lower low capital to to really [07:27:41] they have lower low capital to to really deploy them but obviously in comparison [07:27:43] deploy them but obviously in comparison to other solutions but then um and they [07:27:46] to other solutions but then um and they are being demonstrated in other [07:27:48] are being demonstrated in other countries like in Australia and other [07:27:49] countries like in Australia and other countries. But obviously the then the [07:27:52] countries. But obviously the then the key thing here is the financial [07:27:53] key thing here is the financial incentive and the regulation. [07:27:55] incentive and the regulation. Um based on our experience um a num a [07:27:59] Um based on our experience um a num a number of practical approaches have [07:28:01] number of practical approaches have emerged I mean over the years trying [07:28:02] emerged I mean over the years trying trying to really how how do we address [07:28:04] trying to really how how do we address these barriers uh policy frameworks such [07:28:06] these barriers uh policy frameworks such as the circular carbon economy um and [07:28:10] as the circular carbon economy um and obviously that helped um you know gave a [07:28:13] obviously that helped um you know gave a long-term policy signal uh which helped [07:28:16] long-term policy signal uh which helped provide direction and confidence for for [07:28:18] provide direction and confidence for for for the private sector to come in. uh [07:28:21] for the private sector to come in. uh this kind of clarity is essential for [07:28:23] this kind of clarity is essential for stakeholders uh making those long-term [07:28:25] stakeholders uh making those long-term decisions and also um you know [07:28:29] decisions and also um you know collaboration public private uh sector [07:28:32] collaboration public private uh sector collaboration uh you know has been [07:28:34] collaboration uh you know has been critical and important partnerships [07:28:36] critical and important partnerships between government industry and research [07:28:38] between government industry and research institutions have helped advance [07:28:40] institutions have helped advance innovation in in many of the [07:28:42] innovation in in many of the technologies I have mentioned earlier uh [07:28:45] technologies I have mentioned earlier uh knowledge exchange and um and also [07:28:47] knowledge exchange and um and also collaboration whether within the kingdom [07:28:49] collaboration whether within the kingdom also uh you globally. That was a very [07:28:52] also uh you globally. That was a very important aspect in terms of advancing [07:28:54] important aspect in terms of advancing many of the the thinking. And thirdly, [07:28:58] many of the the thinking. And thirdly, um obviously the development of [07:29:00] um obviously the development of industrial clusters. I mean we [07:29:01] industrial clusters. I mean we identified 18 industrial clusters across [07:29:04] identified 18 industrial clusters across the kingdom in in different locations [07:29:06] the kingdom in in different locations from east to west, north to to south and [07:29:09] from east to west, north to to south and and that obviously is is a very [07:29:11] and that obviously is is a very effective approach clustering industry [07:29:14] effective approach clustering industry uh by concentrating industrial activity [07:29:16] uh by concentrating industrial activity and enabling shared infrastructure. U [07:29:19] and enabling shared infrastructure. U you know this obviously can [07:29:21] you know this obviously can significantly reduce costs and improve [07:29:23] significantly reduce costs and improve scalability. Again uh another important [07:29:26] scalability. Again uh another important approach is the phased approach like the [07:29:28] approach is the phased approach like the the the kingdom kingdom's target in [07:29:30] the the kingdom kingdom's target in terms of 9 million tons by 2028 [07:29:34] terms of 9 million tons by 2028 44 million by 2035 per CCS is helped by [07:29:38] 44 million by 2035 per CCS is helped by having a phased approach of like first [07:29:39] having a phased approach of like first phase by by you know up to 2030 and then [07:29:42] phase by by you know up to 2030 and then beyond that. So that is um that's [07:29:45] beyond that. So that is um that's helpful. I think finally and importantly [07:29:48] helpful. I think finally and importantly um there is a growing obviously um I [07:29:51] um there is a growing obviously um I think recognition of the need for [07:29:54] think recognition of the need for prioritization. [07:29:55] prioritization. I like the comment before from my [07:29:58] I like the comment before from my colleagues about [07:30:00] colleagues about uh about the need for industrial road [07:30:02] uh about the need for industrial road maps. This is something obviously which [07:30:04] maps. This is something obviously which which obviously um something we need to [07:30:07] which obviously um something we need to develop in Saudi Arabia. basically [07:30:09] develop in Saudi Arabia. basically looking at road maps for the different [07:30:10] looking at road maps for the different sectors, the cement, the steel, the [07:30:12] sectors, the cement, the steel, the refineries and so on because you know [07:30:14] refineries and so on because you know developing these MAC curves and looking [07:30:16] developing these MAC curves and looking okay what is the the least cost options [07:30:19] okay what is the the least cost options for different industries. It could be [07:30:21] for different industries. It could be energy efficiency which is probably the [07:30:22] energy efficiency which is probably the case for for many of these uh sectors. [07:30:26] case for for many of these uh sectors. Uh is it is it renewable alternative [07:30:28] Uh is it is it renewable alternative fuels? Is it hydrogen or maybe waste [07:30:31] fuels? Is it hydrogen or maybe waste used in in in these industries to [07:30:33] used in in in these industries to generate heat, electricity or or even um [07:30:37] generate heat, electricity or or even um you know other other u uh alternative [07:30:41] you know other other u uh alternative fuels and it could be CCS but obviously [07:30:44] fuels and it could be CCS but obviously we need to develop these road maps [07:30:46] we need to develop these road maps actually then look at that MAC curve and [07:30:47] actually then look at that MAC curve and see what are the most attractive [07:30:49] see what are the most attractive options. Um [07:30:52] options. Um and thank you that's that's my [07:30:53] and thank you that's that's my intervention here. Thank you. [07:30:56] intervention here. Thank you. >> Thank you very much Nasser. um for for [07:30:59] >> Thank you very much Nasser. um for for that for that intervention and really [07:31:01] that for that intervention and really for I think just from the experiences of [07:31:03] for I think just from the experiences of of the kingdom setting the stage on the [07:31:05] of the kingdom setting the stage on the range of challenges that um that you [07:31:08] range of challenges that um that you have not only experienced but of course [07:31:10] have not only experienced but of course foresee as countries um undertake an [07:31:14] foresee as countries um undertake an industrial decarbonization process. Um [07:31:17] industrial decarbonization process. Um next on my list is uh Katie from Lead It [07:31:20] next on my list is uh Katie from Lead It and this is going to be a virtual [07:31:21] and this is going to be a virtual intervention. [07:31:23] intervention. Katie, [07:31:25] Katie, >> thank you so much. Um so I'm just going [07:31:27] >> thank you so much. Um so I'm just going to provide a few remarks from my [07:31:29] to provide a few remarks from my colleague uh Felipe who unfortunately [07:31:31] colleague uh Felipe who unfortunately had to step out but he's our head of [07:31:34] had to step out but he's our head of partnerships at Lead It and he wanted to [07:31:36] partnerships at Lead It and he wanted to elaborate uh on a particular challenge [07:31:38] elaborate uh on a particular challenge but perhaps also an opportunity to uh to [07:31:42] but perhaps also an opportunity to uh to overcome that challenge or or to tackle [07:31:44] overcome that challenge or or to tackle that challenge which is on the topic of [07:31:46] that challenge which is on the topic of technology dissemination uh that was [07:31:49] technology dissemination uh that was also touched on by uh Adriana uh earlier [07:31:52] also touched on by uh Adriana uh earlier today. One of the key insights that we'd [07:31:55] today. One of the key insights that we'd like to share with this group is that [07:31:58] like to share with this group is that the journey taken by industrialized [07:32:00] the journey taken by industrialized economies to decarbonize heavy industry, [07:32:04] economies to decarbonize heavy industry, in other words, heavily subsidizing new [07:32:06] in other words, heavily subsidizing new technology, does not need to be the only [07:32:09] technology, does not need to be the only route uh for emerging markets. [07:32:12] route uh for emerging markets. So many lowcarbon solutions are already [07:32:15] So many lowcarbon solutions are already well advanced in industrialized [07:32:17] well advanced in industrialized economies. The challenge is that they [07:32:19] economies. The challenge is that they haven't often been tested or adapted to [07:32:22] haven't often been tested or adapted to local conditions elsewhere. And that [07:32:24] local conditions elsewhere. And that creates technology risk which raises the [07:32:27] creates technology risk which raises the cost of capital and limits deployment. [07:32:30] cost of capital and limits deployment. Put simply, solutions may exist [07:32:32] Put simply, solutions may exist globally, but they are only ready in [07:32:35] globally, but they are only ready in certain places and not always where they [07:32:38] certain places and not always where they are needed most. And we have an example [07:32:40] are needed most. And we have an example of this issue uh from our own work with [07:32:43] of this issue uh from our own work with India and Sweden. So a Swedish [07:32:45] India and Sweden. So a Swedish technology provider may have a proven [07:32:48] technology provider may have a proven solution but demonstrating that it works [07:32:50] solution but demonstrating that it works in India requires the Indian counterpart [07:32:53] in India requires the Indian counterpart to send materials back and forth between [07:32:56] to send materials back and forth between countries which is costly, time [07:32:58] countries which is costly, time consuming and ultimately limited in [07:33:01] consuming and ultimately limited in scope. A more practical solution is to [07:33:05] scope. A more practical solution is to develop and support mechanisms that take [07:33:07] develop and support mechanisms that take proven technologies from industrialized [07:33:10] proven technologies from industrialized countries and adapt these technologies [07:33:12] countries and adapt these technologies to emerging markets in laboratories and [07:33:16] to emerging markets in laboratories and industrial facilities in emerging [07:33:18] industrial facilities in emerging markets for the benefit of multiple [07:33:20] markets for the benefit of multiple companies. [07:33:22] companies. This approach not only lowers the cost [07:33:24] This approach not only lowers the cost of these technologies but by doing so it [07:33:27] of these technologies but by doing so it enables the dissemination of clean [07:33:29] enables the dissemination of clean technologies to take place through [07:33:31] technologies to take place through market forces throughout an entire [07:33:34] market forces throughout an entire industry. So rather than on a company by [07:33:37] industry. So rather than on a company by company basis since ultimately lower [07:33:40] company basis since ultimately lower price makes for a stronger business [07:33:42] price makes for a stronger business case. [07:33:44] case. This in Filipe's words is what [07:33:46] This in Filipe's words is what technology transfer looks like when it [07:33:49] technology transfer looks like when it is not charity. If it works in India or [07:33:52] is not charity. If it works in India or in Brazil, it will work in other regions [07:33:54] in Brazil, it will work in other regions of the world that might not have the [07:33:57] of the world that might not have the Goldilocks uh conditions of countries [07:34:00] Goldilocks uh conditions of countries like Sweden. Um and it's not without its [07:34:03] like Sweden. Um and it's not without its challenges. It takes time to identify [07:34:05] challenges. It takes time to identify the right technologies, find the right [07:34:07] the right technologies, find the right partners, agree terms for adapting [07:34:10] partners, agree terms for adapting technologies. But we see are starting to [07:34:12] technologies. But we see are starting to see promising developments uh on these [07:34:15] see promising developments uh on these kinds of mechanisms in countries like [07:34:17] kinds of mechanisms in countries like India and others. So broad point, if we [07:34:21] India and others. So broad point, if we want to unlock industrial [07:34:22] want to unlock industrial decarbonization globally, we need to [07:34:25] decarbonization globally, we need to think more creatively about how and [07:34:27] think more creatively about how and where technology becomes truly ready. [07:34:31] where technology becomes truly ready. Um, and this is something that we're [07:34:33] Um, and this is something that we're working on and really encourage others [07:34:34] working on and really encourage others to do so. Thanks so much for the floor. [07:34:39] to do so. Thanks so much for the floor. >> Thank you, Katie. I'm really hoping that [07:34:42] >> Thank you, Katie. I'm really hoping that through dialogues such as this, we may [07:34:45] through dialogues such as this, we may be able to identify ways to ensure that [07:34:48] be able to identify ways to ensure that some of those challenges and the [07:34:50] some of those challenges and the opportunities to resolve them can be um [07:34:53] opportunities to resolve them can be um can be leveraged. Um now I have another [07:34:57] can be leveraged. Um now I have another virtual intervention and this is from [07:34:59] virtual intervention and this is from Colombia. [07:35:05] Thank you very much co-chair. Um my [07:35:09] Thank you very much co-chair. Um my colleague in the previous session for [07:35:11] colleague in the previous session for these same themes uh two outlined main [07:35:15] these same themes uh two outlined main structural barriers to industrial [07:35:18] structural barriers to industrial decarbonization including um I would [07:35:21] decarbonization including um I would mention some of of those mentioned [07:35:25] mention some of of those mentioned before including challenges related to [07:35:28] before including challenges related to data availability and quality in order [07:35:32] data availability and quality in order to uh be able to uh design um or move [07:35:38] to uh be able to uh design um or move toward higher tier methodologies and to [07:35:41] toward higher tier methodologies and to design more targeted uh mitigation [07:35:44] design more targeted uh mitigation strategies. erh as well as long life [07:35:47] strategies. erh as well as long life cycles of industrial assets uh [07:35:50] cycles of industrial assets uh particularly in sectors such as cement [07:35:53] particularly in sectors such as cement and steel which of course as mentioned [07:35:56] and steel which of course as mentioned before by some of uh our colleagues [07:35:59] before by some of uh our colleagues creating risks of carbon locking. um and [07:36:03] creating risks of carbon locking. um and also uh some infrastructure gaps, [07:36:06] also uh some infrastructure gaps, shortages [07:36:08] shortages of specialized human capital and uh the [07:36:12] of specialized human capital and uh the need for breakthrough technologies. Um [07:36:16] need for breakthrough technologies. Um also she mentioned uh some uh enabling [07:36:20] also she mentioned uh some uh enabling approaches including development of [07:36:23] approaches including development of investment portfolios for a just [07:36:25] investment portfolios for a just transition regulatory financial and [07:36:28] transition regulatory financial and fiscal enablers [07:36:31] fiscal enablers but I would like to further share some [07:36:34] but I would like to further share some reflections ground grounded in [07:36:38] reflections ground grounded in uh the practical experience also in the [07:36:41] uh the practical experience also in the industrial decarbonization in Colombia. [07:36:44] industrial decarbonization in Colombia. Um a first key challenge here relates to [07:36:47] Um a first key challenge here relates to the mismatch uh between available [07:36:50] the mismatch uh between available technologies and local conditions. Um in [07:36:54] technologies and local conditions. Um in several cases, technologies that are [07:36:56] several cases, technologies that are technically viable have required [07:36:59] technically viable have required adaptation to national contexts [07:37:02] adaptation to national contexts including differences in fitto quality, [07:37:04] including differences in fitto quality, infrastructure and operational [07:37:07] infrastructure and operational capacities. This has highlighted the [07:37:10] capacities. This has highlighted the importance for us of technology [07:37:12] importance for us of technology co-development and local technical [07:37:15] co-development and local technical validation rather than simple transfer [07:37:17] validation rather than simple transfer of technology. Um second we have faced [07:37:21] of technology. Um second we have faced barriers linked to operational [07:37:23] barriers linked to operational integration within existing industrial [07:37:26] integration within existing industrial processes. Even when technologies are [07:37:29] processes. Even when technologies are available, their incorporation into [07:37:32] available, their incorporation into ongoing production systems can disrupt [07:37:35] ongoing production systems can disrupt efficiency or increase shortterm costs. [07:37:39] efficiency or increase shortterm costs. And of course, the the [07:37:42] And of course, the the um availability of or or the via the [07:37:47] um availability of or or the via the ability of the uh industry to to [07:37:51] ability of the uh industry to to integrate them. uh this has required a [07:37:54] integrate them. uh this has required a gradual approach combining pilot phases, [07:37:57] gradual approach combining pilot phases, process optima optimization and capacity [07:38:01] process optima optimization and capacity building within companies. Um as well as [07:38:05] building within companies. Um as well as also mentioned before the the challenge [07:38:10] also mentioned before the the challenge and at the same time the the strong [07:38:14] and at the same time the the strong collabor collaboration with organized [07:38:16] collabor collaboration with organized industry as a a as a strategic asset. Um [07:38:22] industry as a a as a strategic asset. Um and uh I I would like also to mention [07:38:28] and uh I I would like also to mention another important barrier as the frag [07:38:32] another important barrier as the frag fragmentation of actors across value [07:38:35] fragmentation of actors across value chains uh which complicates the [07:38:37] chains uh which complicates the implementation of systemic solutions [07:38:39] implementation of systemic solutions such as circular economy approaches or [07:38:42] such as circular economy approaches or industrial symbio symbiosis. Um [07:38:46] industrial symbio symbiosis. Um overcoming this has required creating [07:38:49] overcoming this has required creating platforms for coordination and trust [07:38:51] platforms for coordination and trust building among industries, government [07:38:53] building among industries, government and other stakeholders. In response to [07:38:56] and other stakeholders. In response to these challenges, several approaches [07:38:58] these challenges, several approaches have proven uh particularly useful first [07:39:02] have proven uh particularly useful first uh faced uh implementation strategies as [07:39:06] uh faced uh implementation strategies as I mentioned before starting with pilots [07:39:08] I mentioned before starting with pilots for example but start scaling them [07:39:11] for example but start scaling them progressively. Um [07:39:14] progressively. Um uh second targeted uh technical [07:39:16] uh second targeted uh technical assistance embedded with industrial [07:39:18] assistance embedded with industrial processes. Uh this has been critical to [07:39:21] processes. Uh this has been critical to ensure that that technologies are [07:39:24] ensure that that technologies are effectively adopted and sustained over [07:39:26] effectively adopted and sustained over time. Uh thirdly, uh publicly available [07:39:32] time. Uh thirdly, uh publicly available um uh sorry public private coordination [07:39:35] um uh sorry public private coordination mechanisms uh which have enabled [07:39:39] mechanisms uh which have enabled alignment between policy design and [07:39:41] alignment between policy design and industrial realities facilitating more [07:39:44] industrial realities facilitating more practical and implement implementable [07:39:47] practical and implement implementable solutions. In conclusion, Colombia's [07:39:50] solutions. In conclusion, Colombia's experience [07:39:52] experience shows that the main challenge is not [07:39:55] shows that the main challenge is not only access to technologies, but for [07:39:57] only access to technologies, but for their effective integration into real [07:40:00] their effective integration into real industrial contexts. Uh addressing these [07:40:04] industrial contexts. Uh addressing these will require flexible context specific [07:40:07] will require flexible context specific approaches that combine technical [07:40:09] approaches that combine technical institution and market solutions. So [07:40:12] institution and market solutions. So with this, I thank you very much for the [07:40:16] with this, I thank you very much for the floor. [07:40:18] floor. Thank you very much Colombia. Um I now [07:40:21] Thank you very much Colombia. Um I now have the Saudi Arabia uh Kada. [07:40:30] >> Thank you chair. Um building on the [07:40:32] >> Thank you chair. Um building on the points already highlighted by my [07:40:33] points already highlighted by my colleague from the perspective of ICT [07:40:36] colleague from the perspective of ICT enabled decarbonization [07:40:37] enabled decarbonization several challenges arise in practice and [07:40:39] several challenges arise in practice and many of which are not specific to Saudi [07:40:41] many of which are not specific to Saudi Arabia but observed globally. One key [07:40:43] Arabia but observed globally. One key challenge is that many industrial assets [07:40:45] challenge is that many industrial assets have long operational life cycles and [07:40:48] have long operational life cycles and operators are understandably cautious [07:40:49] operators are understandably cautious about introducing new technologies that [07:40:51] about introducing new technologies that may affect reliability or production [07:40:52] may affect reliability or production continuity. Um, a second barrier relates [07:40:55] continuity. Um, a second barrier relates to data availability and [07:40:56] to data availability and standardization. Many digital [07:40:58] standardization. Many digital optimization approaches rely on high [07:41:00] optimization approaches rely on high quality operational data. Yet data [07:41:02] quality operational data. Yet data architectures were not originally [07:41:04] architectures were not originally designed with emission reduction or [07:41:06] designed with emission reduction or measurements uh in mind which can make [07:41:08] measurements uh in mind which can make integration uh a bit complex. We also [07:41:11] integration uh a bit complex. We also observed that digital mitigation [07:41:12] observed that digital mitigation solutions often fall between sectoral [07:41:14] solutions often fall between sectoral mandates requiring coordination between [07:41:16] mandates requiring coordination between energy industry and ICT actors which can [07:41:18] energy industry and ICT actors which can slow adoption uh where governance [07:41:20] slow adoption uh where governance structures are not yet uh fully aligned. [07:41:23] structures are not yet uh fully aligned. In practice, several approaches have [07:41:25] In practice, several approaches have helped address these challenges um such [07:41:27] helped address these challenges um such as focusing on the existing [07:41:29] as focusing on the existing infrastructure allows emission [07:41:30] infrastructure allows emission reductions without requiring early [07:41:32] reductions without requiring early retirement of capital stock making [07:41:34] retirement of capital stock making implementation more feasible within [07:41:35] implementation more feasible within existing uh investment cycles. [07:41:38] existing uh investment cycles. Developing common methodologies and MRV [07:41:40] Developing common methodologies and MRV approaches increases confidence that [07:41:42] approaches increases confidence that digital interventions can produce [07:41:43] digital interventions can produce measurable mitigation outcomes. Uh and [07:41:46] measurable mitigation outcomes. Uh and collaboration between regulators, [07:41:47] collaboration between regulators, technology providers and industrial [07:41:49] technology providers and industrial operators helps align expectations on [07:41:51] operators helps align expectations on data requirements, cyber security um [07:41:53] data requirements, cyber security um considerations and operational risk [07:41:55] considerations and operational risk management as well. So within the [07:41:57] management as well. So within the circular carbon economy framework, [07:41:59] circular carbon economy framework, digital technologies can support [07:42:00] digital technologies can support multiple pillars by improving [07:42:01] multiple pillars by improving efficiency, optimizing energy use across [07:42:03] efficiency, optimizing energy use across systems and enabling more robust uh [07:42:06] systems and enabling more robust uh monitoring and verification. Overall, [07:42:08] monitoring and verification. Overall, ICT enabled optimization can support [07:42:11] ICT enabled optimization can support incremental but scalable emission [07:42:12] incremental but scalable emission reductions across industrial systems and [07:42:14] reductions across industrial systems and particularly where approaches are [07:42:16] particularly where approaches are designed to integrate with existing [07:42:17] designed to integrate with existing infrastructure and governance [07:42:19] infrastructure and governance frameworks. [07:42:21] frameworks. Thank you. [07:42:23] Thank you. >> Thank you very much and I appreciate you [07:42:25] >> Thank you very much and I appreciate you following up with the challenges um [07:42:27] following up with the challenges um around the opportunity that you had [07:42:28] around the opportunity that you had outlined earlier. Um now we have China [07:42:34] outlined earlier. Um now we have China followed by the European Union. [07:42:39] Sorry, I didn't see which flag went up [07:42:41] Sorry, I didn't see which flag went up first. So, thank you. [07:42:45] first. So, thank you. >> Thank you, madam co-chair and thanks for [07:42:47] >> Thank you, madam co-chair and thanks for EU for giving me the floor. Actually, he [07:42:49] EU for giving me the floor. Actually, he raised the flag first. Um, so for China [07:42:53] raised the flag first. Um, so for China uh would like to share the following [07:42:56] uh would like to share the following points. The first is uh about the [07:42:59] points. The first is uh about the barriers. So, China is facing three [07:43:01] barriers. So, China is facing three major barriers. the barriers on [07:43:04] major barriers. the barriers on technology, the barriers on financial [07:43:06] technology, the barriers on financial and capacity and also the barriers on [07:43:09] and capacity and also the barriers on international cooperation environment. [07:43:11] international cooperation environment. So technology uh perspective the main [07:43:14] So technology uh perspective the main challenge in China is the bottlenecks in [07:43:18] challenge in China is the bottlenecks in the corn technologies. One example is on [07:43:21] the corn technologies. One example is on the hydrogen energy. China's hydrogen [07:43:23] the hydrogen energy. China's hydrogen energy industry is a critical stage of [07:43:26] energy industry is a critical stage of transition from the small scale [07:43:29] transition from the small scale demonstration to large scale [07:43:30] demonstration to large scale industrialization [07:43:32] industrialization with limited application demand and an [07:43:35] with limited application demand and an insufficient economic viability. It is [07:43:39] insufficient economic viability. It is necessary to expand the application [07:43:41] necessary to expand the application scale in the industry sector to reduce [07:43:44] scale in the industry sector to reduce cost. Meanwhile, the efforts should be [07:43:47] cost. Meanwhile, the efforts should be made to integrate the resources through [07:43:50] made to integrate the resources through the policy support and the intermin [07:43:53] the policy support and the intermin ministerial coordination and lower the [07:43:55] ministerial coordination and lower the cost of hydrogen production via [07:43:58] cost of hydrogen production via electricity price support and [07:44:00] electricity price support and participation in the electricity [07:44:02] participation in the electricity markets. Another example is the CCUs. [07:44:06] markets. Another example is the CCUs. The technology of CCUs is still in the [07:44:10] The technology of CCUs is still in the R&D and pilot stage. The energy [07:44:13] R&D and pilot stage. The energy consumption cost of carbon dioxide [07:44:15] consumption cost of carbon dioxide capture is very high. We are facing the [07:44:18] capture is very high. We are facing the restrictions for industrial [07:44:20] restrictions for industrial decarbonization. [07:44:21] decarbonization. There is uh still a long way to go [07:44:24] There is uh still a long way to go before the commercial application. So [07:44:26] before the commercial application. So regarding the second barrier on [07:44:28] regarding the second barrier on financial and capacity. So firstly the [07:44:31] financial and capacity. So firstly the investment is insufficient. At present [07:44:34] investment is insufficient. At present uh the investment in China's growing and [07:44:36] uh the investment in China's growing and low carbon industry is mainly [07:44:38] low carbon industry is mainly concentrated in the relative m mature [07:44:41] concentrated in the relative m mature sectors like the wind uh power and PV [07:44:46] sectors like the wind uh power and PV while the share of the investment in uh [07:44:48] while the share of the investment in uh cost uh cutting edge field such as the [07:44:52] cost uh cutting edge field such as the hydrogen energy and CCUs is relatively [07:44:55] hydrogen energy and CCUs is relatively low. In addition, the social capacity [07:44:58] low. In addition, the social capacity lacks the enthusiasm for participation [07:45:01] lacks the enthusiasm for participation which uh represents with the lower [07:45:04] which uh represents with the lower investment uh comparing with the [07:45:07] investment uh comparing with the traditional industries. [07:45:09] traditional industries. Secondly, the shortage [07:45:12] Secondly, the shortage second barrier is on the shortage on [07:45:14] second barrier is on the shortage on talents. There is a severe lack of the [07:45:17] talents. There is a severe lack of the interdisciplinary and versality [07:45:19] interdisciplinary and versality professionals. the talents training [07:45:22] professionals. the talents training system cannot fully meet the actual [07:45:24] system cannot fully meet the actual needs of the industry. The third barrier [07:45:27] needs of the industry. The third barrier is the international in labeling [07:45:29] is the international in labeling environment. China and many other [07:45:32] environment. China and many other countries as well are facing the [07:45:34] countries as well are facing the challenge of unilateral measures. We [07:45:37] challenge of unilateral measures. We believe this is necessary for having a [07:45:40] believe this is necessary for having a inclusive trade environment as the [07:45:43] inclusive trade environment as the positive enabler for enlarging the [07:45:45] positive enabler for enlarging the international cooperation. the global [07:45:48] international cooperation. the global green um uh the global green transition [07:45:51] green um uh the global green transition including the industry sector needs an [07:45:53] including the industry sector needs an enabling environment. Um so therefore [07:45:56] enabling environment. Um so therefore the unilateral measures will undermine [07:45:59] the unilateral measures will undermine the collective efforts towards global [07:46:01] the collective efforts towards global green transition. Regarding the barriers [07:46:04] green transition. Regarding the barriers above, China is making great efforts to [07:46:06] above, China is making great efforts to address those challenges. Firstly, we [07:46:09] address those challenges. Firstly, we build a green and lowcarbon industry [07:46:11] build a green and lowcarbon industry system. Promote technology upgrading of [07:46:13] system. Promote technology upgrading of traditional energy incentive industries [07:46:17] traditional energy incentive industries and plan ahead for a cut a cutting edge [07:46:20] and plan ahead for a cut a cutting edge in industries such as the hydrogen [07:46:22] in industries such as the hydrogen energy and CCUs. Secondly, China [07:46:25] energy and CCUs. Secondly, China develops a food chain grain supply chain [07:46:29] develops a food chain grain supply chain drive the coordination coordinated [07:46:31] drive the coordination coordinated lowcarbon transformation of of upstream [07:46:34] lowcarbon transformation of of upstream and downstream industries. develop a [07:46:37] and downstream industries. develop a circular economy and improve the product [07:46:40] circular economy and improve the product recycling system. Thirdly, China is [07:46:43] recycling system. Thirdly, China is deepening the international green [07:46:45] deepening the international green cooperation th strengthen the exchange [07:46:48] cooperation th strengthen the exchange on technology [07:46:50] on technology um and standards through the [07:46:51] um and standards through the multilateral mechanism in encourage [07:46:55] multilateral mechanism in encourage competitive green industries to go [07:46:57] competitive green industries to go globally fulfill the responsibility of [07:47:00] globally fulfill the responsibility of the major as a major country with [07:47:02] the major as a major country with concrete actions and jointly promote the [07:47:05] concrete actions and jointly promote the global green and lowcarbon transition [07:47:07] global green and lowcarbon transition with all countries. Thank you. [07:47:11] with all countries. Thank you. Thank you very much, China. Um, and now [07:47:14] Thank you very much, China. Um, and now we'll have the European Union [07:47:17] we'll have the European Union and thank you for seeding your place on [07:47:18] and thank you for seeding your place on the queue to colleague from China. [07:47:23] the queue to colleague from China. >> Of course, thanks a lot for um uh and I [07:47:26] >> Of course, thanks a lot for um uh and I mean this uh you know fully sincerely [07:47:29] mean this uh you know fully sincerely for guiding us to this day and the and [07:47:31] for guiding us to this day and the and the discussions here as well. Thanks to [07:47:33] the discussions here as well. Thanks to all the colleagues here for um the uh [07:47:36] all the colleagues here for um the uh very valuable um contributions while I [07:47:39] very valuable um contributions while I try to fix the mic but I think that's [07:47:42] try to fix the mic but I think that's how uh how it works. Um yeah on behalf [07:47:45] how uh how it works. Um yeah on behalf of the EU and its 27 member states let [07:47:47] of the EU and its 27 member states let me um bring in some general remarks and [07:47:50] me um bring in some general remarks and then also some more specific remarks on [07:47:53] then also some more specific remarks on barriers that we are facing in the in [07:47:55] barriers that we are facing in the in the EU. So on um on the general remarks [07:47:59] the EU. So on um on the general remarks just to uh to highlight that of course [07:48:02] just to uh to highlight that of course the industrial sector is responsible for [07:48:04] the industrial sector is responsible for a substantial share and portion of [07:48:07] a substantial share and portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. As we [07:48:09] global greenhouse gas emissions. As we heard today in the morning in the [07:48:11] heard today in the morning in the presentation by Yidito I think that 65% [07:48:14] presentation by Yidito I think that 65% of the energy uh for industrial for the [07:48:16] of the energy uh for industrial for the industrial sector comes from fossil [07:48:19] industrial sector comes from fossil fuels and also reports such as the [07:48:21] fuels and also reports such as the production gap report reveal a [07:48:23] production gap report reveal a persistent gap between planned fossil [07:48:24] persistent gap between planned fossil fuel production and the levels [07:48:26] fuel production and the levels consistent with the Paris agreement uh [07:48:28] consistent with the Paris agreement uh which underscores from our perspective [07:48:30] which underscores from our perspective the necessity of reducing and stopping [07:48:32] the necessity of reducing and stopping to the extent possible the dependence on [07:48:34] to the extent possible the dependence on fossil fuels in industrial processes. Um [07:48:37] fossil fuels in industrial processes. Um from our perspective the decommuniz [07:48:39] from our perspective the decommuniz deccomization of the industry really [07:48:42] deccomization of the industry really starts with cutting emissions at the [07:48:44] starts with cutting emissions at the source and this uh either is the [07:48:46] source and this uh either is the electricity generation or the provision [07:48:48] electricity generation or the provision of feed stocks and therefore includes [07:48:50] of feed stocks and therefore includes the whole fossil fuel supply chain into [07:48:52] the whole fossil fuel supply chain into the efforts of reducing emissions in the [07:48:54] the efforts of reducing emissions in the industry sector. Uh we've also seen um [07:48:58] industry sector. Uh we've also seen um that uh the industry sector suffers [07:49:00] that uh the industry sector suffers under the volatility of fossil fuel [07:49:02] under the volatility of fossil fuel energy markets in the EU but also beyond [07:49:05] energy markets in the EU but also beyond as it is demonstrated by the latest [07:49:07] as it is demonstrated by the latest conflict-driven energy price shocks um [07:49:10] conflict-driven energy price shocks um while inefficient fossil fuel subsidies [07:49:12] while inefficient fossil fuel subsidies still diminish the efforts to transition [07:49:14] still diminish the efforts to transition to decarbonized industries. And just to [07:49:16] to decarbonized industries. And just to give you some numbers in the EU um the [07:49:19] give you some numbers in the EU um the EU EU fossil fuel um import costs [07:49:22] EU EU fossil fuel um import costs increased by more than 22 billion uh [07:49:25] increased by more than 22 billion uh euro since the start of the conflict. So [07:49:27] euro since the start of the conflict. So urgent action is therefore needed not [07:49:29] urgent action is therefore needed not only to decarbonize existing facilities [07:49:31] only to decarbonize existing facilities but to prevent the further addition of [07:49:34] but to prevent the further addition of emissions intensive production [07:49:35] emissions intensive production facilities. Advancing from the lockin of [07:49:38] facilities. Advancing from the lockin of fossil fuels in the industry sector [07:49:40] fossil fuels in the industry sector requires of course collaborative action, [07:49:42] requires of course collaborative action, innovative solutions and robust policy [07:49:44] innovative solutions and robust policy frameworks recognizing different uh uh [07:49:47] frameworks recognizing different uh uh different different circumstances. Let [07:49:49] different different circumstances. Let me now go to another point which [07:49:51] me now go to another point which definitely addresses some of the [07:49:53] definitely addresses some of the barriers and was also already mentioned [07:49:54] barriers and was also already mentioned by some speakers before. Uh that uh the [07:49:57] by some speakers before. Uh that uh the important point that we in the UC that [07:49:59] important point that we in the UC that of course addressing barriers [07:50:02] of course addressing barriers um is uh can be supported by an [07:50:05] um is uh can be supported by an inclusive and gender responsive [07:50:06] inclusive and gender responsive industrial transition to low and zero [07:50:09] industrial transition to low and zero emission industries including the full [07:50:11] emission industries including the full equal and meaningful participation of [07:50:13] equal and meaningful participation of women and girls in all the diversity. [07:50:16] women and girls in all the diversity. and also saying that the de development [07:50:17] and also saying that the de development and deployment of new technologies [07:50:20] and deployment of new technologies should also create opportunities to [07:50:21] should also create opportunities to enhance women's participation leadership [07:50:24] enhance women's participation leadership and address persistent gaps in [07:50:25] and address persistent gaps in industrial employment in and innovation [07:50:27] industrial employment in and innovation systems by for instance promoting uh [07:50:30] systems by for instance promoting uh women's participation in STEM which is [07:50:32] women's participation in STEM which is still I think uh uh not only in the EU [07:50:34] still I think uh uh not only in the EU but also globally uh still an issue to [07:50:37] but also globally uh still an issue to tackle but also in engineering [07:50:39] tackle but also in engineering manufacturing and clean energy sectors. [07:50:42] manufacturing and clean energy sectors. Let me now go into some more specific [07:50:44] Let me now go into some more specific examples from barriers that we see in [07:50:46] examples from barriers that we see in the EU. Um so for instance um maybe just [07:50:49] the EU. Um so for instance um maybe just to give you some context whenever the [07:50:51] to give you some context whenever the European Commission is working on a [07:50:53] European Commission is working on a legislative proposal we also um provide [07:50:56] legislative proposal we also um provide a an impact assessment and in this [07:50:59] a an impact assessment and in this impact assessment there is always a very [07:51:01] impact assessment there is always a very comprehensive view on on challenges and [07:51:03] comprehensive view on on challenges and barriers and solutions. So for instance [07:51:05] barriers and solutions. So for instance under the industrial accelerator act [07:51:07] under the industrial accelerator act there are several barriers to the [07:51:09] there are several barriers to the industrial decommunization mentioned for [07:51:11] industrial decommunization mentioned for instance that there's still limited [07:51:13] instance that there's still limited demand for lowcarbon industrial products [07:51:16] demand for lowcarbon industrial products which either comes from market failure [07:51:18] which either comes from market failure uh reasons so challenges in [07:51:20] uh reasons so challenges in distinguishing lowcarbon industrial [07:51:22] distinguishing lowcarbon industrial products from high carbon alternatives [07:51:24] products from high carbon alternatives for instance or uh as a second driver [07:51:27] for instance or uh as a second driver the limited willingness to pay a premium [07:51:29] the limited willingness to pay a premium for lowcarbon industrial products. Um we [07:51:32] for lowcarbon industrial products. Um we see that the industrial sectors often [07:51:34] see that the industrial sectors often continue to face significantly higher [07:51:36] continue to face significantly higher costs for producing lowcarbon products [07:51:38] costs for producing lowcarbon products often due to the lack of economies of [07:51:40] often due to the lack of economies of state uh of scale. Another barrier that [07:51:43] state uh of scale. Another barrier that we've identified within the EU is the [07:51:45] we've identified within the EU is the supply chain vulnerabilities. [07:51:47] supply chain vulnerabilities. So as you as you're aware the EU [07:51:50] So as you as you're aware the EU manufacturing is exposed to a risk of [07:51:52] manufacturing is exposed to a risk of dependency for its most strategic [07:51:54] dependency for its most strategic industries industries um which is a [07:51:58] industries industries um which is a challenge to the EU strategic autonomy [07:51:59] challenge to the EU strategic autonomy and clean energy transition uh and then [07:52:02] and clean energy transition uh and then in in fact the EU industries face [07:52:03] in in fact the EU industries face increasing difficulty in accessing [07:52:06] increasing difficulty in accessing critical and other raw raw materials at [07:52:08] critical and other raw raw materials at competitive prices and or quantities and [07:52:10] competitive prices and or quantities and um this challenges uh is compounded by [07:52:13] um this challenges uh is compounded by countries increasingly using export [07:52:15] countries increasingly using export controls to secure domestic supply. Um, [07:52:18] controls to secure domestic supply. Um, another point that we see is uh the [07:52:20] another point that we see is uh the deployment of uh industrial degation [07:52:22] deployment of uh industrial degation technologies at scales requires [07:52:24] technologies at scales requires infrastructure and providing this [07:52:25] infrastructure and providing this infrastructure is a is a challenge in [07:52:27] infrastructure is a is a challenge in itself. So we're talking about for [07:52:29] itself. So we're talking about for instance uh grids uh and the [07:52:31] instance uh grids uh and the connectivity to grids as mentioned [07:52:33] connectivity to grids as mentioned before um but also hydrogen [07:52:35] before um but also hydrogen infrastructure and providing the [07:52:36] infrastructure and providing the hydrogen infrastructure at the scale so [07:52:37] hydrogen infrastructure at the scale so that industries can actually use it at [07:52:40] that industries can actually use it at the site. Um and then we also identified [07:52:43] the site. Um and then we also identified some other barriers such as the uh often [07:52:46] some other barriers such as the uh often or sometimes still not adjusted to the [07:52:50] or sometimes still not adjusted to the indust industrial transformation um [07:52:53] indust industrial transformation um existing permitting and and uh and uh [07:52:57] existing permitting and and uh and uh and uh the permitting procedures and [07:53:00] and uh the permitting procedures and also regulative procedures. So updating [07:53:02] also regulative procedures. So updating them in order to be in line with the [07:53:04] them in order to be in line with the industrial in decommunization is is [07:53:06] industrial in decommunization is is another key point. And last but not [07:53:08] another key point. And last but not least that uh when there is less [07:53:11] least that uh when there is less certainty of the long-term uh pathway [07:53:15] certainty of the long-term uh pathway that also implies that there is less [07:53:16] that also implies that there is less certainty in the investment and this can [07:53:18] certainty in the investment and this can create a barrier that we also see within [07:53:20] create a barrier that we also see within the EU. Um let me also then uh just come [07:53:23] the EU. Um let me also then uh just come to another point that uh we've been [07:53:25] to another point that uh we've been identifying which is um coming back to [07:53:27] identifying which is um coming back to the to the points of the energy um [07:53:31] the to the points of the energy um energy supply. So we in the EU of course [07:53:33] energy supply. So we in the EU of course see that decarbonizing the industry [07:53:35] see that decarbonizing the industry starts with cutting the emissions at the [07:53:36] starts with cutting the emissions at the source. does either at electricity [07:53:39] source. does either at electricity generation or the provision of feed [07:53:40] generation or the provision of feed stock and from our perspective again it [07:53:42] stock and from our perspective again it cannot be denied that the fossil fuel [07:53:44] cannot be denied that the fossil fuel industry must play a role in this [07:53:46] industry must play a role in this transition. Uh and we therefore consider [07:53:48] transition. Uh and we therefore consider it highly relevant to address the [07:53:50] it highly relevant to address the challenges of opportunities within the [07:53:51] challenges of opportunities within the fossil fuel industry associated with the [07:53:54] fossil fuel industry associated with the transition away from fossil fuels [07:53:56] transition away from fossil fuels including tailored transition pathways [07:53:57] including tailored transition pathways to really uh make a case for the full [07:54:00] to really uh make a case for the full transformation of the industry sector [07:54:01] transformation of the industry sector including the energy sources that it [07:54:03] including the energy sources that it relies on. Thanks a lot. [07:54:06] relies on. Thanks a lot. Thank you very much. EU. Um, Japan, [07:54:10] Thank you very much. EU. Um, Japan, you're next, followed by the United [07:54:11] you're next, followed by the United Kingdom. [07:54:21] Thank you for giving me the floor. So a [07:54:24] Thank you for giving me the floor. So a key challenge lies in how to advance in [07:54:27] key challenge lies in how to advance in an integrated manner their entire [07:54:29] an integrated manner their entire process from technology development to [07:54:32] process from technology development to deployment and diffusion in hard to aid [07:54:35] deployment and diffusion in hard to aid sectors like iron, steel, chemicals. To [07:54:38] sectors like iron, steel, chemicals. To address this challenge, Japan is taking [07:54:41] address this challenge, Japan is taking a comprehensive approach that supports [07:54:43] a comprehensive approach that supports the technology, finance and demand [07:54:46] the technology, finance and demand dimensions in an integrated manner. [07:54:49] dimensions in an integrated manner. Specifically uh Japan provides a [07:54:52] Specifically uh Japan provides a continuous technology support through [07:54:54] continuous technology support through their green innovation fund which covers [07:54:56] their green innovation fund which covers the flu spectrum from research and [07:54:59] the flu spectrum from research and development to demonstration and social [07:55:02] development to demonstration and social implementation. [07:55:04] implementation. So in addition so Japan promotes [07:55:06] So in addition so Japan promotes largecale capital investments through [07:55:09] largecale capital investments through upfront invest government support [07:55:11] upfront invest government support utilizing [07:55:12] utilizing uh GX economy transition bonds. So [07:55:15] uh GX economy transition bonds. So thereby encourage en encouraging [07:55:17] thereby encourage en encouraging corporate investment. Uh furthermore, so [07:55:21] corporate investment. Uh furthermore, so Japan is advancing advancing uh [07:55:23] Japan is advancing advancing uh initiatives for their visualization of [07:55:27] initiatives for their visualization of uh environmental value and the creation [07:55:29] uh environmental value and the creation of demand for GX products. Uh in [07:55:33] of demand for GX products. Uh in addition uh Japan implements support [07:55:36] addition uh Japan implements support measures based on the uh sectoral [07:55:39] measures based on the uh sectoral investment strategies which set out the [07:55:42] investment strategies which set out the direction of investment and support [07:55:45] direction of investment and support measures for priority industries. [07:55:48] measures for priority industries. Japan is also advancing capital [07:55:50] Japan is also advancing capital investment support and regional [07:55:52] investment support and regional infrastructure development under the GX [07:55:56] infrastructure development under the GX strategic zone framework which promotes [07:55:59] strategic zone framework which promotes the utilization of decarbonized power [07:56:02] the utilization of decarbonized power sources and the development of related [07:56:05] sources and the development of related infrastructure. [07:56:07] infrastructure. Such an integrated approach across [07:56:09] Such an integrated approach across technology, finance and demand is [07:56:12] technology, finance and demand is positioned as a practical solution. [07:56:14] positioned as a practical solution. That's all. Thank you. [07:56:18] Thank you very much. Japan, uh, United [07:56:20] Thank you very much. Japan, uh, United Kingdom and then, uh, Norway. [07:56:32] Thank you for giving me the floor. Uh so [07:56:35] Thank you for giving me the floor. Uh so do do to deliver the UK's ambitious NDC [07:56:38] do do to deliver the UK's ambitious NDC of at least 81% reductions by uh 2035 or [07:56:42] of at least 81% reductions by uh 2035 or 1990 levels we must reduce our [07:56:44] 1990 levels we must reduce our industrial emissions by at least 2/3. [07:56:47] industrial emissions by at least 2/3. That in itself is a steep challenge. [07:56:49] That in itself is a steep challenge. Industry emissions in the UK have more [07:56:52] Industry emissions in the UK have more than half from 1999 to 1990 to 2023 [07:56:56] than half from 1999 to 1990 to 2023 whilst also increasing their output. But [07:56:58] whilst also increasing their output. But there is more to do. So some specific [07:57:01] there is more to do. So some specific challenges for the UK include uh around [07:57:03] challenges for the UK include uh around industrial electrification. We shared [07:57:06] industrial electrification. We shared earlier about our priorities there and [07:57:08] earlier about our priorities there and it was great to hear that echoed in [07:57:09] it was great to hear that echoed in other interventions including uh from [07:57:11] other interventions including uh from the representative from ENGO. Uh [07:57:14] the representative from ENGO. Uh industrial electrification will be key [07:57:16] industrial electrification will be key to reaching our goals. However, high [07:57:18] to reaching our goals. However, high electricity prices are a significant [07:57:21] electricity prices are a significant pressure on UK industry. The only way to [07:57:24] pressure on UK industry. The only way to bring down electricity prices for good [07:57:26] bring down electricity prices for good is to end the UK's dependency on [07:57:29] is to end the UK's dependency on volatile international fossil fuels and [07:57:31] volatile international fossil fuels and markets uh including through our clean [07:57:34] markets uh including through our clean power by 2030 mission. This will require [07:57:37] power by 2030 mission. This will require huge upgrades to the national grid which [07:57:39] huge upgrades to the national grid which is expensive but will also provide jobs. [07:57:42] is expensive but will also provide jobs. International cooperation uh and [07:57:44] International cooperation uh and coordination across these areas is [07:57:46] coordination across these areas is vital. We therefore appreciate the [07:57:48] vital. We therefore appreciate the inclusion from tea of electrification [07:57:51] inclusion from tea of electrification and grid optimization as an action [07:57:53] and grid optimization as an action agenda priority for COP 31 and would [07:57:55] agenda priority for COP 31 and would encourage strong engagement from parties [07:57:57] encourage strong engagement from parties uh in this initiative. [07:58:00] uh in this initiative. Secondly, uh another challenge for the [07:58:01] Secondly, uh another challenge for the UK is around carbon leakage. uh if [07:58:03] UK is around carbon leakage. uh if carbon leakage is not addressed, it will [07:58:05] carbon leakage is not addressed, it will be not be possible to successfully [07:58:08] be not be possible to successfully decarbonize UK industry as any [07:58:10] decarbonize UK industry as any decarbonization could be undermined by [07:58:12] decarbonization could be undermined by carbon leakage and indeed this could see [07:58:14] carbon leakage and indeed this could see global emissions overall rise. Carbon [07:58:17] global emissions overall rise. Carbon leakage is a serious uh concern for the [07:58:20] leakage is a serious uh concern for the UK. Key industries threat of carbon [07:58:22] UK. Key industries threat of carbon leakage compromise uh 11% of 2022 UK [07:58:26] leakage compromise uh 11% of 2022 UK greenhouse gas emissions. The CBAM is [07:58:29] greenhouse gas emissions. The CBAM is one part of our uh approach to carbon [07:58:31] one part of our uh approach to carbon leakage which also includes wider action [07:58:34] leakage which also includes wider action to accelerate global industrial [07:58:36] to accelerate global industrial decarbonization, support the uptake of [07:58:38] decarbonization, support the uptake of carbon pricing and encouraging [07:58:40] carbon pricing and encouraging collaboration to tackle carbon leakage. [07:58:43] collaboration to tackle carbon leakage. Thirdly around demand offtake and uh for [07:58:47] Thirdly around demand offtake and uh for demand and offtake for green industrial [07:58:49] demand and offtake for green industrial products. Demand and offtake are the [07:58:51] products. Demand and offtake are the critical bottlenecks for scaling [07:58:52] critical bottlenecks for scaling industrial decarbonization globally [07:58:55] industrial decarbonization globally without credible long-term demand and [07:58:57] without credible long-term demand and signals for green industrial products. [07:59:00] signals for green industrial products. Investors face high uh high [07:59:04] Investors face high uh high high risk and capital does not flow at [07:59:06] high risk and capital does not flow at the scale required. Creating demand [07:59:09] the scale required. Creating demand through coordinated offtake and [07:59:10] through coordinated offtake and procurement is therefore essential to [07:59:12] procurement is therefore essential to make lowcarbon industry the default [07:59:14] make lowcarbon industry the default choice. Aligned global standards and [07:59:17] choice. Aligned global standards and definitions for green industrial goods [07:59:18] definitions for green industrial goods are a necessary enabler of demand, trade [07:59:21] are a necessary enabler of demand, trade and investment. And harmonized [07:59:23] and investment. And harmonized approaches to emissions, accounting, [07:59:24] approaches to emissions, accounting, benchmarking and product definitions can [07:59:26] benchmarking and product definitions can help reduce fragmentation, support [07:59:29] help reduce fragmentation, support crossber trade in green industrial [07:59:30] crossber trade in green industrial products and give buyers confidence in [07:59:32] products and give buyers confidence in green claims. This has been reinforced [07:59:35] green claims. This has been reinforced by the UK's consultation on demand side [07:59:37] by the UK's consultation on demand side measures for lowcarbon industrial [07:59:39] measures for lowcarbon industrial products which closed last year and [07:59:40] products which closed last year and responses to that are now being analyzed [07:59:43] responses to that are now being analyzed and the consultation will inform [07:59:44] and the consultation will inform development of a policy framework that [07:59:46] development of a policy framework that can increase the demand for lowcarbon [07:59:48] can increase the demand for lowcarbon products such as through procurement and [07:59:50] products such as through procurement and product classifications and therefore [07:59:52] product classifications and therefore reduce investment risk domestically. [07:59:55] reduce investment risk domestically. Thank you. [07:59:57] Thank you. Thank you very much UK. And now we have [08:00:00] Thank you very much UK. And now we have Norway followed by the farmers. [08:00:10] Thank you. Um as mentioned in my [08:00:14] Thank you. Um as mentioned in my intervention earlier the fundamental [08:00:16] intervention earlier the fundamental challenge of many hard debate sector is [08:00:19] challenge of many hard debate sector is that carbon is an integrated part and [08:00:21] that carbon is an integrated part and chemical input many of the industrial [08:00:23] chemical input many of the industrial processes and moving beyond efficiency [08:00:27] processes and moving beyond efficiency improvements need new technologies using [08:00:29] improvements need new technologies using direct electrification green hydrogen or [08:00:32] direct electrification green hydrogen or CCS among others and developing and [08:00:36] CCS among others and developing and implementing such technologies typically [08:00:38] implementing such technologies typically involves long lead times for research [08:00:40] involves long lead times for research and development. ment as as well as [08:00:42] and development. ment as as well as large long-term investments with high [08:00:45] large long-term investments with high upfront costs. As a result, climate [08:00:47] upfront costs. As a result, climate technology deployment in industry is [08:00:49] technology deployment in industry is exposed to a range of barriers and [08:00:53] exposed to a range of barriers and solving such barriers may need a wide [08:00:55] solving such barriers may need a wide range of instruments. Let me take a [08:00:57] range of instruments. Let me take a couple of them. First, we need [08:01:00] couple of them. First, we need trustworthy long-term policy signals [08:01:03] trustworthy long-term policy signals reducing the risk for stakeholders and [08:01:06] reducing the risk for stakeholders and ambitious indices and long-term targets [08:01:08] ambitious indices and long-term targets are therefore key. Nearly 10 years ago, [08:01:11] are therefore key. Nearly 10 years ago, Norway enshrined our indices and 2050 [08:01:14] Norway enshrined our indices and 2050 long-term targets in national law, which [08:01:16] long-term targets in national law, which is in our experience one way of [08:01:18] is in our experience one way of providing both signals in the short, [08:01:20] providing both signals in the short, medium, and long term for the industry [08:01:23] medium, and long term for the industry sector [08:01:24] sector sector. Second, scaling up mitigation [08:01:26] sector. Second, scaling up mitigation efforts in industry need to combine [08:01:28] efforts in industry need to combine several measures. Carbon pricing is key [08:01:31] several measures. Carbon pricing is key and our as our colleagues from South [08:01:34] and our as our colleagues from South Pole said earlier today, we see an [08:01:36] Pole said earlier today, we see an increase in global coverage of carbon [08:01:38] increase in global coverage of carbon pricing, bringing forward a more level [08:01:40] pricing, bringing forward a more level playing field and harmonized approach [08:01:42] playing field and harmonized approach across countries in regard to climate [08:01:44] across countries in regard to climate policies. Also, carbon pricing can [08:01:47] policies. Also, carbon pricing can provide long-term signals not only on [08:01:49] provide long-term signals not only on the margin, but for carbon pricing to [08:01:52] the margin, but for carbon pricing to affect long-term investments decisions, [08:01:54] affect long-term investments decisions, predictability is essential. [08:01:57] predictability is essential. At the same time, public support [08:01:59] At the same time, public support research and development is important [08:02:02] research and development is important not only backed by industrial policy but [08:02:04] not only backed by industrial policy but also by economic theory. Our experience [08:02:07] also by economic theory. Our experience is that uh this has been very important [08:02:10] is that uh this has been very important in our work on CCS and the role of the [08:02:13] in our work on CCS and the role of the government in our work with CCS has been [08:02:14] government in our work with CCS has been both necessary and important both as a [08:02:17] both necessary and important both as a convenor to connect different technology [08:02:19] convenor to connect different technology technological actors but also to support [08:02:21] technological actors but also to support highront investments that one [08:02:23] highront investments that one stakeholder may not take alone. Thank [08:02:26] stakeholder may not take alone. Thank you. [08:02:28] Thank thank you very much Norway. Um now [08:02:31] Thank thank you very much Norway. Um now we have our colleague from the farmer's [08:02:32] we have our colleague from the farmer's constituency [08:02:36] followed by Australia. [08:02:41] >> Thank you once again madame co-chair. [08:02:44] >> Thank you once again madame co-chair. Farmers face many tech many challenges [08:02:47] Farmers face many tech many challenges to decarbonization. [08:02:49] to decarbonization. Transitioning to lowcarbon practices [08:02:52] Transitioning to lowcarbon practices such as agricology, aquaecology, [08:02:55] such as agricology, aquaecology, adopting new sustainable machineries, [08:02:57] adopting new sustainable machineries, using renewable energy, requires [08:03:00] using renewable energy, requires significant capital. Yet many farmers, [08:03:04] significant capital. Yet many farmers, especially small-scale farmers, have [08:03:07] especially small-scale farmers, have very limited access to capital, [08:03:09] very limited access to capital, especially bigger capital. Many loaning [08:03:12] especially bigger capital. Many loaning institutions like banks need collateral [08:03:15] institutions like banks need collateral and many farmers do not have any. So it [08:03:18] and many farmers do not have any. So it is difficult to secure loans for green [08:03:21] is difficult to secure loans for green investments. Financial support to use [08:03:24] investments. Financial support to use machines and equipments that is powered [08:03:26] machines and equipments that is powered by renewable energy is inadequate even [08:03:29] by renewable energy is inadequate even absent in many developing countries. [08:03:32] absent in many developing countries. Another barrier is in an inappropriate [08:03:36] Another barrier is in an inappropriate technologies because many technologies [08:03:38] technologies because many technologies are designed for large farm operations [08:03:42] are designed for large farm operations and is not tailored to smaller [08:03:44] and is not tailored to smaller diversified or fragmented plots. [08:03:47] diversified or fragmented plots. We have talked about carbon markets here [08:03:49] We have talked about carbon markets here as a way to finance decarbonization. [08:03:53] as a way to finance decarbonization. However, one very basic thing to address [08:03:56] However, one very basic thing to address is the lack of capacity and subsequent [08:03:59] is the lack of capacity and subsequent involvement of farmers and their [08:04:02] involvement of farmers and their organizations in regulating carbon [08:04:04] organizations in regulating carbon markets such that they adhere to carbon [08:04:07] markets such that they adhere to carbon standards and such that they ensure the [08:04:10] standards and such that they ensure the farmers full rights to ownership or [08:04:13] farmers full rights to ownership or stewardship of their lands and that they [08:04:16] stewardship of their lands and that they significantly and directly benefit from [08:04:19] significantly and directly benefit from any profit from these carbon markets. We [08:04:22] any profit from these carbon markets. We have documented several carbon projects [08:04:25] have documented several carbon projects in Indonesia and Laos where farming and [08:04:28] in Indonesia and Laos where farming and fishing communities are not involved in [08:04:31] fishing communities are not involved in carbon project design, are displaced for [08:04:34] carbon project design, are displaced for their from their farms or are benefiting [08:04:37] their from their farms or are benefiting little from the project. [08:04:40] little from the project. Family farmers try to address these [08:04:42] Family farmers try to address these challenges by establishing and [08:04:44] challenges by establishing and strengthening our political and economic [08:04:47] strengthening our political and economic entities especially our unions, [08:04:50] entities especially our unions, associations and cooperatives. [08:04:53] associations and cooperatives. For example, the cooperatives [08:04:55] For example, the cooperatives collaborating with their members, [08:04:57] collaborating with their members, farmers and other partners such as with [08:05:00] farmers and other partners such as with governments, NOS's and research [08:05:02] governments, NOS's and research institutions [08:05:04] institutions provide awareness raising collective [08:05:07] provide awareness raising collective investment on appropriate mach [08:05:09] investment on appropriate mach machineries and charging fees per use. [08:05:13] machineries and charging fees per use. providing loans at low interest rates. A [08:05:17] providing loans at low interest rates. A and at friend farmer friendly terms in [08:05:20] and at friend farmer friendly terms in processing applications and in [08:05:22] processing applications and in collection of payments and amplifying [08:05:24] collection of payments and amplifying the voices of their members in policy [08:05:27] the voices of their members in policy influencing with their governments to [08:05:30] influencing with their governments to get the needed policies to secure their [08:05:32] get the needed policies to secure their rights, the needed grants and financing [08:05:35] rights, the needed grants and financing to shift to green investments in [08:05:37] to shift to green investments in agriculture. Thank you for your [08:05:39] agriculture. Thank you for your attention. [08:05:41] attention. >> Thank you very much. Um, we'll move on [08:05:45] >> Thank you very much. Um, we'll move on to Australia followed by Morocco and [08:05:47] to Australia followed by Morocco and then the ENGOS's. [08:05:55] >> Thank you very much. And and we do share [08:05:57] >> Thank you very much. And and we do share a number of of the challenges [08:05:59] a number of of the challenges highlighted by others. Uh, for example, [08:06:01] highlighted by others. Uh, for example, the need for uh long-term demand for [08:06:03] the need for uh long-term demand for green products. uh but in this [08:06:05] green products. uh but in this intervention I'll focus on um four key [08:06:08] intervention I'll focus on um four key challenges and solutions to to address [08:06:11] challenges and solutions to to address uh those challenges in Australia. [08:06:14] uh those challenges in Australia. Uh firstly this relates to widespread [08:06:16] Uh firstly this relates to widespread electrification. Um so as this um [08:06:19] electrification. Um so as this um intensifies across the economy that will [08:06:21] intensifies across the economy that will um continue to increase demand for [08:06:23] um continue to increase demand for electricity in Australia. Um the [08:06:26] electricity in Australia. Um the electricity supply will need to double [08:06:27] electricity supply will need to double or triple from the current level by 2050 [08:06:30] or triple from the current level by 2050 to enable the uptake of electrification [08:06:32] to enable the uptake of electrification technologies across the economy. and [08:06:34] technologies across the economy. and that includes in the industry sector. So [08:06:37] that includes in the industry sector. So sufficient levels of firmed renewable [08:06:39] sufficient levels of firmed renewable energy um are therefore essential to [08:06:41] energy um are therefore essential to both meet this additional demand and [08:06:43] both meet this additional demand and replace existing fossilbased energy and [08:06:46] replace existing fossilbased energy and this necessitates significant grid [08:06:48] this necessitates significant grid transformation and the deployment of [08:06:50] transformation and the deployment of storage capacity in Australia. [08:06:53] storage capacity in Australia. Uh there are large range of policies in [08:06:55] Uh there are large range of policies in place to address this. Um and I won't go [08:06:57] place to address this. Um and I won't go through them all but I'll just give one [08:06:59] through them all but I'll just give one example which is is focused on [08:07:01] example which is is focused on attracting investment and financing in [08:07:03] attracting investment and financing in in this transition. Uh this is the [08:07:05] in this transition. Uh this is the capacity investment scheme which is a [08:07:07] capacity investment scheme which is a government revenue underwriting scheme [08:07:09] government revenue underwriting scheme aimed at accelerating and d-risking [08:07:11] aimed at accelerating and d-risking investment in renewable energy and clean [08:07:13] investment in renewable energy and clean dispatchable energy. [08:07:16] dispatchable energy. Uh the second challenge is is the need [08:07:19] Uh the second challenge is is the need to improve business awareness of their [08:07:21] to improve business awareness of their energy use to help identify appropriate [08:07:23] energy use to help identify appropriate strategies to optimize energy use in the [08:07:25] strategies to optimize energy use in the industry sector. Uh so in terms of of [08:07:28] industry sector. Uh so in terms of of ways to address this, Australia has a [08:07:30] ways to address this, Australia has a national energy performance strategy [08:07:32] national energy performance strategy which provides a long-term framework to [08:07:34] which provides a long-term framework to coordinate and accelerate actions to [08:07:36] coordinate and accelerate actions to improve energy performance. Um there are [08:07:39] improve energy performance. Um there are also a range of programs to support [08:07:41] also a range of programs to support businesses and industrial facilities to [08:07:43] businesses and industrial facilities to adopt cleaner more efficient [08:07:45] adopt cleaner more efficient technologies. Um for example the the [08:07:47] technologies. Um for example the the powering the regions fund. [08:07:50] powering the regions fund. Uh the third challenge is that uh [08:07:51] Uh the third challenge is that uh technical innovation is required for [08:07:53] technical innovation is required for most industry subsectors to reach net [08:07:56] most industry subsectors to reach net zero in Australia and and this [08:07:57] zero in Australia and and this particularly applies to hard to abate uh [08:08:00] particularly applies to hard to abate uh sectors and industrial processes with [08:08:02] sectors and industrial processes with complex production processes uh for [08:08:05] complex production processes uh for example iron and steel uh aluminina [08:08:07] example iron and steel uh aluminina cement and chemicals. [08:08:10] cement and chemicals. And this makes the transition and and [08:08:12] And this makes the transition and and crucially planning for the transition [08:08:14] crucially planning for the transition more complicated because there is a [08:08:15] more complicated because there is a degree of uncertainty. [08:08:18] degree of uncertainty. And uh one of the key things to address [08:08:20] And uh one of the key things to address this is is the need for research and [08:08:23] this is is the need for research and investment in the near term. Um one [08:08:25] investment in the near term. Um one example of of a policy for this in [08:08:27] example of of a policy for this in Australia is the um future made in [08:08:30] Australia is the um future made in Australia innovation fund which provides [08:08:32] Australia innovation fund which provides grant funding to support pre-commercial [08:08:35] grant funding to support pre-commercial innovation demonstration and deployment [08:08:37] innovation demonstration and deployment of renewable energy and low emissions [08:08:39] of renewable energy and low emissions technologies um across green metals, [08:08:41] technologies um across green metals, clean energy technology, manufacturing [08:08:44] clean energy technology, manufacturing and lowcarbon liquid fuels. [08:08:47] and lowcarbon liquid fuels. Uh and the last challenge I'll highlight [08:08:49] Uh and the last challenge I'll highlight here is is that the industrial netzero [08:08:51] here is is that the industrial netzero transition has a particularly profound [08:08:53] transition has a particularly profound impact on regional Australia which is [08:08:55] impact on regional Australia which is where most of the industrial activity [08:08:57] where most of the industrial activity takes place and this comes with some [08:09:00] takes place and this comes with some opportunities but but also significant [08:09:02] opportunities but but also significant challenges. Uh the transition will cause [08:09:05] challenges. Uh the transition will cause significant changes in local industrial [08:09:07] significant changes in local industrial infrastructure job opportunities and [08:09:10] infrastructure job opportunities and business practices. [08:09:12] business practices. So different practices from government [08:09:13] So different practices from government to build community buyin and to ensure a [08:09:15] to build community buyin and to ensure a just transition are really essential. Uh [08:09:18] just transition are really essential. Uh examples of these include early and [08:09:20] examples of these include early and inclusive community consultation, [08:09:22] inclusive community consultation, benefit sharing arrangements and a [08:09:25] benefit sharing arrangements and a coordinated approach to retraining and [08:09:27] coordinated approach to retraining and reskilling local workforces. [08:09:29] reskilling local workforces. Thanks. [08:09:32] Thanks. >> Thank you very much. Um now we have [08:09:34] >> Thank you very much. Um now we have Morocco followed by our colleagues from [08:09:37] Morocco followed by our colleagues from the NGO's. [08:09:41] Thank you so much chair for giving me [08:09:43] Thank you so much chair for giving me the floor. Morocco Morocco's experience [08:09:45] the floor. Morocco Morocco's experience in um decarbonizing industry highlight [08:09:48] in um decarbonizing industry highlight several key challenges. [08:09:51] several key challenges. First um long life cycle of industrial [08:09:54] First um long life cycle of industrial assets uh slow down transformation and [08:09:57] assets uh slow down transformation and require significant [08:09:59] require significant um investment for retrofitting. [08:10:02] um investment for retrofitting. technology maturity remains limited uh [08:10:06] technology maturity remains limited uh for breakthrough solutions such as [08:10:08] for breakthrough solutions such as carbon capture which are still costly [08:10:12] carbon capture which are still costly and not yet widely scalable. Access to [08:10:16] and not yet widely scalable. Access to finance remains um a major barrier given [08:10:20] finance remains um a major barrier given the high upfront cost and long payback [08:10:23] the high upfront cost and long payback periods of lowcarbon technologies. [08:10:26] periods of lowcarbon technologies. Regulatory and market gaps including the [08:10:29] Regulatory and market gaps including the lack of standards and structured value [08:10:32] lack of standards and structured value chains particularly for waste and [08:10:34] chains particularly for waste and lowcarbon materials can hinder [08:10:36] lowcarbon materials can hinder deployment. [08:10:38] deployment. Last but not least, infrastructure [08:10:41] Last but not least, infrastructure constraints especially for clean energy [08:10:43] constraints especially for clean energy and CO2 uh management limit large scale [08:10:46] and CO2 uh management limit large scale implementation. [08:10:48] implementation. Um to address these challenges uh [08:10:51] Um to address these challenges uh Morocco has adopted phased approach by [08:10:54] Morocco has adopted phased approach by prioritizing readily available solutions [08:10:58] prioritizing readily available solutions such as energy efficiency renewable [08:11:00] such as energy efficiency renewable energy and full switching while [08:11:03] energy and full switching while preparing for future technologies [08:11:06] preparing for future technologies strengthening policy alignment between [08:11:09] strengthening policy alignment between INDC 3.0 and long-term strategies which [08:11:12] INDC 3.0 and long-term strategies which provides clear signals for investment. [08:11:16] provides clear signals for investment. Um in addition public private [08:11:18] Um in addition public private partnerships and uh circular economy [08:11:21] partnerships and uh circular economy approaches including waste management [08:11:25] approaches including waste management waste valorization have been key to [08:11:28] waste valorization have been key to accelerating progress. Finally, Morocco [08:11:31] accelerating progress. Finally, Morocco is advancing energy diversification [08:11:34] is advancing energy diversification including renewables, electrification [08:11:37] including renewables, electrification and green hydrogen to support long-term [08:11:40] and green hydrogen to support long-term um industrial transformation. [08:11:42] um industrial transformation. Um our experience shows that overcoming [08:11:46] Um our experience shows that overcoming these worries require predictable uh [08:11:48] these worries require predictable uh requires predictable policies, adequate [08:11:51] requires predictable policies, adequate financing, infrastructure development [08:11:54] financing, infrastructure development and enhanced international cooperation. [08:11:57] and enhanced international cooperation. Thank you. [08:12:00] Thank you. >> Thank you very much Morocco. And now we [08:12:02] >> Thank you very much Morocco. And now we have uh our ENGO colleague burnt. [08:12:06] have uh our ENGO colleague burnt. >> Thank you. Thank you madam chair. [08:12:09] >> Thank you. Thank you madam chair. uh and thank you dear representatives of [08:12:13] uh and thank you dear representatives of of parties here. I've really enjoyed the [08:12:15] of parties here. I've really enjoyed the the discussion very insightful comments [08:12:18] the discussion very insightful comments and uh it's a pleasure to be part of [08:12:21] and uh it's a pleasure to be part of this this dialogue. Uh again I will [08:12:25] this this dialogue. Uh again I will share a few uh insights from a global [08:12:28] share a few uh insights from a global perspective not restricted to any [08:12:31] perspective not restricted to any specific geography. Uh I think uh yeah I [08:12:35] specific geography. Uh I think uh yeah I will stick to three points in this [08:12:37] will stick to three points in this intervention. [08:12:38] intervention. Um and also of course building on the [08:12:41] Um and also of course building on the wise words that have been said already. [08:12:44] wise words that have been said already. Uh the first point is a kind of uh lack [08:12:48] Uh the first point is a kind of uh lack of an uh integrated [08:12:51] of an uh integrated approach. I think the hydrogen hype is a [08:12:56] approach. I think the hydrogen hype is a classical example. So uh one part of the [08:13:00] classical example. So uh one part of the chain may get kind of too much emphasis [08:13:05] chain may get kind of too much emphasis uh in the political debate. Uh uh we [08:13:10] uh in the political debate. Uh uh we need the to see the whole value chain. [08:13:14] need the to see the whole value chain. We need the sequencing. [08:13:16] We need the sequencing. Uh hydrogen is not the end product as I [08:13:20] Uh hydrogen is not the end product as I think it was Namibia said very wisely in [08:13:22] think it was Namibia said very wisely in the morning. Um so uh hydrogen plants [08:13:27] the morning. Um so uh hydrogen plants will be built when there are for [08:13:30] will be built when there are for instance green hydrogen DRRi steel iron [08:13:33] instance green hydrogen DRRi steel iron making plants planned and built. Uh and [08:13:36] making plants planned and built. Uh and in order to get hydrogen plants we need [08:13:39] in order to get hydrogen plants we need the renewable power to uh to to feed [08:13:43] the renewable power to uh to to feed them and of course electrolyers. So uh [08:13:46] them and of course electrolyers. So uh we need to make the sequences right uh [08:13:50] we need to make the sequences right uh and also a prioritization [08:13:52] and also a prioritization uh needs to be done on national level [08:13:56] uh needs to be done on national level perhaps even regional level uh because [08:13:59] perhaps even regional level uh because also producing hydrogen is very uh [08:14:03] also producing hydrogen is very uh energy consuming. Uh there's a limit to [08:14:06] energy consuming. Uh there's a limit to uh production of of electricity. So we [08:14:09] uh production of of electricity. So we must prioritize to which specific [08:14:13] must prioritize to which specific sectors the hydrogen is needed and that [08:14:16] sectors the hydrogen is needed and that coordination uh in that coordination the [08:14:18] coordination uh in that coordination the government must must play a role. Uh the [08:14:21] government must must play a role. Uh the second point is uh the lack of support [08:14:24] second point is uh the lack of support from workers. Uh it is a uh a challenge [08:14:28] from workers. Uh it is a uh a challenge in in many uh places in the world very [08:14:32] in in many uh places in the world very understandably. [08:14:33] understandably. Uh [08:14:35] Uh since uh we need both uh uh uh reform of [08:14:41] since uh we need both uh uh uh reform of uh of existing industries and also the [08:14:43] uh of existing industries and also the green industry in green industrial [08:14:46] green industry in green industrial industrialization will uh will will have [08:14:48] industrialization will uh will will have the potential for new green works. Uh [08:14:53] the potential for new green works. Uh but uh it will require reskilling uh and [08:14:57] but uh it will require reskilling uh and uh uh an integrated approach to uh to [08:15:00] uh uh an integrated approach to uh to just transition [08:15:03] just transition Uh a third point I want to raise here it [08:15:07] Uh a third point I want to raise here it has already been mentioned in some [08:15:08] has already been mentioned in some intervention is the the lack of [08:15:10] intervention is the the lack of standards or actually the diversity of [08:15:13] standards or actually the diversity of standards in many cases again steel uh [08:15:18] standards in many cases again steel uh being the prime example uh and standards [08:15:22] being the prime example uh and standards and of course taxonomies. So when we [08:15:24] and of course taxonomies. So when we talk about low emission steel, green [08:15:26] talk about low emission steel, green steel in different parts of the world, [08:15:28] steel in different parts of the world, we refer to very different levels of uh [08:15:32] we refer to very different levels of uh of emissions. So we need a focus on [08:15:34] of emissions. So we need a focus on interoperability between standards and [08:15:37] interoperability between standards and uh in the long run run alignment and I'm [08:15:40] uh in the long run run alignment and I'm also of course very happy that a lot of [08:15:43] also of course very happy that a lot of processes are already taking place [08:15:45] processes are already taking place within the action agenda for instance [08:15:47] within the action agenda for instance the steel standards principle being one [08:15:49] the steel standards principle being one example. So uh we need the global [08:15:52] example. So uh we need the global community to to uh to continue this this [08:15:55] community to to uh to continue this this effort. Thank you. [08:16:00] >> Thank you very much. Uh Burnt. [08:16:05] >> Okay. Um I don't see any more requests [08:16:09] >> Okay. Um I don't see any more requests for the floor. Okay. Egypt. Thank you. [08:16:21] Yeah, sorry. Uh my laptop is uh charges [08:16:25] Yeah, sorry. Uh my laptop is uh charges is is down and I I will read from my [08:16:29] is is down and I I will read from my mobile. uh I will talk about uh four uh [08:16:34] mobile. uh I will talk about uh four uh actually challenges that like the uh the [08:16:37] actually challenges that like the uh the first is uh the economic and financial [08:16:40] first is uh the economic and financial barriers and the second is the technical [08:16:44] barriers and the second is the technical and infrastructure barriers. The third [08:16:47] and infrastructure barriers. The third is regulatory and uh institutional [08:16:50] is regulatory and uh institutional barriers and the fourth is market [08:16:52] barriers and the fourth is market awareness barriers. And uh for the first [08:16:56] awareness barriers. And uh for the first one [08:16:59] one uh as you know the the high upfront uh [08:17:01] uh as you know the the high upfront uh costs for the uh decarbonization [08:17:05] costs for the uh decarbonization in heavy industry like cement, steel and [08:17:08] in heavy industry like cement, steel and filterizer requires massive capital uh [08:17:12] filterizer requires massive capital uh expenditure and uh Egypt uh actually to [08:17:16] expenditure and uh Egypt uh actually to address this uh challenge launched the [08:17:20] address this uh challenge launched the CIF industry decarbonization program uh [08:17:24] CIF industry decarbonization program uh securing up uh $250 million US in [08:17:29] securing up uh $250 million US in concessional financial. Uh this uh [08:17:33] concessional financial. Uh this uh blended finance model d uh risk the uh [08:17:37] blended finance model d uh risk the uh derisks the uh private sector investment [08:17:40] derisks the uh private sector investment in high cost technologies like green [08:17:43] in high cost technologies like green hydrogen. Uh and also we have the [08:17:47] hydrogen. Uh and also we have the currency uh fluctuation fluctuation [08:17:51] currency uh fluctuation fluctuation uh the valuation has increased the cost [08:17:54] uh the valuation has increased the cost of uh uh importing clean technology uh [08:17:58] of uh uh importing clean technology uh components [08:18:00] components and we addressing this uh in [08:18:04] and we addressing this uh in uh the uh localization of green [08:18:08] uh the uh localization of green technology manufactured like wind [08:18:10] technology manufactured like wind turbine and uh [08:18:14] turbine and uh uh wind turbines uh uh blitz and uh [08:18:18] uh wind turbines uh uh blitz and uh rateralizer uh in the uh SEO scan canal [08:18:23] rateralizer uh in the uh SEO scan canal uh economic zone to reduce the [08:18:26] uh economic zone to reduce the dependence on the foreign uh currency. [08:18:29] dependence on the foreign uh currency. uh related to the technical infra [08:18:31] uh related to the technical infra infrastructure uh barriers uh the grid [08:18:34] infrastructure uh barriers uh the grid uh integration the u [08:18:38] uh integration the u uh the the variable nature nature nature [08:18:42] uh the the variable nature nature nature of the renewable energy like solar and [08:18:44] of the renewable energy like solar and wind and wind can challenge the [08:18:47] wind and wind can challenge the stability of the national grid. [08:18:50] stability of the national grid. uh and we uh in uh we expanding its uh [08:18:57] uh and we uh in uh we expanding its uh the the smart grid infrastructure and [08:19:01] the the smart grid infrastructure and high voltage uh transmission lines such [08:19:04] high voltage uh transmission lines such as the three 3 gawatt [08:19:08] as the three 3 gawatt uh interconnection with Saudi Arabia. Uh [08:19:11] uh interconnection with Saudi Arabia. Uh this creates a larger more resilient [08:19:14] this creates a larger more resilient market for uh surplus green uh energy. [08:19:19] market for uh surplus green uh energy. And uh related to the third the [08:19:23] And uh related to the third the regulatory and the institutional [08:19:25] regulatory and the institutional barriers uh fragmented uh governance [08:19:29] barriers uh fragmented uh governance mitigation [08:19:31] mitigation efforts were uh historically [08:19:36] efforts were uh historically uh [08:19:37] uh within the uh ministry of of [08:19:40] within the uh ministry of of environment. [08:19:41] environment. Uh we working on uh we have already the [08:19:46] Uh we working on uh we have already the uh national climate change uh strategy [08:19:50] uh national climate change uh strategy uh 2050 centralized the climate [08:19:54] uh 2050 centralized the climate uh governance under the national council [08:19:58] uh governance under the national council of climate change [08:20:00] of climate change and uh [08:20:04] and uh related to the market awareness [08:20:06] related to the market awareness barriers. [08:20:08] barriers. Uh [08:20:10] Uh actually we have the uh industrial [08:20:13] actually we have the uh industrial leader often uh fear that green uh [08:20:16] leader often uh fear that green uh greening their uh options uh operations [08:20:20] greening their uh options uh operations will increase costs and reduce uh [08:20:23] will increase costs and reduce uh competitiveness. [08:20:25] competitiveness. uh and the government is uh framing [08:20:27] uh and the government is uh framing decarbonization as a market opportunity [08:20:31] decarbonization as a market opportunity by uh aligning with article 6 mechanism [08:20:34] by uh aligning with article 6 mechanism and the industrial and industrial uh [08:20:37] and the industrial and industrial uh transmission accelerator. [08:20:40] transmission accelerator. uh Egypt demonstrate that green products [08:20:43] uh Egypt demonstrate that green products like green steel uh or ammonia will [08:20:46] like green steel uh or ammonia will actually uh command in uh uh [08:20:51] actually uh command in uh uh uh like a primer uh in the uh global [08:20:55] uh like a primer uh in the uh global market and secure long-term experience. [08:20:59] market and secure long-term experience. Yeah, this is my my intervention. Thank [08:21:02] Yeah, this is my my intervention. Thank you. [08:21:03] you. >> Thank you. Thank you very much Egypt for [08:21:05] >> Thank you. Thank you very much Egypt for your intervention. [08:21:10] Okay. Um, we have no one else on online. [08:21:14] Okay. Um, we have no one else on online. Okay. [08:21:17] Okay. So, I think we've come to the end of of [08:21:20] So, I think we've come to the end of of this session and I'd really like to [08:21:23] this session and I'd really like to thank you for all those very interesting [08:21:26] thank you for all those very interesting and rich interventions. [08:21:29] and rich interventions. I think what they have shown us is that [08:21:31] I think what they have shown us is that there is significant effort going on [08:21:34] there is significant effort going on around the world. a lot of common [08:21:36] around the world. a lot of common challenges and hopefully this this gives [08:21:40] challenges and hopefully this this gives us opportunities to find solutions [08:21:42] us opportunities to find solutions together. [08:21:43] together. Um tomorrow we will my co-chair and I [08:21:47] Um tomorrow we will my co-chair and I will report we'll report back on the [08:21:50] will report we'll report back on the exchanges. We'll try to summarize this. [08:21:52] exchanges. We'll try to summarize this. It's not going to be an easy task but [08:21:53] It's not going to be an easy task but we'll do our best to do so. Um so please [08:21:57] we'll do our best to do so. Um so please we urge you to be here on time tomorrow. [08:21:59] we urge you to be here on time tomorrow. We plan to start exactly at 9. So if you [08:22:03] We plan to start exactly at 9. So if you can be here by at least quarter to 9 [08:22:04] can be here by at least quarter to 9 which allows you some time to to at [08:22:07] which allows you some time to to at least catch up with each other before we [08:22:08] least catch up with each other before we get started. Um we and then after we [08:22:12] get started. Um we and then after we have gone through the summary any [08:22:14] have gone through the summary any further reflections that you may have um [08:22:17] further reflections that you may have um you'll have an opportunity to share or [08:22:19] you'll have an opportunity to share or reactions and then we will continue into [08:22:22] reactions and then we will continue into the next round of breakout discussions. [08:22:25] the next round of breakout discussions. So we will be starting promptly at 9:00 [08:22:27] So we will be starting promptly at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. [08:22:29] a.m. tomorrow. With that, I'd like to conclude this [08:22:31] With that, I'd like to conclude this breakout group and once again thank all [08:22:33] breakout group and once again thank all of you for all your interventions and [08:22:36] of you for all your interventions and inputs. Special thanks to our colleagues [08:22:39] inputs. Special thanks to our colleagues who joined us virtually in the middle of [08:22:41] who joined us virtually in the middle of the night um in other parts of the [08:22:43] the night um in other parts of the world. We really appreciate your [08:22:45] world. We really appreciate your commitment and dedication to this [08:22:46] commitment and dedication to this process. And with that, I'd like to wish [08:22:49] process. And with that, I'd like to wish you all a pleasant evening. Thank you.